衝
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]衝 (Kangxi radical 144,
Derived characters
[edit]Related characters
[edit]- 冲 (Simplified Chinese) - Note: also the simplified form of
沖
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1110, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34069
- Dae Jaweon: page 1574, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 843, character 2
- Unihan data for U+885D
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 衝 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 冲* | |
alternative forms | 𧘂 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 衝 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
---|---|
撞 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
幢 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
橦 | *rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ |
噇 | *rdoːŋ |
𩪘 | *rdoːŋ |
艟 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
憧 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
畽 | *tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ |
*toːŋʔ | |
蕫 | *toːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
箽 | *toːŋʔ |
懂 | *toːŋʔ |
湩 | *toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs |
曈 | *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
*doːŋ | |
僮 | *doːŋ |
*doːŋ | |
罿 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
犝 | *doːŋ |
潼 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
穜 | *doːŋ, *doŋ |
*doːŋʔ | |
慟 | *doːŋs |
堹 | *toŋs |
諥 | *toŋs |
蹱 | *tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ |
*doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs | |
緟 | *doŋ, *doŋs |
蝩 | *doŋ |
褈 | *doŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
*tjoŋ, *tjoŋ | |
鍾 | *tjoŋ |
籦 | *tjoŋ |
*tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs | |
*tjoŋʔ | |
*tjoŋʔ | |
歱 | *tjoŋʔ |
喠 | *tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ |
偅 | *tjoŋs |
衝 | *tʰjoŋ |
揰 | *tʰjoŋs |
尰 | *djoŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cung1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûng
- Eastern Min (BUC): chṳ̆ng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tshon
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chong
- Wade–Giles: chʻung1
- Yale: chūng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chong
- Palladius: чун (čun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cung1
- Yale: chūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsung1
- Guangdong Romanization: cung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûng
- Hakka Romanization System: cung´
- Hagfa Pinyim: cung1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chṳ̆ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰyŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- chhiong - literary;
- cheng - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: tsyhowng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰoŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjoŋ/
Definitions
[edit]衝
- to go straight ahead; to rush; to charge; to dash
- to clash; to collide
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Liánglì kěyǐ chōng chéng, ér bù kěyǐ zhì xué, yán shū qì yě. [Pinyin]
- A battering ram may be used against the wall of a city, but it cannot be employed to stop up a hole - the uses of implements are different.
梁 麗 可 以衝城 ,而不 可 以窒穴 ,言 殊 器 也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]梁 丽可 以冲城 ,而不 可 以窒穴 ,言 殊 器 也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- thoroughfare; important place
Synonyms
[edit]- (to collide):
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 撞 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 撞 |
Taiwan | 撞 | |
Malaysia | 撞 | |
Singapore | 撞 | |
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 碰, 撞 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 撞 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 撞 |
Wuhan | 闖, 撞 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 撞 |
Hefei | 撞, 鏨 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 撞 |
Hong Kong | 撞 | |
Yangjiang | 揰, 撞 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 撞 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 鄧, 撞 |
Hakka | Meixian | 撞 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 撞, 碰 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 摏 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 㨂, 碰 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 衝, 挵 |
Quanzhou | 衝, 挵 | |
Zhangzhou | 衝, 挵 | |
Tainan | 衝, 挵 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 挵 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 挵 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 衝, 挵 | |
Chaozhou | 撞 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 撞, 挵 | |
Wu | Suzhou | 撞 |
