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硬 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Wiktionary

硬かた

See also: 峺
硬かた U+786C, 硬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-786C
← 硫
[U+786B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 硭 →
[U+786D]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 

Han character

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硬かた (Kangxi radical 112, 石いし+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一口ひとくち一いち中大ちゅうだい (MRMLK), four-corner 11646, composition ⿰石いし更さら)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 831, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24230
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1247, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2432, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+786C

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 硬かた
alternative forms 鞕

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (丙へい) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
更さら *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs
粳うるち *kraːŋ
埂 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ
浭 *kraːŋ
稉 *kraːŋ
梗 *kraːŋʔ
哽 *kraːŋʔ
綆 *kraːŋʔ
鯁 *kraːŋʔ
挭 *kraːŋʔ
骾 *kraːŋʔ
郠 *kraːŋʔ
硬かた *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs
鞕 *ŋɡraːŋs
丙へい *pqraŋʔ
炳 *praŋʔ
邴 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
怲 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
苪 *praŋʔ
蛃 *praŋʔ
昺 *praŋʔ
昞 *praŋʔ
窉 *praŋʔ
柄え *praŋʔ, *praŋs
鈵 *praŋs
寎 *praŋs
病やまい *braŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs) : semantic 石いし + phonetic 更さら (OC *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs).

Pronunciation

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Note: ngaang6-2 - alternative pronunciation for "certainly".
Note:
  • ngī/ngǐ/ngēe/ngē - vernacular;
  • gēng/gěng - literary.
Note:
  • nge6 - vernacular;
  • ngeng7 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 硬かた
Mandarin Beijing /iŋ⁵¹/
Harbin /iŋ⁵³/
Tianjin /iŋ⁵³/
Jinan /iŋ²¹/
Qingdao /iŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /əŋ³¹²/
Xi'an /niŋ⁴⁴/
Xining /ȵiə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /iŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /ȵĩn¹³/
Ürümqi /ȵiŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /ŋən³⁵/
Chengdu /ŋən¹³/
Guiyang /ŋen²¹³/
/in²¹³/ 新しん,少すくな
Kunming /ə̃²¹²/
Nanjing /ən⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʐən⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /niəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ȵiŋ³⁵/
/ȵie̞³⁵/
Hohhot /nĩŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ŋã²³/
Suzhou /ŋã³¹/
Hangzhou /ŋɑŋ¹³/
Wenzhou /ŋiɛ²²/
Hui Shexian /ŋʌ̃³²⁴/
/ŋɛ²²/
Tunxi /ȵiɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ŋən¹¹/
Xiangtan /ŋən²¹/
Gan Nanchang /ŋɑŋ²¹/
Hakka Meixian /ŋaŋ⁵³/
Taoyuan /ŋɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ŋaŋ²²/
Nanning /ŋaŋ²²/
Hong Kong /ŋaŋ²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /giŋ²²/
/ŋi²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋaiŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋaiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /ŋẽ³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ŋɛ³³/
Rime
Character 硬かた
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 疑うたぐ (31)
Final (韻いん) 耕こう (117)
Tone (調しらべ) Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) II
Fanqie 五ご爭そう切きり
Baxter ngeangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋˠɛŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋᵚæŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋɐŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋəɨjŋH/
Li
Rong 		/ŋɛŋH/
Wang
Li 		/ŋæŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋæŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		èng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ngang6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 硬かた 硬かた
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 880 881
Phonetic
component 		丙へい 丙へい
Rime
group 		陽ひ 陽ひ
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		鞕
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋɡraːŋs/ /*ŋɡraːŋs/
Notes 見み傷きず寒さむ論ろん 同どう鞕，王おう韻いん五ご孟はじめ反はん

Definitions

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硬かた

  1. hard (resistant to pressure)
  2. tough; strong; firm
  3. good (in terms of quality or ability)
  4. stiff; inflexible
  5. obstinately; forcibly; resolutely
  6. (slang) to become hard; to have an erection
  7. (Cantonese, Teochew) certainly; definitely; of course

Synonyms

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  • (hard):
Dialectal synonyms of 硬かた (“hard”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 硬かた
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 硬かた
Taiwan 硬かた
Harbin 硬かた
Singapore 硬かた
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 硬かた
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 硬かた
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 硬かた
Xi'an 硬かた
Xining 硬かた
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 硬かた
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 硬かた
Lanzhou 硬かた
Ürümqi 硬かた
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 硬かた
Wuhan 硬かた
Guiyang 硬かた奏そう, 硬かた
Guilin 硬かた
Liuzhou 硬かた
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 硬かた
Yangzhou 硬かた
Hefei 硬かた
Cantonese Guangzhou 硬かた
Hong Kong 硬かた
Taishan 硬かた
Dongguan 硬かた
Yangjiang 硬かた
Singapore (Guangfu) 硬かた
Gan Nanchang 硬かた
Lichuan 硬かた
Pingxiang 硬かた
Hakka Meixian 硬かた
Yudu 硬かた
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 硬かた
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 硬かた
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 硬かた
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 硬かた
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 硬かた
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 丁ちょう
Huizhou Jixi 硬かた
Jin Taiyuan 硬かた
Xinzhou 硬かた
Northern Min Jian'ou 硬かた
Eastern Min Fuzhou 硬かた, 𠕇
Southern Min Xiamen 硬かた, 𠕇
Quanzhou 硬かた, 𠕇
Zhangzhou 硬かた, 𠕇
Taipei 𠕇, 硬かた
New Taipei (Sanxia) 𠕇, 硬かた
Kaohsiung 𠕇, 硬かた
Yilan 𠕇, 硬かた
Changhua (Lukang) 𠕇, 硬かた
Taichung 𠕇
Tainan 𠕇, 硬かた
Hsinchu 𠕇
Kinmen 𠕇
Penghu (Magong) 𠕇
Singapore (Hokkien) 𠕇, 硬かた
Manila (Hokkien) 𠕇, 硬かた
Chaozhou 硬かた, 𠕇
Shantou (Chaoyang) 𠕇
Singapore (Teochew) 𠕇
Leizhou 𠕇
Wenchang 𠕇
Haikou 硬かた, 𠕇
Singapore (Hainanese) 硬かた
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 硬かた
Wu Shanghai 硬かた
Shanghai (Chongming) 硬かた
Suzhou 硬かた
Danyang 硬かた
Hangzhou 硬かた
Ningbo 硬かた
Wenzhou 硬かた
Jinhua 硬かた
Xiang Changsha 硬かた
Loudi 硬かた
Shuangfeng 硬かた

Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of “hard”): 軟／软 (ruǎn)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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硬かた

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. Solid, hard, firm.

Readings

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Compounds

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Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

硬かた (eumhun 굳을 경 (gudeul gyeong))

  1. hanja form? of 경 (“harden, stiffen”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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硬かた: Hán Nôm readings: ngạnh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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