興
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See also: 兴
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1005, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30226
- Dae Jaweon: page 1461, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 253, character 9
- Unihan data for U+8208
Chinese
[edit]trad. | ||
---|---|---|
simp. | 兴 | |
alternative forms | 㒷 𢍯 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hing1
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): héng
- Eastern Min (BUC): hĭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1shin
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sing
- Wade–Giles: hsing1
- Yale: syīng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shing
- Palladius: син (sin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hing1
- Yale: hīng
- Cantonese Pinyin: hing1
- Guangdong Romanization: hing1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hîn
- Hakka Romanization System: hinˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: hin1
- Sinological IPA: /hin²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: héng
- Sinological IPA (key): /xeiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hĭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /hiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ɕiŋ²¹/ | |
Jinan | /ɕiŋ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /ɕiŋ²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ɕiŋ²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /ɕiŋ²¹/ | |
Xining | /ɕiə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /ɕĩn³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /ɕĩ⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /ɕin³¹/ | |
Hefei | /ɕin²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ɕiŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /ɕĩŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɕiŋ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɕin³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ɕaŋ³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ɕiʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /ɕin¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ɕin³³/ |
Xiangtan | /ɕin³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ɕin⁴²/ ~ |
Hakka | Meixian | /hin⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /hin²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /heŋ⁵³/ |
Nanning | /heŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /hiŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hiŋ⁵⁵/ /hin⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xeiŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /heŋ³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /heŋ²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: xing
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰ(r)əŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qʰɯŋ/
Definitions
[edit]- to rise; to get up
- to thrive; to prosper; to flourish
- prosperous; flourishing
- to be popular; to be fashionable
- to start; to build; to establish
- to elect; to promote
- to succeed; to achieve success
- to send; to dispatch; to launch; to mount
- to collect; to recruit
- to do; to perform
- to advocate; to encourage
- to indulge; to spoil
- (dialectal, chiefly in the negative) to allow; to permit
- maybe; perhaps
