硬
See also: 峺
|
Translingual
editStroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 831, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24230
- Dae Jaweon: page 1247, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2432, character 6
- Unihan data for U+786C
Chinese
editsimp. and trad. |
||
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 鞕 |
Glyph origin
editOld Chinese | |
---|---|
*kraːŋ, *kraːŋs | |
*kraːŋ | |
埂 | *kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ |
浭 | *kraːŋ |
稉 | *kraːŋ |
梗 | *kraːŋʔ |
哽 | *kraːŋʔ |
綆 | *kraːŋʔ |
鯁 | *kraːŋʔ |
挭 | *kraːŋʔ |
骾 | *kraːŋʔ |
郠 | *kraːŋʔ |
*ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs | |
鞕 | *ŋɡraːŋs |
*pqraŋʔ | |
炳 | *praŋʔ |
邴 | *praŋʔ, *praŋs |
怲 | *praŋʔ, *praŋs |
苪 | *praŋʔ |
蛃 | *praŋʔ |
昺 | *praŋʔ |
昞 | *praŋʔ |
窉 | *praŋʔ |
*praŋʔ, *praŋs | |
鈵 | *praŋs |
寎 | *praŋs |
*braŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ngen4
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): ēn
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): нин (nin, III)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ngang5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ning3
- Northern Min (KCR): ngāing
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngâing
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6ngan
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ngen5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yìng
- Wade–Giles: ying4
- Yale: yìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yinq
- Palladius: ин (in)
- Sinological IPA (key): /iŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ngen4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ngen
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋən²¹³/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: ēn
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): en4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ə̃⁴⁴/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: нин (nin, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /niŋ⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngaang6 / ngaang6-2
- Yale: ngaahng / ngáang
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaang6 / ngaang6-2
- Guangdong Romanization: ngang6 / ngang6-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaːŋ²²/, /ŋaːŋ²²⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: ngaang6-2 - alternative pronunciation for "certainly".
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ngang5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡaŋ³²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ngang5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaŋ¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngang
- Hakka Romanization System: ngang
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngang4
- Sinological IPA: /ŋaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ning3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /nĩŋ⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngāing
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngâing
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaiŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngī
- Tâi-lô: ngī
- Phofsit Daibuun: ngi
- IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /ŋĩ²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /ŋĩ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngǐ
- Tâi-lô: ngǐ
- IPA (Lukang): /ŋĩ³³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋĩ²²/
- IPA (Philippines): /ŋi³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngē
- Tâi-lô: ngē
- Phofsit Daibuun: nge
- IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /ŋẽ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gēng
- Tâi-lô: gīng
- Phofsit Daibuun: geng
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡiɪŋ³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡiɪŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gěng
- Tâi-lô: gǐng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiɪŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
Note:
- ngī/ngǐ/ngēe/ngē - vernacular;
- gēng/gěng - literary.
Note:
- nge6 - vernacular;
