外人
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Chinese
[edit]outside; in addition; foreign outside; in addition; foreign; external |
man; person; people | ||
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trad. ( |
|||
simp. #( |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ngoi6 jan4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngoi-ngìn
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gōa-lâng / gōa-lîn / gōa-jîn
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ ㄖㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wàirén
- Wade–Giles: wai4-jên2
- Yale: wài-rén
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wayren
- Palladius: вайжэнь (vajžɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /waɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ngoi6 jan4
- Yale: ngoih yàhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngoi6 jan4
- Guangdong Romanization: ngoi6 yen4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɔːi̯²² jɐn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngoi-ngìn
- Hakka Romanization System: ngoi nginˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngoi4 ngin2
- Sinological IPA: /ŋoi̯⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: ngwajH nyin
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ʷˤa[t]-s ni[ŋ]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷaːds njin/
Noun
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]- (stranger):
- (foreigner):
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “non-family member”):
自己 人 (zìjǐrén)
See also
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
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がい Grade: 2 |
じん Grade: 1 |
on'yomi |
Etymology 1
[edit]/gwaizin/ > /gaizin/ [gaidʑin]. Literally outside person. From the late 19th on also used for foreigners.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (obsolete) outsider; an estranged, unfamiliar person
- 995-999: Fusōshū (volume 9; Gunsho Ruijū volume 8, page 578)
口 畔 懸河 渉 漢 深 。春 杉 拭 盞就花 陰 。外人 傾 耳 猶 添愛、況 是 堂 中 父母 心 。- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 13th century: Heike Monogatari (volume 1, page 123)
- しかるに其恩をわすれて、
外人 もなき所 に兵 具 をとゝのへ、軍兵 をかたらひをき、其營 みの他 は他事 なし。- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 1349: Renri Hishō (page 38)
但 、外人 など上手 おほからむ座 にては、聊 か斟酌 すべし- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1597: Ekirin Setsuyōshū (page 133)
外人 (グワイジン)- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 314:
- Guaijin, グヮイジン(
外人 ) Focano fito. (他 の人 )他国 の人 、すなわち、土着 の人 ではない者 .- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1617: Gennabon Kagakushū (page 73)
外人 (グワイジン)他人 也- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 995-999: Fusōshū (volume 9; Gunsho Ruijū volume 8, page 578)
- (sometimes derogatory) alien, foreigner; especially foreigner in Japan
- 1875:
文明 論 之 概略 (page 18)譬 えば頑固 なる士民 は外国 人 を悪 むを以 て常 とせり。又 学者 流 の人 にても少 しく見識 ある者 は外人 の挙動 を見 て決 して心酔 するに非 ず,之 を悦 ばざるの心 は彼 の頑民に異 なることなしと云 うも可 なり。- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1875:
- (Hawaii) A white person
Usage notes
[edit]Today
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Adjective
Noun
[edit]- an estranged, unfamiliar person
- c. 11th century: Ruiju Myōgishō
外人 ウトキ人 - (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 11th century: Ruiju Myōgishō
References
[edit]- Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
- Fukuzawa, Yukichi (1995) [1875] Bunmeiron no Gairyaku, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- Hanawa, Hokiichi (1960) Gunsho Ruijū, volume 8, Tōkyō: Zoku Gunsho Ruijū Kanseikai
- Kamei, Takashi (1944) [1617] Kagakushū: Gennabon, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten
- Kidō, Saizō with Imoto Nōichi (1961) Iwanami Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Renga Ronshū, Haironshū (in Japanese), Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- Takagi, Ichinosuke with Masao Ozawa, Kaoru Atsumi, Haruhiko Kindaichi (1959) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 32: Heike Monogatari 1 (in Japanese), Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- Tasaka, Junko (1985) [995-999] Fusōshū: Kōhon to Sakuin, Fukuoka: Tōka Shobō
- Fukkoku Nihon Koten Zenshū: Setsuyōshū, Tōkyō: Gendai Shichō Shinsha, 2006 [1597], →ISBN
Anagrams
[edit]人 外 (jingai)
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
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Noun
[edit]Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
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- Old Chinese lemmas
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外 - Chinese terms spelled with
人 - zh:People
- Japanese terms spelled with
外 read as がい - Japanese terms spelled with
人 read as じん - Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
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- Japanese terms historically spelled with ぐゎ
- Japanese terms historically spelled with ゎ
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- ja:People
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