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Quan Huijie

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In this Chinese name, the family name is Quan.
Quan Huijie
全ちょん惠めぐみ解かい
Empress consort of Eastern Wu
Tenure16 February 253[1] – November 258
PredecessorEmpress Pan
SuccessorEmpress Jing
Born244
Hangzhou, Zhejiang
Diedc.early 300s
SpouseSun Liang
FatherQuan Shang

Empress Quan (244[a] – c.early 300s), also known as Quan Huijie,[3] was an empress of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. She was married to Sun Liang, the second emperor of Wu.

Life[edit]

Lady Quan was a daughter of Quan Shang (全ちょん尚しょう). Her mother was a daughter of Sun Gong, the grandson of Sun Jing. Her relative Quan Cong married Sun Luban, a daughter of Wu's founding emperor Sun Quan. When she was young, she looked pretty and was favoured by Sun Luban.[3] Every time Sun Luban entered the palace, she took Lady Quan to visit her father. When a succession struggle between Sun Quan's sons Sun He and Sun Ba was ongoing, Sun Luban, who had a feud with Sun He's mother, urged her father to arrange a marriage between Lady Quan and Sun Liang (another of Sun Quan's sons born to Lady Pan) because Sun Liang and his mother were becoming increasingly favoured by Sun Quan. Around 250, the succession struggle between Sun He and Sun Ba concluded when Sun Quan deposed Sun He from his position as crown prince and forced Sun Ba to commit suicide. Sun Liang was designated as the new heir apparent to the Wu throne.[4]

In May 252, Sun Liang ascended the throne upon the death of his father. On 16 February 253, he instated Lady Quan as the empress. Following that, Empress Quan's family and relatives rose to power as six members of the Quan clan (including Quan Shang) were enfeoffed as marquises and assumed high offices in the Wu government and military forces. This was regarded as a phenomenon because since the founding of Wu in 229, there had never been a case of the consort kin (relatives of the emperor's wives) playing prominent roles in the Wu political scene. In 257, when Zhuge Dan (a general from Wu's rival state Cao Wei) started a rebellion in the Wei-controlled Shouchun (壽ことぶき春はる; around present-day Shou County, Anhui), he requested help from Wu so Sun Liang ordered the Quans to lead troops to Shouchun to assist Zhuge Dan. However, the rebellion was suppressed by Wei forces and Zhuge Dan was killed, while four of the Quans surrendered and defected to Wei, thereafter the Quans' influence in Wu weakened drastically.[5]

In November 258, Sun Liang was deposed from the throne by Sun Chen, a distant relative of the Wu imperial family who rose to power in the 250s and became the regent of Wu. Sun Liang became known as the "Prince of Kuaiji" after his dethronement while Empress Quan also lost her place as the empress. In 260, Sun Liang's elder half-brother and successor, Sun Xiu (who eliminated Sun Chen after ascending the throne in 258) further demoted Sun Liang to "Marquis of Houguan" and sent Sun Liang to his marquisate in Houguan County (around present-day Fuzhou, Fujian). Lady Quan accompanied Sun Liang to Houguan County and settled there.[6] She returned to the Wu capital Jianye (建けん業ぎょう; present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu) after Wu was vanquished in 280 by forces of the Jin dynasty. She died sometime in the Yongning era (301–303) of the reign of Emperor Hui of Jin.[3]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ The Yong'an Biji (庸いさお庵あん笔记) mentioned that Quan Huijie was 10 years old (by East Asian age reckoning) when she became empress in Feb 253. Her year of birth should therefore be 244. However, the Biji also indicated that Lady Quan was 18 (by East Asian reckoning) when Sun Liang died (in 260)[2].

References[edit]

  1. ^ bingyin day of the 1st month of the 2nd year of Sun Liang's reign, per Sun Liang's biography in Sanguozhi
  2. ^ (夫人ふじん錢ぜに唐人とうじん，諱いみな惠めぐみ解かい，十じゅう歲さい立りつ為ため吳くれ皇后こうごう。吳ご主しゅ既すんで廢はい，貶號夫人ふじん，年ねん十じゅう八はち而廢主ぬし卒そつ，崎さき嶇權臣けんしん劇げき寇之間あいだ，卒そつ能のう保身ほしん完かん節ぶし，時じ議ぎ憐之。) Yong'an Biji vol. 5.
  3. ^ a b c (吳くれ錄ろく曰：亮あきら妻つま惠めぐみ解かい有ゆう容色ようしょく，居候いそうろう官かん，吳ご平ひら乃歸，永えい寧やすし中卒ちゅうそつ。) Wu Lu annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 50.
  4. ^ (孫まご亮あきら全ぜん夫人ふじん，全ぜん尚なお女じょ也。尚なお從したがえ祖母そぼ公主こうしゅ愛あい之の，每まい進すすむ見み輒與俱。及潘夫人ふじん母子ぼし有ゆう寵ちょう，全ぜん主おも自じ以與孫まご和わ母はは有ゆう隙すき，乃勸權けん為ため潘はん氏し男おとこ亮あきら納おさめ夫人ふじん，亮あきら遂とげ為ため嗣。) Sanguozhi vol. 50.
  5. ^ (夫人ふじん立りつ為ため皇后こうごう，以尚為ため城門じょうもん校こう尉じょう，封ふう都と亭ちん侯こう，代だい滕胤為ため太ふと常つね、衞まもる將軍しょうぐん，進しん封ふう永なが平たいら侯こう，錄ろく尚書しょうしょ事ごと。時とき全あきら氏し侯こう有ゆう五ご人にん，並なみ典てん兵馬へいば，其餘為ため侍さむらい郎ろう、騎き都と尉じょう，宿衞しゅくえい左右さゆう，自じ吳くれ興きょう，外戚がいせき貴き盛もり莫及。及魏大將たいしょう諸しょ葛かずら誕以壽ことぶき春來はるき附ふ，而全懌、全ぜん端はし、全ぜん煒、全ぜん儀ぎ等とう並なみ因いん此際降くだ魏ぎ，全ぜん熈謀泄見殺ころせ，由ゆかり是ぜ諸しょ全ぜん衰弱すいじゃく。) Sanguozhi vol. 50.
  6. ^ (會かい孫まご綝廢亮あきら為ため會かい稽王，後ご又また黜為候こう官かん侯こう，夫人ふじん隨ずい之の國くに，居候いそうろう官かん，尚なお將家しょうか屬ぞく徙零陵りょう，追つい見み殺ころせ。) Sanguozhi vol. 50.
Chinese royalty
Preceded by Empress of Eastern Wu
253–258 		Succeeded by
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