厄
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See also: 阨
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]Derived characters
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 160, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2893
- Dae Jaweon: page 367, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 68, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5384
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
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Possibly a Ideogram (
Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as phono-semantic compound (
- ^
季 旭 昇 ,2002《說 文 新 證 .下 冊 》,台北 :藝文 印 書 館 ,2002年 10月 第 1版 。p.72
Etymology 1
[edit]simp. and trad. |
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alternative forms | 戹 阨 𠂬 𭠀 |
Probably related to 嗌 (OC *qleɡ, “throat”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nge2
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ak
- Eastern Min (BUC): áik
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8ngeq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nge6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: è
- Wade–Giles: o4
- Yale: è
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nge2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nge
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɛ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: aak1 / ak1
- Yale: āak / āk
- Cantonese Pinyin: aak7 / ak7
- Guangdong Romanization: ag1 / eg1
- Sinological IPA (key): /aːk̚⁵/, /ɐk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ak2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ak̚⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ak
- Hakka Romanization System: ag`
- Hagfa Pinyim: ag5
- Sinological IPA: /ak̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: áik
- Sinological IPA (key): /aiʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- eh - vernacular;
- iak/ek - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ɤ⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /ɤ⁴⁴/ /nɤ⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /nɤ⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /ŋə⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /ɣə⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ɛ⁵³/ | |
Xi'an | /ŋɤ²¹/ | |
Xining | /ȵi⁴⁴/ /nɛ⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ə¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ɛ¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /kɤ⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /ŋɤ²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /ŋe³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /ŋɛ²¹/ | |
Kunming | /ə³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /əʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /ʐɐʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ɣaʔ²/ |
Pingyao | ||
Hohhot | /ŋaʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ŋəʔ¹/ |
Suzhou | /ŋəʔ³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ʔɑʔ⁵/ | |
Wenzhou | /a²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ŋɛʔ²¹/ |
Tunxi | ||
Xiang | Changsha | /ŋə²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /ŋæ²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | |
Hakka | Meixian | /ak̚¹/ |
Taoyuan | /ɑk̚²²/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ak̚⁵/ |
Nanning | /ŋɐk̚⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /ak̚⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ik̚³²/ /eʔ³²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /aiʔ²³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ŋɛ⁴²/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /eʔ²/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ŋɔk̚⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: 'eak
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*qˤ<r>[i]k/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qreːɡ/
Definitions
[edit]- harrowing; miserable
- disaster; calamity; catastrophe
- adversity; difficulty; distress
- to be stranded
- strategic point
- Alternative form of
軛 /轭 (è, “yoke”)
Synonyms
[edit]- (harrowing):
困 乏 (kùnfá) (formal)困 窘 (kùnjiǒng)困窮 /困 穷 (kùnqióng)困苦 (kùnkǔ)困難 /困 难困 頓 /困 顿 (kùndùn)宋 凶 (Hokkien)散 (Hokkien)散 凶 (Hokkien)散 赤 (Hokkien)清 苦 (qīngkǔ) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)淡 薄 (dànbó) (literary)清貧 /清 贫 (qīngpín) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)- 㾪赤 (Hokkien)
- 磽/硗 (Teochew)
- 䆀康 (Hokkien)
空 乏 (kòngfá) (literary)- 窄
- 窘促 (jiǒngcù) (literary)
- 窘困 (jiǒngkùn)
- 窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
窮 /穷 (qióng)窮乏 /穷乏 (qióngfá) (literary)窮 困 /穷困 (qióngkùn)窮 㾪/穷㾪 (Hokkien)窮 苦 /穷苦 (qióngkǔ)窮 赤 /穷赤 (Hokkien)艱苦 /艰苦 (Hokkien)苦寒 (kǔhán)貧乏 /贫乏 (pínfá)貧困 /贫困 (pínkùn)貧寒 /贫寒 (pínhán)貧 瘠 /贫瘠 (pínjí) (literary)貧窮 /贫穷 (pínqióng)貧苦 /贫苦 (pínkǔ)
- (disaster):
亂 兒 /乱 儿 (luànr) (dialectal)人 禍 /人 祸 (rénhuò) (man-made disaster)劫 (jié) (Buddhism)劫 煞 (Hokkien)劫 難 /劫 难 (jiénàn)大 禍 /大 祸 (dàhuò) (major catastrophe)大難 /大 难 (dànàn) (major catastrophe)天災 /天 灾 (tiānzāi) (natural disaster)央 厄 (yāng'è) (literary)奇禍 /奇 祸 (qíhuò) (literary, unexpected disaster)巨 禍 /巨 祸 (jùhuò) (literary)- 患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
慘事 /惨事 (cǎnshì)慘劇 /惨 剧 (cǎnjù)慘禍 /惨 祸 (cǎnhuò) (tragic accident)沙 𧐔 (sua1 sab4) (Teochew)浩 劫 (hàojié)災 /灾 (zāi) (literary, or in compounds)災 劫 /灾劫 (zāijié) (literary)災厄 /灾厄 (zāi'è) (literary)災害 /灾害 (zāihài)災 殃/灾殃 (zāiyāng)災禍 /灾祸 (zāihuò)災 變 /灾变 (zāibiàn) (literary, natural disaster)災難 /灾难 (zāinàn)癰 疽/痈疽 (yōngjū) (figurative)- 眚沴 (shěnglì) (literary)
禍 /祸 (huò) (literary, or in compounds)禍事 /祸事 (huòshì)禍害 /祸害 (huòhài)禍 息 /祸息 (ho5 si6) (Xiang)禍 患/祸患 (huòhuàn)禍 殃/祸殃 (huòyāng)
- (adversity):
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]simp. and trad. |
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Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄜˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ě
- Wade–Giles: o3
- Yale: ě
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ee
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɤ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: è
- Wade–Giles: o4
- Yale: è
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]- ‡ Used in
科 厄 .
Etymology 3
[edit]simp. and trad. |
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Pronunciation
[edit]- Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): oh4
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: oh4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: oh
- Sinological IPA (key): /oʔ²/
- (Teochew)
Definitions
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: やく (yaku, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: あく (aku)
- On: が (ga)←ぐわ (gwa, historical)
- Kun: やくしむ (yakushimu,
厄 しむ); わざわい (wazawai,厄 い)←わざはひ (wazafafi,厄 ひ, historical); くるしむ (kurushimu,厄 しむ)
Noun
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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やく Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
References
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading あく
- Japanese kanji with on reading が
- Japanese kanji with historical on reading ぐわ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading やく・しむ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading わざわ・い
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading わざは・ひ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading くる・しむ
- Japanese terms spelled with
厄 read as やく - Japanese terms read with on'yomi
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