- (Teochew) lucky; fortunate
- a surname
Descendants
[edit]Compounds
[edit]一言 興 邦 /一言 兴邦 (yīyánxīngbāng)不 作興 /不作 兴不興 /不 兴 (bùxīng)並 興 /并兴 (bìngxīng)中興 /中 兴 (zhōngxīng)事 修 而謗興 ,德 高 而毀來 /事 修 而谤兴,德 高 而毁来 人 扶人興 /人 扶人兴代 興 /代 兴仰 屋 興 嘆/仰 屋 兴叹作興 /作 兴- 偃武
興 文 /偃武兴文 - 僨興/偾兴
光武 中興 /光武 中 兴- 內興
安 嶺 /内 兴安岭 創業 興 家 /创业兴家勃興 /勃兴 (bóxīng)博 興 /博 兴 (Bóxīng)吳 興 縣 /吴兴县嘉 興 /嘉 兴 (Jiāxīng)國家 興亡 ,匹夫 有 責 /国家 兴亡,匹夫 有 责- 夙興/夙兴
- 夙興
夜 寐/夙兴夜 寐 (sùxīngyèmèi) 多難 興 邦 /多 难兴邦 (duōnànxīngbāng)大 興 /大 兴 (dàxīng)大 興 土木 /大 兴土木 (dàxīngtǔmù)大 興 安 嶺 /大 兴安岭 (Dàxīng'ānlǐng)天下 興亡 ,匹夫 有 責 /天下 兴亡,匹夫 有 责 (tiānxià xīngwáng, pǐfū yǒuzé)太平 興國 /太平 兴国 (Tàipíng Xīngguó)太 興 /太 兴- 妖由
人 興 /妖由人 兴 - 姚興/姚兴
宜興 壺 /宜 兴壶宜興 瓷/宜 兴瓷宜興 縣 /宜 兴县家 和 萬事 興 /家 和 万事 兴 (jiā hé wànshì xīng)寶 興 /宝 兴小 興 安 嶺 /小 兴安岭 (Xiǎoxīng'ānlǐng)復興 /复兴 (fùxīng)復興 基地 /复兴基地 復興 崗/复兴岗成敗 興廢 /成 败兴废振興 /振 兴 (zhènxīng)撥 亂 興 治 /拨乱兴治文藝 復興 /文 艺复兴 (Wényì Fùxīng)新興 /新 兴新興 國 /新 兴国方 興 日 盛 /方 兴日盛 方 興 未 艾 /方 兴未艾 (fāngxīngwèi'ài)- 昧旦晨興/昧旦晨兴
時 興 /时兴 (shíxīng)- 晨興
夜 寐/晨兴夜 寐 有 例 不滅 ,無 例 不興 /有 例 不 灭,无例不 兴望 洋 興 歎/望 洋 兴叹 (wàngyángxīngtàn)未 艾 方 興 /未 艾 方 兴歐 洲 復興 計畫 /欧 洲 复兴计画止 戈 興 仁 /止 戈 兴仁民族 復興 運動 /民族 复兴运动治亂 興亡 /治乱 兴亡白 手 興 家 /白 手 兴家 (báishǒuxīngjiā)百 廢 俱興/百 废俱兴 (bǎifèijùxīng)盛衰 興廢 /盛衰 兴废- 睹物
興 悲/睹物兴悲 - 睹物
興 情 /睹物兴情 禍 亂交 興 /祸乱交兴空 興 頭 /空 兴头紹興 /绍兴 (Shàoxīng)紹興 師 爺 /绍兴师爷紹興 縣 /绍兴县紹興酒 /绍兴酒 (Shàoxīngjiǔ)繼 絕 興亡 /继绝兴亡興 中 會 /兴中会 興亡 /兴亡 (xīngwáng)興亡 繼 絕 /兴亡继绝興 仁 /兴仁 (Xīngrén)興作 /兴作興 修 /兴修 (xīngxiū)興 兵 /兴兵 (xīngbīng)興 兵 動 眾/兴兵动众興 凱湖/兴凯湖 (Xīngkǎi Hú)興 利 /兴利興 利 剔弊/兴利剔弊興 利 除 害 /兴利除 害 興 利 除 弊 /兴利除 弊 興 動 /兴动興 化 戲 /兴化戏興和 /兴和興 嗟/兴嗟興 嘆/兴叹 (xīngtàn)興 國安 邦 /兴国安 邦 興奮 /兴奋 (xīngfèn)興奮 劑 /兴奋剂 (xīngfènjì)興 妖作孽/兴妖作 孽興 妖作怪 /兴妖作 怪 興 學 /兴学 (xīngxué)興 安 嶺 /兴安岭 (Xīng'ānlǐng)興 安 省 /兴安省 興 家 立業 /兴家立 业興 工 /兴工 (xīnggōng)興 師 /兴师 (xīngshī)興 席 /兴席興 師 動 眾/兴师动众 (xīngshīdòngzhòng)興 師 問罪 /兴师问罪興 師 見 罪 /兴师见罪興 平 /兴平 (Xīngpíng)興廢 /兴废 (xīngfèi)興廢 存亡 /兴废存亡 興廢 繼 絕 /兴废继绝興 建 /兴建 (xīngjiàn)興 微 繼 絕 /兴微继绝興 心 /兴心興 戎 /兴戎興 文 匽武/兴文匽武興 旺/兴旺 (xīngwàng)興 替 /兴替 (xīngtì)興 滅 繼 絕 /兴灭继绝興 滅 舉廢/兴灭举废興 盛 /兴盛 (xīngshèng)興 築 /兴筑 (xīngzhù)興 華 /兴华 (Xīnghuá)興 衰 /兴衰 (xīngshuāi)興 許 /兴许 (xīngxǔ)興 訟/兴讼興 詞 /兴词興 販/兴贩興起 /兴起興 辦/兴办 (xīngbàn)興 邦 /兴邦 (xīngbāng)興 邦 立國 /兴邦立国 興 都 庫 什山/兴都库什山 興 都 斯坦/兴都斯坦 (Xīngdūsītǎn)興隆 /兴隆 (xīnglóng)興 雲 作 雨 /兴云作 雨 興 雲 作 霧 /兴云作 雾興 雲 吐霧/兴云吐雾興 雲 布 雨 /兴云布 雨 興 雲 致雨/兴云致雨興 革 /兴革興 風 /兴风興 風 作 浪 /兴风作 浪 (xīngfēngzuòlàng)興 騰 /兴腾茂 興 /茂 兴華 興 會 /华兴会 賓 興 /宾兴- 迭興/迭兴
除 患興利 /除 患兴利 隆 興 /隆 兴雙 興 /双 兴 (Shuāngxīng)雲 興 霞 蔚/云 兴霞蔚電 視 興奮 症 /电视兴奋症 風 興 雲 蒸 /风兴云 蒸 駿 業 宏 興 /骏业宏 兴黃 興 /黄 兴龍 興 之 地 /龙兴之 地 (lóngxīngzhīdì)龍 興 鳳 舉/龙兴凤举
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hing3
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): héng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5shin
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sìng
- Wade–Giles: hsing4
- Yale: syìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinq
- Palladius: син (sin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hing3
- Yale: hing
- Cantonese Pinyin: hing3
- Guangdong Romanization: hing3
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɪŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hin / him
- Hakka Romanization System: hin / him
- Hagfa Pinyim: hin4 / him4
- Sinological IPA: /hin⁵⁵/, /him⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
Note: him - 興味 .
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: héng
