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U+60A3, 患
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60A3

[U+60A2]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+60A4]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 61, しん+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input ちゅう中心ちゅうしん (LLP), four-corner 50336, composition くししん)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 388, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10691
  • Dae Jaweon: page 721, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2300, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+60A3

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𢠶
𢤒

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい形声けいせい, OC *ɡroːns) : phonetic くし (OC *kroːns, *kʰjons) + semantic しん (heart).

Since Shuowen does not have the character くし, it interprets the character as phonetic (OC *qʰon, *sqʰon, *sɢoŋs) + semantic + semantic しん (heart) – to pierce through something from the heart. Duan Yucai claims in his commentary that older copies of Shuowen actually have phonetic (OC *koːn, *koːns, to pierce through) + semantic しん (heart) instead.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • huam6 - Chaozhou;
  • huang6 - Shantou, Chenghai, Raoping, Puning.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (こえ) くしげ (33)
    Final (いん) (70)
    Tone (調しらべ) Departing (H)
    Openness (ひらきあい) Closed
    Division (ひとし) II
    Fanqie えびすきり
    Baxter hwaenH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ɦˠuanH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɦʷᵚanH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ɣuɐnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ɦwaɨnH/
    Li
    Rong
    /ɣuanH/
    Wang
    Li
    /ɣwanH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ɣwanH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    huàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    waan6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    huàn
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ hwænH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[ɡ]ˁro[n]-s/
    English calamity; distress

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5364
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    もと
    Rime
    subdivision
    3
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ɡroːns/
    Notes ほんしたがえくしこえ

    Definitions

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    1. to contract (an illness); to suffer from; to be afflicted with
    2. disease; illness
    3. to worry; to feel anxious
    4. disaster; calamity; catastrophe
      みず  ―  shuǐhuàn  ―  flood
      ゆう備無ゆう备无  ―  yǒubèiwúhuàn  ―  preparedness averts peril

    Synonyms

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    • (to contract an illness):
    • (disease):
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    • (to worry):
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    • (disaster):
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    Compounds

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    Further reading

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    (Jōyō kanji)

    1. afflicted

    Readings

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    Etymology

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    Kanji in this term
    かん
    Grade: S
    on'yomi

    From Middle Chinese (MC hwaenH).

    Pronunciation

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    Affix

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    (かん) (kanくわん (kwan)?

    1. worry; suffer
    2. afflicted

    Noun

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    (かん) (kanくわん (kwan)?

    1. trouble; worries; pain
    2. illness; sickness

    References

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    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

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    Etymology

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    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

    Pronunciation

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    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 근심 (geunsim hwan))

    1. hanja form? of (worry)

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    : Hán Nôm readings: hoạn

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.