豺

See also: 犲

豺 U+8C7A, 豺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8C7A ← 豹ひょう [U+8C79] CJK Unified Ideographs 豻 → [U+8C7B]

Translingual

Han character

豺 (Kangxi radical 153, 豸+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月つき竹ちく木き竹ちく (BHDH), four-corner 2420₀, composition ⿰豸才ざい)

Derived characters

• 𡺵

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1200, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36500
• Dae Jaweon: page 1662, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3908, character 4
• Unihan data for U+8C7A

Chinese

simp. and trad.		豺
alternative forms		犲 𧆯

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (才ざい) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
茬	*zraː, *zraːʔ, *ʔsrɯ, *zrɯ
材ざい	*zlɯː
才ざい	*zlɯː, *zlɯːs
財ざい	*zlɯː
鼒	*zlɯː, *ʔslɯ
在ざい	*zlɯːʔ, *zlɯːs
豺	*zrɯː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *zrɯː) : semantic 豸 (“creature”) + phonetic 才ざい (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “link with Manchu "jar'hu"?”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): chái (chai²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄞˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cai²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): caai⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): cai³

• Gan (Wiktionary): cai²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sài

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sai²

• Jin (Wiktionary): cai¹
• Northern Min (KCR): cǎi
• Eastern Min (BUC): chài
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): châi / chhâi / siâ / siâⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cai⁵ / sai⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶za
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zai²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chái
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄞˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chái
    • Wade–Giles: chʻai²
    • Yale: chái
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chair
    • Palladius: чай (čaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: cai²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cai
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: caai⁴
    • Yale: chàaih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: cai⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːi̯²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: cai³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: cai²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai²⁴/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sài
    • Hakka Romanization System: sai^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sai²
    • Sinological IPA: /sai̯¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sai²
    • Sinological IPA: /saɪ¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: cai¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰai¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǎi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chài
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: châi
    • Tâi-lô: tsâi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zaai
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sai²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sai¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhâi
    • Tâi-lô: tshâi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhaai
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sʰai²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰai¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰai²³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâ
    • Tâi-lô: siâ
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siaa
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /sia²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sia¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: siânn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sviaa
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siã¹³/

Note:

• Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
  • châi/chhâi - literary;
  • siâ - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: cai⁵ / sai⁶
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshâi / săi
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai⁵⁵/, /sai³⁵/

Note:

• cai5 - literary;
• sai6 - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶za
    • MiniDict: za^去さ
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³za
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /za²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: zai²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai̯¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzreaj

Rime
Character	豺
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	崇たかし (20)
Final (韻いん)	皆みな (33)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open
Division (等ひとし)	II
Fanqie	士し皆みな切きり
Baxter	dzreaj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒˠɛi/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐᵚæi/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒɐi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐəɨj/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒɛi/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒɐi/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱăi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chái
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caai4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤrə/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zrɯː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	豺
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chái
Middle Chinese	‹ dzreaj ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁrə/
English	wolf
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	豺
Reading #	1/1
No.	1066
Phonetic component	才ざい
Rime group	之これ
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	豺
Old Chinese	/*zrɯː/

Definitions

豺

豺

1. dhole (Cuon alpinus)

   • 豺祭まつり獸しし，然しか後のち田た獵りょう。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     豺祭まつり兽，然しか后きさき田た猎。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Chái jì shòu, ránhòu tiánliè. [Pinyin]

     When the dhole sacrificed its prey, the hunting commenced.

   豺狼おおかみ  ―  cháiláng  ―  the dhole and the wolf

   豺狗いぬ  ―  cháigǒu  ―  dhole

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 豺 (“dhole”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		豺
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		豺, 豺狗
Taxonomic name		豺
Northeastern Mandarin	Harbin	棒ぼう子こ狗いぬ
Lanyin Mandarin	Lanzhou	豺狼さいろう子こ, 豺狗子こ
Gan	Nanchang	豺狗
	Pingxiang	豺狗
Hakka	Meixian	豺狗
	Yudu	豺狗
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	豺狗
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	豺狗
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	豺狗
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	豺狗
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	豺狗
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	豺狗
Huizhou	Jixi	豺狗
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	豺
Southern Min	Xiamen	豺狗
	Jinjiang	山やま狗いぬ
	Zhangzhou	山やま狗いぬ, 豺狗
Wu	Ningbo	豺狗
	Wenzhou	豺狗
Xiang	Changsha	豺狗子こ
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	豺狗

Usage notes

This canid is often misidentified as a jackal (胡えびす狼おおかみ) or a wolf (狼おおかみ) by English translators (Schafer, 1991). Chinese translators also often use 豺 to translate "jackal".

Compounds

• 投とう畀豺虎とら (tóubìcháihǔ)
• 虎とら豹ひょう豺狼さいろう (hǔbàocháiláng)
• 虺豺 (huǐchái)
• 蜂はち目め豺聲／蜂はち目め豺声 (fēngmùcháishēng)
• 豺兕 (cháisì)
• 豺心
• 豺武
• 豺漆
• 豺牙 (cháiyá)
• 豺狗 (cháigǒu)
• 豺狼さいろう (cháiláng)
• 豺狼さいろう塞ふさが路みち
• 豺狼さいろう成なり性せい
• 豺狼さいろう橫道よこみち／豺狼さいろう横道よこみち
• 豺狼さいろう當とう塗ぬり／豺狼さいろう当とう涂
• 豺狼さいろう當路とうろ／豺狼さいろう当路とうろ
• 豺狼さいろう當とう道みち／豺狼さいろう当とう道みち (cháilángdāngdào)
• 豺狼さいろう虎とら豹ひょう (cháilánghǔbào)
• 豺狼さいろう野心やしん
• 豺獺／豺獭 (cháitǎ)
• 豺目
• 豺祭
• 豺節／豺节
• 豺羹 (cháigēng)
• 豺羽
• 豺聲／豺声
• 豺舅
• 豺虎 (cháihǔ)
• 豺虎窟くつ
• 豺虎肆虐
• 豺虺
• 豺豕
• 豺貙／豺䝙
• 豺貪／豺贪
• 豺遘
• 豺鼠子こ
• 金きむ豺 (jīnchái)
• 隆りゅう豺
• 騰あが豺／腾豺
• 骨ほね瘦如豺 (gǔshòurúchái)
• 鳶とんび肩かた豺目／鸢肩豺目 (yuānjiān cháimù)
• 鼠ねずみ豺

 

Japanese

Kanji

豺

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: ぜ (ze)
• Kan-on: さい (sai)
• Kun: やまいぬ (yamainu)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 豺 (MC dzreaj). Recorded as Middle Korean 𧲣/싀 (suy) (Yale: suy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙くんもう字じ會かい / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

豺 (eumhun 승냥이 시 (seungnyang'i si))

1. hanja form^? of 시 (“dhole”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 시랑 (豺狼さいろう, sirang)
• 시호 (豺虎, siho)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

豺: Hán Việt readings: sài (牀ゆか(sàng)皆みな(giai)切きり(thiết))
豺: Nôm readings: sài, rài

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

Compounds

• 豺狼さいろう (sài lang)