患
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]患 (Kangxi radical 61,
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 388, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10691
- Dae Jaweon: page 721, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2300, character 9
- Unihan data for U+60A3
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
患 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 𢠶 𢤒 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (
Since Shuowen does not have the character
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): hūing
- Eastern Min (BUC): huâng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): huang5 / huong5
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: huàn
- Wade–Giles: huan4
- Yale: hwàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huann
- Palladius: хуань (xuanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu̯än⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: waan6
- Yale: waahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: waan6
- Guangdong Romanization: wan6
- Sinological IPA (key): /waːn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: van5
- Sinological IPA (key): /van³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fam
- Hakka Romanization System: fam
- Hagfa Pinyim: fam4
- Sinological IPA: /fam⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hūing
- Sinological IPA (key): /xuiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: huâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /huɑŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: huang5
- Sinological IPA (key): /huaŋ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: huong5
- Sinological IPA (key): /huoŋ²¹/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- huam6 - Chaozhou;
- huang6 - Shantou, Chenghai, Raoping, Puning.
- Middle Chinese: hwaenH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤro[n]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡroːns/
Definitions
[edit]患
- to contract (an illness); to suffer from; to be afflicted with
- disease; illness
- to worry; to feel anxious
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐ yuē: “Bù huàn rén zhī bù jǐ zhī, huàn bùzhī rén yě.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "I will not be afflicted at men's not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men."
子 曰:「不 患人 之 不 己 知 ,患不知 人 也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- disaster; calamity; catastrophe
Synonyms
[edit]- (to contract an illness):
- (disease):
- (to worry):
- 怕
急 (jí)急 眼 (jíyǎn) (colloquial)恐 怕 (kǒngpà)- 愁 (chóu)
憂 心 /忧心 (yōuxīn)憂慮 /忧虑 (yōulǜ)懸 心 /悬心 (xuánxīn)掛 心 /挂心 (guàxīn)掛 礙/挂碍 (guà'ài)- 揪心 (jiūxīn)
提 心 (tíxīn)- 擔心/担心 (dānxīn)
- 擔憂/担忧 (dānyōu)
燒 心 /烧心 (shāoxīn) (regional or dated)犯 愁 (fànchóu)疑 慮 /疑 虑 (yílǜ)發 急 /发急 (fājí)發 愁/发愁 (fāchóu)發 極 /发极 (7faq 8jiq) (Wu)著 急 /着 急 (zháojí)起 急 (qǐjí) (colloquial)顧慮 /顾虑 (gùlǜ)