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɛiŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕiŋ⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /ɕiŋ⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /ɕiŋ⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /ɕiŋ²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /ɕiŋ⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ɕiŋ³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /ɕiə̃²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /ɕiŋ¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ɕĩn¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ɕiŋ²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /ɕin⁴²/ | |
Chengdu | /ɕin¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /ɕin²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /ɕĩ¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ɕin⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /ɕin⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiəŋ⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | /ɕiŋ³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /ɕĩŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɕiŋ³⁵/ |
Suzhou | /ɕin⁵¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɕin⁴⁴⁵⁴⁴⁵/ | |
Wenzhou | /ɕaŋ⁴²/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ɕiʌ̃³²⁴/ |
Tunxi | /ɕin⁴²/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ɕin⁵⁵/ |
Xiangtan | /ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ɕin⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /hin⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | ||
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /heŋ³³/ |
Nanning | /heŋ³³/ | |
Hong Kong | /hiŋ³³/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hiŋ²¹/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hɛiŋ²¹²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xeiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /heŋ²¹³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /heŋ³⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: xingH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*qʰɯŋs/
Definitions
[edit]- excitement; interest; mood in doing something
- sensual desire; sexual desire; passion
- (obsolete or Min) to like; to be fond of; to love
- to liken; to analogise
- (rhetoric) metaphor
- (poetry) association; speaking first of something else to lead up to the main theme
- (Suzhounese) bustling; lively
Compounds
[edit]不 高 興 /不 高 兴 (bùgāoxìng)乘 興 /乘 兴 (chéngxìng)乘 興 而來/乘 兴而来 - 儘興/
尽 兴 (jǐnxìng) 助 興 /助 兴 (zhùxìng)動 興 /动兴即興 /即 兴 (jíxìng)即興 表 演 /即 兴表演 寄 興 /寄 兴- 幫興/帮兴
意 興 /意 兴 (yìxìng)感興 /感 兴 (gǎnxìng)意 興 索然 /意 兴索然 意 興 闌 珊/意 兴阑珊 (yìxìnglánshān)- 掃興/扫兴
敗 興 /败兴 (bàixìng)新興 /新 兴春 興 /春 兴比 興 /比 兴 (bǐxìng)比 顯 興 隱 /比 显兴隐沒 興 /没 兴沒 興 頭 /没 兴头盡 興 /尽 兴 (jìnxìng)索 興 /索 兴背 興 /背 兴 (bèixìng)興 之 所 至 /兴之所 至 (xìngzhīsuǒzhì)興 匆匆 /兴匆匆 興味 /兴味 (xìngwèi)興味 盎然/兴味盎然興味 索然 /兴味索然 (xìngwèisuǒrán)興 復 不 淺 /兴复不 浅 興 會 /兴会 (xìnghuì)興 會 淋漓 /兴会淋漓 興 沖 沖 /兴冲冲 (xìngchōngchōng)興 盡 /兴尽興 盡 悲來/兴尽悲来興 盡 意 闌 /兴尽意 阑興 致/兴致 (xìngzhì)興 致勃勃 /兴致勃勃 (xìngzhìbóbó)興 致勃發 /兴致勃发興 致盎然 /兴致盎然興 致索然 /兴致索然 興 興 頭 頭 /兴兴头头興起 /兴起興趣 /兴趣 (xìngqù)興 頭 /兴头 (xìngtóu)興 高 采 烈 (xìnggāocǎiliè)觸 興 /触 兴託 物 寓 興 /托 物 寓 兴詩興 /诗兴談 興 /谈兴豪 興 /豪 兴 (háoxìng)賦 比 興 /赋比兴 (fùbǐxìng)起 興 /起 兴逸興 /逸 兴遊興 /游 兴 (yóuxìng)遣 興 /遣 兴遣 興 陶 情 /遣 兴陶情 酒興 /酒 兴 (jiǔxìng)隨 興 /随 兴 (suíxìng)雅 興 /雅 兴 (yǎxìng)雜 興 /杂兴餘興 /余 兴 (yúxìng)餘興 節目 /余 兴节目 高 情 逸興 /高 情 逸 兴高 興 /高 兴 (gāoxìng)高高 興 興 /高高 兴兴 (gāogāoxìngxìng)鼓 興 /鼓 兴