Wenzhou | 撞 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 撞, 摜 |
Shuangfeng | 撞 |
Compounds
[edit]一 衝一撞/一 冲一撞一 飛 衝天 /一 飞冲天 - 俯衝/俯冲 (fǔchōng)
價 值衝突 /价值冲突六 衝/六 冲厭 難 折衝 /厌难折 冲反 衝力/反 冲力 (fǎnchōnglì)大 衝/大 冲 (dàchōng)天 剋地衝/天 克 地 冲左 衝右突/左 冲右突 (zuǒchōngyòutū)怒氣 衝衝/怒 气冲冲怒髮 衝冠/怒 发冲冠 (nùfàchōngguān)折衝 /折 冲 (zhéchōng)折衝 厭 難 /折 冲厌难折衝 樽俎 /折 冲樽俎 (zhéchōngzūnzǔ)折衝 禦侮/折 冲御侮 - 撞陣衝軍/撞阵冲军
東 衝西突/东冲西 突梯 衝/梯 冲橫 衝直撞/横 冲直撞 (héngchōngzhízhuàng)沖 神 /冲神沖 罐 /冲罐渠 衝/渠 冲猛 衝/猛 冲緩衝 /缓冲 (huǎnchōng)緩衝 區 /缓冲区 (huǎnchōngqū)緩衝 地帶 /缓冲地 带脈 衝/脉冲 (màichōng)脈 衝式/脉冲式 脈 衝星/脉冲星 (màichōngxīng)- 艨衝/艨冲
蒙 衝/蒙 冲- 衝冠/冲冠
- 衝冠
髮 怒 /冲冠发怒 - 衝出/冲出
- 衝刺/冲刺 (chōngcì)
- 衝剋/冲克
- 衝力/冲力 (chōnglì)
- 衝勁/冲劲
衝動 /冲动 (chōngdòng)- 衝卵/冲卵
- 衝口/冲口
- 衝口而出/冲口而出 (chōngkǒu'érchū)
- 衝口而發/冲口而发
- 衝堅
陷 陣 /冲坚陷阵 - 衝州撞府/冲州撞府
衝心 /冲心- 衝摐/冲𪭢
- 衝撞/冲撞 (chōngzhuàng)
衝擊 /冲击 (chōngjī)衝擊波 /冲击波 (chōngjībō)- 衝數/冲数
- 衝斷
層 /冲断层 - 衝殺/冲杀 (chōngshā)
- 衝決/冲决 (chōngjué)
- 衝波
激浪 /冲波激浪 - 衝波
逆 折 /冲波逆 折 - 衝浪/冲浪 (chōnglàng)
- 衝激/冲激
- 衝然/冲然
- 衝犯/冲犯
- 衝破/冲破 (chōngpò)
- 衝程/冲程
衝突 /冲突 (chōngtū)- 衝蓯/冲苁
- 衝要/冲要
- 衝量/冲量 (chōngliàng)
- 衝鋒/冲锋 (chōngfēng)
- 衝鋒
槍 /冲锋枪 (chōngfēngqiāng) - 衝鋒
陷 陣 /冲锋陷阵 (chōngfēngxiànzhèn) - 衝陷/冲陷 (chōngxiàn)
- 衝頭
陣 /冲头阵 - 衝風/冲风
要衝 /要 冲 (yàochōng)角 色 衝突 /角 色 冲突首 當 其衝/首 当 其冲 (shǒudāngqíchōng)髮 上 衝冠/发上冲冠髮 踊 衝冠/发踊冲冠
Descendants
[edit]- → Vietnamese: xông
Pronunciation 2
[edit]trad. | 衝 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 冲* | |
alternative forms |
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cung3
- Eastern Min (BUC): cháe̤ng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tshon
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chòng
- Wade–Giles: chʻung4
- Yale: chùng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chonq
- Palladius: чун (čun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cung3
- Yale: chung
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsung3
- Guangdong Romanization: cung3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰʊŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cháe̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔyŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- chhiòng - literary;
- chhèng - vernacular;
- chhiāng - ("to encounter").
Definitions
[edit]衝
- to face
- to punch; to stamp
- powerful; vigorous
- pungent; (of smell) strong
- towards; at; to
- in view of
- (Hokkien) to rise; to go up; to soar; to ascend
- (Hokkien, of smoke or water) to discharge; to gush; to burst out; to spout
- (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to scent; to odorize; to infuse with the scent of another
- (Hokkien) domineering; arrogant
- (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to collide; to impact; to run into; to hit
- (Hokkien) to bump into; to encounter; to meet accidentally
- (Hokkien, cooking) to simmer
- (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to generate; to yield; to produce (a certain result)
Synonyms
[edit]- (to encounter):
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | ||
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | |
Malaysia | ||
Singapore | ||
Cantonese | Guangzhou | |
Hong Kong | ||
Zhongshan (Shiqi) | ||
Singapore (Guangfu) | ||
Hakka | Meixian | |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 拄, 撞, 衝, 磅 |
Quanzhou | 拄, 撞, 衝 | |
Zhangzhou | 拄, 衝 | |
Tainan | 拄, 撞, 磅 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 拄 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 拄 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 拄, | |
Chaozhou | ||
Shantou | ||
Jieyang | ||
Singapore (Teochew) | ||
Wu | Shanghai | 碰 |
Compounds
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]衝
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: しゅ (shu)←しゆ (syu, historical)
- Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←しよう (syou, historical)
- Kun: つく (tsuku,
衝 く)
Noun
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 衝 (MC tsyhowng).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 쵸ᇰ (Yale: chyong) in Dongguk Jeongun (
東國 正 韻 / 동국정운), 1448. - Recorded as Middle Korean 츙 (chyung) (Yale: chyung) in Sinjeung Yuhap (
新 增 類 合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰuŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [충]
Hanja
[edit]衝 (eumhun 찌를 충 (jjireul chung))
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (
國際 退 溪 學會 大邱 慶 北 支部 ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子 字典 . [1]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]衝: Hán Nôm readings: xung, giong, tông, xong, xông, xúng
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading しゆ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しょう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しよう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading つ・く
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