よう

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よう U+6D0B, 洋
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D0B

[U+6D0A]
CJK Unified Ideographs きよし
[U+6D0C]

Translingual

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Han character

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よう (Kangxi radical 85, みず+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input みず廿にじゅうしゅ (ETQ), four-corner 38151, composition ひつじ)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 619, character 28
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17363
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1014, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1615, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+6D0B

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
よう
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい形声けいせい, OC *ljaŋ, *laŋ) : semantic (water) + phonetic ひつじ (OC *laŋ).

Etymology

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“multitudinous; vast; ocean”
Schuessler (2007) compares it with Tibetan ཡངས་པ (yangs pa, wide; extensive; vast; spacious). In contrast, Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lɨ̆ŋ (wave), encompassing this and Tibetan ཀློང (klong, space; expanse; wave), Burmese လှိုင်း (hluing:, wave; to abound; plentiful).
Compare (OC *laŋs, “(of rivers) long”), (OC *laŋs, “waves; (of rivers) long”).
"vast expanse of flat land"
The same word as (OC *laŋ), which is a variant of (OC *laːʔ, “plain”), used in たいらようひら (píngyáng, “flat land”) and many place names in which (yáng) does not seem to mean "south side of mountain or north side of river" (Pan, 2016). It is also the same word as (yáng), used in place names. Cognate with なみ (làng), (lǎng), (làng) used in place names.

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • iûⁿ/iôⁿ - vernacular;
  • iông/iâng - literary.
Note:
  • ion5/iên5 - vernacular (iên5 - Chaozhou);
  • iang5 - literary.
Note: 2ghan, 6ghan - alternative pronunciation, ようよう.

Rime
Character よう
Reading # 1/2
Initial (こえ) (36)
Final (いん) (105)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (ひらきあい) Open
Division (ひとし) III
Fanqie あずかあきらきり
Baxter yang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/jɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/jiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/iɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/jɨaŋ/
Li
Rong
/iaŋ/
Wang
Li
/jĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/i̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yáng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
joeng4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character よう
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yáng
Middle
Chinese
‹ yang ›
Old
Chinese
/*ɢ(r)aŋ/
English "great expanse of water"

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character よう
Reading # 2/2
No. 14536
Phonetic
component
ひつじ
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*laŋ/

Definitions

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よう

  1. multitudinous; vast
  2. ocean; vast area of sea; great expanse of water
    太平たいへいよう  ―  Tàipíngyáng  ―  the Pacific Ocean
  3. overseas; foreign; western; imported
    ようひと  ―  yángrén  ―  foreigner (especially a westerner or Caucasian)
    ようようねぎ  ―  yángcōng  ―  onion (literally, “Western green onion”)
  4. modern; stylish; fashionable
  5. novel; unusual
  6. (historical or Shanghainese) foreign money; dollar (Classifier: せきただ w)
    ばちわがさんせきよう [Shanghainese, trad.]
    わがさんただよう [Shanghainese, simp.]
    From: 2007, Qian Nairong, 上海しゃんはい话大词典, page 29
    7peq 6ngu 1se-tsaq 6yan [Wugniu]
    Give me three dollars.
  7. (Min, Hakka, often in place names) plain; flatland
  8. (historical) A river in southern Shaanxi, China
  9. a surname

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (よう):
  • Japanese: よう(よう) ()
  • Korean: 양(よう) (yang)
  • Vietnamese: dương (よう)

Others:

Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character よう
Reading # 2/2
Initial (こえ) よこしま (17)
Final (いん) (105)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (ひらきあい) Open
Division (ひとし) III
Fanqie ひつじきり
Baxter zjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/zɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ziɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ziɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/zɨaŋ/
Li
Rong
/ziaŋ/
Wang
Li
/zĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/zi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xiáng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
coeng4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character よう
Reading # 1/2
No. 14525
Phonetic
component
ひつじ
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
しょう
Old
Chinese
/*ljaŋ/

Definitions

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よう

  1. Alternative form of しょう (xiáng, to soar; wing; side)
  2. Alternative form of さち (xiáng, good fortune; to bless)
  3. Alternative form of さち (xiáng, gentle; tender)
  4. Alternative name for わたるかわわたるかわ (“Mi River in Shandong”).
  5. (しゅう) Yang Prefecture (an ancient prefecture of Shaanxi, China)

Pronunciation 3

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Definitions

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よう

  1. Only used in 洋洋ようよう, alternative form of やしなえやしなえ养养 (worried; anxious)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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よう

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. ocean
  2. foreign country
  3. the West
  4. vast, wide

Readings

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From Middle Chinese よう (MC yang, “ocean, West”):

From Middle Chinese よう (MC zjang, “Mi River”):

Native Japanese readings:

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
よう
よう
Grade: 3
on'yomi

/jɨau//jɔː//joː/

From Middle Chinese よう (MC yang). Compare modern Mandarin よう (yáng).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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よう(よう) (やう (yau)?

  1. an ocean
  2. (by extension, from the sense of across the ocean) the East (Orient) or especially the West (Occident)
Derived terms
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Idioms
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Proper noun

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よう(よう) (やう (yau)?

  1. a surname
  2. a male or female given name

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
よう
なだ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[2]

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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よう(なだ) (nada

  1. Alternative spelling of なだ (nada): the open sea

Proper noun

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よう(なだ) (Nada

  1. a surname

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
よう
ひろし
Grade: 3
irregular

Nominalization of the 終止しゅうしがた (shūshikei, terminal form) of classical adjective ひろ (hiroshi), modern ひろ (hiroi, vast, wide).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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よう(ひろし) (Hiroshi

  1. a surname
  2. a male or female given name

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^
    c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 17, poem 3893:
    , text here

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese よう (MC yang). Recorded as Middle Korean 야ᇰ (yang) (Yale: yang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙くんもうかい / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

よう (eumhun 바다 (keun bada yang))

  1. hanja form? of (ocean; western)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさけい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅうけいきた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子でんし字典じてん. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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よう: Hán Nôm readings: dương

  1. chữ Hán form of dương (ocean).