References
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
- Kun: おこる (okoru,
興 る, Jōyō); おこす (okosu,興 す, Jōyō); おきる (okiru)
Noun
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Chinese
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 흐ᇰ (Yale: hung) in Dongguk Jeongun (
東國 正 韻 / 동국정운), 1448. - Recorded as Middle Korean 흥 (hung)
訓 (Yale: hung) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新 增 類 合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [xɯŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [흥]
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
- 흥미 (
興味 , heungmi) - 흥분 (
興奮 , heungbun) - 진흥 (
振興 , jinheung) - 부흥 (
復興 , buheung) - 흥망 (
興亡 , heungmang) - 흥행 (
興行 , heunghaeng) - 신흥 (
新興 , sinheung) - 흥왕 (
興 旺, heung'wang) - 흥감 (
興 感 , heunggam) - 흥륭 (
興隆 , heungnyung) - 흥성 (
興 盛 , heungseong) - 흥국 (
興國 , heungguk) - 흥기 (
興起 , heunggi) - 대흥 (
大 興 , daeheung) - 불흥 (
不興 , bulheung) - 즉흥 (
卽興 , jeukheung) - 흥업 (
興業 , heung'eop) - 흥작 (
興作 , heungjak) - 흥회 (
興 懷 , heunghoe)
Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Chinese
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 흐ᇰ〮 (Yale: húng) in Dongguk Jeongun (
東國 正 韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [xɯ(ː)ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [흥(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (
國際 退 溪 學會 大邱 慶 北 支部 ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子 字典 . [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han ideogrammic compounds
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Northern Min verbs
- Eastern Min verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Teochew verbs
- Wu verbs
- Middle Chinese verbs
- Old Chinese verbs
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Northern Min adjectives
- Eastern Min adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Middle Chinese adjectives
- Old Chinese adjectives
- Chinese adverbs
- Mandarin adverbs
- Cantonese adverbs
- Hakka adverbs
- Northern Min adverbs
- Eastern Min adverbs
- Hokkien adverbs
- Teochew adverbs
- Wu adverbs
- Middle Chinese adverbs
- Old Chinese adverbs
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Northern Min proper nouns
- Eastern Min proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Middle Chinese proper nouns
- Old Chinese proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with
興 - Cantonese terms with usage examples
- Chinese dialectal terms
- Chinese negative polarity items
- Teochew Chinese
- Chinese surnames
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Min Chinese
- zh:Rhetoric
- zh:Poetry
- Suzhounese Wu
- Wu terms with quotations
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese fifth grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading こう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading きょう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おこ・る
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おこ・す
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おきる
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with
興 - Japanese single-kanji terms
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean hanja
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters