困難
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See also: 困 难
Chinese
[edit]distress; sleepy; doze off | disaster; distress; to scold disaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good | ||
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trad. ( |
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simp. ( |
难 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): kwan3 naan4
- Gan (Wiktionary): kun3 lan
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khun-nàn
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄣˋ ˙ㄋㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kùnnån
- Wade–Giles: kʻun4-nan5
- Yale: kwùn-nan
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuenn.nan
- Palladius: куньнань (kunʹnanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄋㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kùnnán
- Wade–Giles: kʻun4-nan2
- Yale: kwùn-nán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuennnan
- Palladius: куньнань (kunʹnanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: kwan3 naan4
- Yale: kwan nàahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: kwan3 naan4
- Guangdong Romanization: kuen3 nan4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷʰɐn³³ naːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: kun3 lan
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰun²¹³⁻²¹ lan¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khun-nàn
- Hakka Romanization System: kun nanˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kun4 nan2
- Sinological IPA: /kʰun⁵⁵ nan¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: khwonH nan
Adjective
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]- (hard):
- (poor):
厄 (literary, or in compounds)困 乏 (kùnfá) (formal)困 窘 (kùnjiǒng)困窮 /困 穷 (kùnqióng)困苦 (kùnkǔ)困 頓 /困 顿 (kùndùn)宋 凶 (Hokkien)散 (Hokkien)散 凶 (Hokkien)散 赤 (Hokkien)清 苦 (qīngkǔ) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)淡 薄 (dànbó) (literary)清貧 /清 贫 (qīngpín) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)- 㾪赤 (Hokkien)
- 磽/硗 (Teochew)
- 䆀康 (Hokkien)
空 乏 (kòngfá) (literary)- 窄
- 窘促 (jiǒngcù) (literary)
- 窘困 (jiǒngkùn)
- 窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
窮 /穷 (qióng)窮乏 /穷乏 (qióngfá) (literary)窮 困 /穷困 (qióngkùn)窮 㾪/穷㾪 (Hokkien)窮 苦 /穷苦 (qióngkǔ)窮 赤 /穷赤 (Hokkien)艱苦 /艰苦 (Hokkien)苦寒 (kǔhán)貧乏 /贫乏 (pínfá)貧困 /贫困 (pínkùn)貧寒 /贫寒 (pínhán)貧 瘠 /贫瘠 (pínjí) (literary)貧窮 /贫穷 (pínqióng)貧苦 /贫苦 (pínkǔ)
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “difficult”):
容易 (róngyì)
Noun
[edit]- difficulty; challenge; dire straits; hardships
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
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こん Grade: 6 |
なん Grade: 6 |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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Adjective
[edit]Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 困難
Stem forms | |||
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Imperfective ( |
こんなんだろ | konnan daro | |
Continuative ( |
こんなんで | konnan de | |
Terminal ( |
こんなんだ | konnan da | |
Attributive ( |
こんなんな | konnan na | |
Hypothetical ( |
こんなんなら | konnan nara | |
Imperative ( |
こんなんであれ | konnan de are | |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | こんなんではない こんなんじゃない |
konnan de wa nai konnan ja nai | |
Informal past | こんなんだった | konnan datta | |
Informal negative past | こんなんではなかった こんなんじゃなかった |
konnan de wa nakatta konnan ja nakatta | |
Formal | こんなんです | konnan desu | |
Formal negative | こんなんではありません こんなんじゃありません |
konnan de wa arimasen konnan ja arimasen | |
Formal past | こんなんでした | konnan deshita | |
Formal negative past | こんなんではありませんでした こんなんじゃありませんでした |
konnan de wa arimasen deshita konnan ja arimasen deshita | |
Conjunctive | こんなんで | konnan de | |
Conditional | こんなんなら(ば) | konnan nara (ba) | |
Provisional | こんなんだったら | konnan dattara | |
Volitional | こんなんだろう | konnan darō | |
Adverbial | こんなんに | konnan ni | |
Degree | こんなんさ | konnansa |
Noun
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
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Noun
[edit]- hanja form? of 곤란 (“trouble; difficulty”)
Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
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Adjective
[edit]Interjection
[edit]Categories:
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難 - Mandarin terms with usage examples
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難 read as なん - Japanese terms read with on'yomi
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