怖こわ

怖こわ U+6016, 怖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6016 ← 怕 [U+6015] CJK Unified Ideographs 怗 → [U+6017]

Translingual

Han character

怖こわ (Kangxi radical 61, 心しん+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 心こころ大中おおなか月がつ (PKLB), four-corner 9402₇, composition ⿰忄布ぬの)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 380, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10450
• Dae Jaweon: page 708, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2284, character 6
• Unihan data for U+6016

Chinese

simp. and trad.		怖こわ

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (父ちち) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
抪	*paː, *paːs
布ぬの	*paːs
佈	*paːs
怖こわ	*pʰaːs
斧おの	*paʔ
父ちち	*paʔ, *baʔ
蚥	*paʔ, *baʔ
滏	*baʔ
釜がま	*baʔ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bù (bu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bou³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pu
• Northern Min (KCR): bu̿
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pò͘

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bù
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bù
    • Wade–Giles: pu⁴
    • Yale: bù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buh
    • Palladius: бу (bu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: bou³
    • Yale: bou
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bou³
    • Guangdong Romanization: bou³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pu
    • Hakka Romanization System: bu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /pu⁵⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bu̿
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pò͘
    • Tâi-lô: pòo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pox
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pɔ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pɔ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɔ²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: phuH, phjot

Rime
Character	怖こわ	怖こわ
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲こえ)	滂 (2)	滂 (2)
Final (韻いん)	模も (23)	月つき (68)
Tone (調しらべ)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open	Closed
Division (等ひとし)	I	III
Fanqie	普ひろし故こ切きり	拂はらい伐き切きり
Baxter	phuH	phjot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰuoH/	/pʰʉɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰuoH/	/pʰʷiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰoH/	/pʰiuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰɔH/	/pʰuat̚/
Li Rong	/pʰoH/	/pʰiuɐt̚/
Wang Li	/pʰuH/	/pʰĭwɐt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰuoH/	/pʰi̯wɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pù	fa
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pou3	faat3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰaːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	怖こわ
Reading #	1/1
No.	3498
Phonetic component	父ちち
Rime group	魚さかな
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	怖こわ
Old Chinese	/*pʰaːs/

Definitions

怖こわ

1. to fear; to be afraid

   • 吾われ聞言げん於接せっ輿こし，大だい而無む當とう，往而不ふ反はん。吾われ驚おどろき怖こわ其言げん，猶なお河かわ漢かん而無む極きょく也，大だい有ゆう逕庭けいてい，不ふ近ちか人情にんじょう焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     吾われ闻言げん于接せっ舆，大だい而无当とう，往而不ふ反はん。吾われ惊怖こわ其言げん，犹河かわ汉而无极也，大だい有ゆう迳庭，不ふ近ちか人情にんじょう焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Wú wén yán yú Jiē Yú, dà ér wúdāng, wǎng ér bùfǎn. Wú jīngbù qí yán, yóu héhàn ér wújí yě, dà yǒu jìngtíng, bùjìn rénqíng yān. [Pinyin]

     I heard Jie Yu talking words which were great, but had nothing corresponding to them (in reality); once gone, they could not be brought back. I was frightened and scared by his words; they were like the Milky Way which cannot be traced to its beginning or end. They had no connexion with one another, and were not akin to the experiences of men.

2. to scare; to frighten; to terrify

   • 逢蒙こうむ之これ弟子でし曰鴻おおとり超ちょう，怒いか其妻つま而怖こわ之これ。引烏がらす號ごう之これ弓ゆみ，綦衛之これ箭や，射い其目め，矢や來き注ちゅう眸子ぼうし，而眶不ふ睫まつげ，矢や隧地ち而塵ちり不ふ揚あげ。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     逢蒙こうむ之これ弟子でし曰鸿超ちょう，怒いか其妻つま而怖こわ之これ。引乌号之これ弓ゆみ，綦卫之これ箭や，射い其目め，矢や来き注ちゅう眸子ぼうし，而眶不ふ睫まつげ，矢や隧地ち而尘不ふ扬。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Liezi, 1^st – 5^th century CE

     Féng Méng zhī dìzǐ yuē Hóng Chāo, nù qí qī ér bù zhī. Yǐn Wūhào zhī gōng, Qíwèi zhī jiàn, shè qí mù, shǐ lái zhù móuzǐ, ér kuàng bùjié, shǐ suì dì ér chén bùyáng. [Pinyin]

     Once Hong Chao, a disciple of the expert archer Feng Meng, got mad at his wife, and in order to scare her he took the powerful Crow's Caw bow and the well-crafted arrow from Qi and shot at her eye. The arrow came right at the pupil of her eye, but she didn’t even blink. The arrow fell to the ground without raising dust.

Compounds

• 可か怖こわ (kěbù)
• 怕怖
• 怖こわ懼／怖こわ惧 (bùjù)
• 恐怖きょうふ (kǒngbù)
• 恐怖きょうふ主義しゅぎ／恐怖きょうふ主ぬし义 (kǒngbùzhǔyì)
• 恐怖きょうふ分子ぶんし (kǒngbùfènzǐ)
• 恐怖きょうふ小說しょうせつ／恐怖きょうふ小しょう说
• 恐怖きょうふ片へん
• 恐怖きょうふ片へん兒じ／恐怖きょうふ片へん儿
• 恐怖症きょうふしょう (kǒngbùzhèng)
• 恐怖きょうふ襲擊しゅうげき／恐怖きょうふ袭击 (kǒngbù xíjī)
• 恐怖きょうふ電でん影かげ／恐怖きょうふ电影 (kǒngbù diànyǐng)
• 惶怖 (huángbù)
• 獰惡どうあく可か怖こわ／狞恶可か怖こわ
• 白色はくしょく恐怖きょうふ (báisè kǒngbù)
• 紅色こうしょく恐怖きょうふ／红色恐怖きょうふ (hóngsè kǒngbù)
• 震ふるえ怖こわ (zhènbù)
• 驚おどろき怖こわ／惊怖 (jīngbù)

 

Japanese

Kanji

怖こわ

(Jōyō kanji)

1. dreadful; frightening

Readings

• Go-on: ふ (fu, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ほ (ho)
• Kun: こわい (kowai, 怖こわい, Jōyō); おそれる (osoreru, 怖こわれる); おじる (ojiru, 怖おじる)

Korean

Hanja

怖こわ • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

怖こわ: Hán Nôm readings: bố

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.