- ngeng7 - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /iŋ⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /iŋ⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /iŋ⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /iŋ²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /iŋ⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /əŋ³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /niŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /ȵiə̃²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /iŋ¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ȵĩn¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ȵiŋ²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /ŋən³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /ŋən¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /ŋen²¹³/ /in²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /ə̃²¹²/ | |
Nanjing | /ən⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /ʐən⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /niəŋ⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | /ȵiŋ³⁵/ /ȵie̞³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /nĩŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ŋã²³/ |
Suzhou | /ŋã³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /ŋɑŋ¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ŋiɛ²²/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ŋʌ̃³²⁴/ /ŋɛ²²/ |
Tunxi | /ȵiɛ¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ŋən¹¹/ |
Xiangtan | /ŋən²¹/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ŋɑŋ²¹/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /ŋaŋ⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | /ŋɑŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ŋaŋ²²/ |
Nanning | /ŋaŋ²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /ŋaŋ²²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /giŋ²²/ /ŋi²²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋaiŋ²⁴²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ŋaiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /ŋẽ³⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ŋɛ³³/ |
- Middle Chinese: ngeangH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɡraːŋs/
Definitions
edit- hard (resistant to pressure)
- tough; strong; firm
- good (in terms of quality or ability)
- stiff; inflexible
- obstinately; forcibly; resolutely
- (slang) to become hard; to have an erection
- (Cantonese, Teochew) certainly; definitely; of course
Synonyms
edit- (hard):
Dialectal synonyms of 硬 (“hard”) [map]
Antonyms
editCompounds
edit- 僵硬 (jiāngyìng)
冷 硬 剛 板 硬 正 /刚板硬 正 剛 硬 /刚硬動脈 硬化 /动脉硬化 (dòngmài yìnghuà)口 硬 命 硬 嘴 硬 (zuǐyìng)堅 硬 /坚硬 (jiānyìng)強弓 硬 弩 /强弓 硬 弩 (qiáng gōng yìng nǔ)強硬 /强硬 (qiángyìng)強硬 手段 /强硬 手段 心 硬 (xīnyìng)心 高 氣 硬 /心 高 气硬- 怕硬欺軟/怕硬欺软
- 扶同
硬 證 /扶同硬 证 拉 硬 屎拉 硬 弓 - 撐硬
船 兒 /撑硬船 儿 服 硬 - 欺軟怕硬/欺软怕硬 (qīruǎnpàyìng)
死 硬 (sǐyìng)死 硬派 生 奪 硬 搶/生 夺硬抢生 拉 硬 拽 (shēng lā yìng zhuài)生 搬硬套 (shēngbānyìngtào)生硬 (shēngyìng)- 瘦硬
直 偷硬取 硬 仗 (yìngzhàng)硬 來 /硬 来 硬化 (yìnghuà)硬 取 硬 喫/硬 吃 硬 實 /硬 实硬 專 家 /硬 专家硬 山 硬 席 (yìngxí)硬 幣 /硬 币 (yìngbì)硬 幹 /硬 干 硬度 (yìngdù)硬式 棒 球 硬式 網 球 /硬式 网球硬 弓 硬 弩 強弓 /硬 弩 强弓 硬 彩 硬性 (yìngxìng)硬性 規定 /硬性 规定硬 手 硬 挺 (yìngtǐng)硬 掙/硬 挣硬 撐/硬 撑硬 撅撅硬 文學 /硬 文学 硬 是 (yìngshì)硬 是 要 得 硬 朗 硬 木 (yìngmù)硬 札 硬 棒 硬 橡 皮 硬 殼 /硬 壳 (yìngké)硬 氣 /硬 气 (yìngqi)硬水 (yìngshuǐ)硬派 (yìngpài)硬 漢 /硬 汉 (yìnghàn)硬 煤 硬玉 (yìngyù)硬 玻璃 硬 生生 (yìngshēngshēng)硬 病 硬 石膏 (yìngshígāo)硬 碰硬 (yìngpèngyìng)硬 碟 (yìngdié)硬 科學 /硬 科学 (yìngkēxué)硬 結 /硬 结硬 繃繃/硬 绷绷 (yìngbēngbēng)硬 肥 皂硬 脂 硬 脂 酸 (yìngzhīsuān)硬 脾氣/硬 脾气硬 腳/硬 脚 硬 腦膜 /硬 脑膜 (yìngnǎomó)硬膏 硬 著 頭皮 /硬 着 头皮 (yìngzhe tóupí)硬 裡 子 /硬 里子 硬 要 (yìngyào)硬 話 /硬 话硬 語 盤 空 /硬 语盘空 硬質 合金 /硬 质合金 硬 邦 邦 (yìngbāngbāng)硬 鋼 /硬 钢硬 闖/硬 闯硬 頁岩 /硬 页岩硬 領 /硬 领硬 頭 硬 腦 /硬 头硬脑硬 顎 /硬 颚 (yìng'è)硬骨 頭 /硬骨 头硬骨魚 /硬骨 鱼硬骨魚 綱 /硬骨 鱼纲硬 體 /硬 体 (yìngtǐ)硬 麵/硬 面 硬 黃 /硬 黄 粗 硬 - 翅膀
硬 (chìbǎng yìng) 肝 硬化 症 腰板 脖硬- 腳硬/
脚 硬 腰 裡 硬 /腰 里 硬 腰 頭 硬 /腰 头硬- 臉硬/脸硬
血管 硬化 (xuèguǎn yìnghuà)- 軟硬
不 吃 /软硬不 吃 - 軟硬
兼 施 /软硬兼 施 (ruǎn-yìng jiānshī) 過 硬 /过硬 (guòyìng)酒 硬 骨 頭 硬 /骨 头硬
References
edit- “
硬 ”, in漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
editKanji
edit- Solid, hard, firm.
Readings
editCompounds
editKorean
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kjʌ̹ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [경]
Hanja
editVietnamese
editHan character
edit- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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硬 - Chinese slang
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