- (disaster):
亂 兒 /乱 儿 (luànr) (dialectal)人 禍 /人 祸 (rénhuò) (man-made disaster)劫 (jié) (Buddhism)劫 煞 (Hokkien)劫 難 /劫 难 (jiénàn)厄 (literary, or in compounds)大 禍 /大 祸 (dàhuò) (major catastrophe)大難 /大 难 (dànàn) (major catastrophe)天災 /天 灾 (tiānzāi) (natural disaster)央 厄 (yāng'è) (literary)奇禍 /奇 祸 (qíhuò) (literary, unexpected disaster)巨 禍 /巨 祸 (jùhuò) (literary)慘事 /惨事 (cǎnshì)慘劇 /惨 剧 (cǎnjù)慘禍 /惨 祸 (cǎnhuò) (tragic accident)沙 𧐔 (sua1 sab4) (Teochew)浩 劫 (hàojié)災 /灾 (zāi) (literary, or in compounds)災 劫 /灾劫 (zāijié) (literary)災厄 /灾厄 (zāi'è) (literary)災害 /灾害 (zāihài)災 殃/灾殃 (zāiyāng)災禍 /灾祸 (zāihuò)災 變 /灾变 (zāibiàn) (literary, natural disaster)災難 /灾难 (zāinàn)癰 疽/痈疽 (yōngjū) (figurative)- 眚沴 (shěnglì) (literary)
禍 /祸 (huò) (literary, or in compounds)禍事 /祸事 (huòshì)禍害 /祸害 (huòhài)禍 息 /祸息 (ho5 si6) (Xiang)禍 患/祸患 (huòhuàn)禍 殃/祸殃 (huòyāng)
Compounds
[edit]不 患人 之 患在好 為 人 師 /人 之 患在好 为人师 (rén zhī huàn zài hàowéirénshī)人 滿 為 患/人 满为患 (rénmǎnwéihuàn)- 備嘗
憂患 /备尝忧患 傷 患/伤患- 內患/
内患 - 內憂
外患 /内 忧外患 (nèiyōuwàihuàn) 共 患共 患難/共 患难 (gònghuànnàn)分 憂 共 患/分 忧共患 (fēnyōu gòng huàn)外患 (wàihuàn)- 弭患
- 弭患
無形 /弭患无形 後患 /后 患 (hòuhuàn)後患 無窮 /后 患无穷 (hòuhuànwúqióng)後顧 之 患/后 顾之患心腹 之 患 (xīnfùzhīhuàn)心腹 大患 (xīnfùdàhuàn)心腹 重患 - 患害
- 患得患失 (huàndéhuànshī)
- 患病 (huànbìng)
患者 (huànzhě)- 患苦
- 患處/患处 (huànchù)
- 患難/患难 (huànnàn)
- 患難
之 交/患难之 交 (huànnànzhījiāo) - 患難
夫妻 /患难夫妻 - 患難
相 恤/患难相 恤 - 患難
相 扶/患难相 扶 - 患難
相 死 /患难相 死 - 患難
與 共 /患难与共 (huànnànyǔgòng) - 患難
見 真情 /患难见真情 (huànnàn jiàn zhēnqíng) 慮 患/虑患憂患 /忧患 (yōuhuàn)憂患 意識 /忧患意 识救 災 恤患/救 灾恤患有 備無患/有 备无患 (yǒubèiwúhuàn)未 形 之 患杜絕 後患 /杜 绝后患民 患淡食 水 患 (shuǐhuàn)河 患 (héhuàn)河 魚 之 患/河 鱼之患火 患 (huǒhuàn)災 患/灾患為 民 除 患/为民除 患無 患/无患 (wúhuàn)無患子 /无患子 (wúhuànzǐ)疾患 (jíhuàn)病 患 (bìnghuàn)病 患狀/病 患状禍 患/祸患 (huòhuàn)絕 後患 /绝后患罹患 (líhuàn)肘 腋 之 患腹心 之 患西 患覆 餗之患/覆 𫗧之 患言 出 患入- 辟惡
除 患 邊 患/边患 (biānhuàn)重患 防 患未然 (fánghuànwèirán)除 患興利 /除 患兴利 陽 侯 之 患/阳侯之 患隱 患/隐患 (yǐnhuàn)- 飽經
憂患 /饱经忧患 養 癰 成 患/养痈成 患養 癰 自 患/养痈自 患養 癰 貽患/养痈贻患養 癰 遺 患/养痈遗患養 虎 留 患/养虎留 患養 虎 貽患/养虎贻患養 虎 遺 患/养虎遗患 (yǎnghǔyíhuàn)
Further reading
[edit]- “患”, in
漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014– - 莆田
市 荔城区 档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “患”, in 莆仙方 言文 读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 93.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]- afflicted
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: げん (gen)
- Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
- Kun: わずらう (wazurau,
患 う, Jōyō)、うれえる (ureeru,患 える)、うれい (urei,患 い)
Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
患 |
かん Grade: S |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 患 (MC hwaenH).
Pronunciation
[edit]Affix
[edit]Noun
[edit]References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɸwa̠n]
- Phonetic hangul: [환]
Hanja
[edit]患 (eumhun 근심 환 (geunsim hwan))
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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