齷齪あくせく

See also: 𮯎𮯇 and 龌龊

Chinese

			dirty; small-minded
trad. (齷齪あくせく)		齷	齪
simp. (龌龊)		龌	龊

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): wòchuò

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄛˋ ㄔㄨㄛˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): o² co¹

• Cantonese (Jyutping): aak¹ cuk¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ok-chhok
• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁷oq-tshoq₇

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wòchuò
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄛˋ ㄔㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wòchuò
    • Wade–Giles: wo⁴-chʻo⁴
    • Yale: wò-chwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wohchuoh
    • Palladius: вочо (vočo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: o² co¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: o co
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /o²¹ t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: aak¹ cuk¹
    • Yale: āak chūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: aak⁷ tsuk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: ag¹ cug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /aːk̚⁵ t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ok-chhok
    • Tâi-lô: ok-tshok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: okzhog
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰɔk̚³²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁷oq-tshoq₇
    • MiniDict: oh^入いれ tshoh^入いれ
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴oq-tshoq₄
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /oʔ³³ t͡sʰoʔ⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /oʔ⁴⁴ t͡sʰoʔ⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'aewk tsrhaewk

Rime
Character	齷	齪
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	影かげ (34)	初はつ (19)
Final (韻いん)	覺さとし (10)	覺さとし (10)
Tone (調しらべ)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open	Open
Division (等ひとし)	II	II
Fanqie	於角かく切きり	測はか角かく切きり
Baxter	'aewk	tsrhaewk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠʌk̚/	/t͡ʃʰˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚɔk̚/	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɔk̚/	/t͡ʃʰɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔaɨwk̚/	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/ʔɔk̚/	/t͡ʃʰɔk̚/
Wang Li	/ɔk̚/	/t͡ʃʰɔk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɔk̚/	/ʈ͡ʂʰɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yue	chuo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ok3	cok3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qroːɡ  sʰroːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	齷	齪
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	13070	17918
Phonetic component	屋や	足あし
Rime group	屋や	屋や
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	渥	娖
Old Chinese	/*qroːɡ/	/*sʰroːɡ/
Notes	見み張ちょう衡賦ふ	注ちゅう：開ひらく孔あな具ぐ。集しゅう韻いん以此爲ため正ただし， 注ちゅう齷齪迫さこ也，見み張ちょう衡賦ふ

Adjective

齷齪あくせく

1. filthy; dirty
2. vile; despicable
3. (literary) narrow (minded); small; confined

   alt. forms: 握にぎ齪／握にぎ龊 (wòchuò)

Usage notes

• Not to be confused with 齟齬そご／龃龉 (jǔyǔ).

Synonyms

• (filthy):

edit

• 不ふ乾いぬい淨きよし／不ふ干ひ净 (bù gānjìng)
• 惡あく濁にご／恶浊 (èzhuó)
• 污穢／污秽 (wūhuì)
• 骯髒／肮脏
• 髒／脏
• 髒兮兮／脏兮兮 (zāngxīxī)

 

Dialectal synonyms of 髒 (“dirty”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		污, 穢けがれ, 污穢
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		骯髒, 污穢
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	髒, 腌臢
	Taiwan	髒, 骯髒
	Langfang	髒
	Harbin	埋うめ汰
	Singapore	骯髒
Jilu Mandarin	Cangzhou	邋遢
	Baoding	骯髒
	Shijiazhuang	髒
	Jinan	髒, 窩囊, 腌臢
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	髒, 邋乎, 埋うめ汰
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	齷齪あくせく, 邋遢
	Daming	陳ひね
	Wanrong	髒, 日にち髒, 骯髒
	Xi'an	髒, 骯髒
	Xining	骯髒, 髒
	Xuzhou	骯髒, 腌臢
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	髒
	Lanzhou	髒
	Ürümqi	髒
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	挖抓, 髒, 齷齪あくせく, 邋遢
	Guang'an	挖抓
	Chongqing	挖抓
	Wuhan	拉ひしげ瓜ふり, 賴よりゆき
	Guiyang	髒
	Kunming	邋遢
	Liuzhou	邋遢, 污糟, 涴
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	髒
	Yangzhou	髒, 邋遢
	Hefei	髒, 膿うみ糟かす, 拾ひろえ弄ろう
Cantonese	Guangzhou	污糟, 邋遢, 揦鮓
	Hong Kong	污糟, 邋遢, 揦鮓
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	邋遢, 骯屎
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	骯屎
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	揦鮓
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	垠
	Macau	污糟
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	污糟, 邋遢
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	邋遢, 揦鮓
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	污糟, 邋遢
	Foshan	污糟, 邋遢
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	污糟
	Foshan (Shunde)	污糟
	Foshan (Sanshui)	污糟
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	污糟
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	邋遢
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	邋遢
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	揦鮓
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	揦鮓
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	揦鮓, 邋遢
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	揦鮓
	Taishan	邋遢, 揦鮓, 黧貰
	Kaiping (Chikan)	邋遢, 揦鮓
	Enping (Niujiang)	邋遢
	Heshan (Yayao)	邋遢
	Dongguan	賴よりゆき濕しめ, 鹹濕
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	垠
	Yangjiang	失しつ引, 污糟, 揦鮓
	Singapore (Guangfu)	污糟, 揦鮓
Gan	Nanchang	腌臢
	Lichuan	邋遢
	Pingxiang	雷かみなり堆うずたか, 雷かみなり賴よりゆき, 齷齪あくせく
Hakka	Meixian	漚紐, 穢けがれ
	Xingning	累るい贅ぜい
	Huidong (Daling)	囉嗦
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	囉嗦
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	囉嗦
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	烏がらす數すう
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	烏がらす奴やつ
	Liannan	邋遢
	Jiexi	垃圾
	Changting	齷齪あくせく
	Wuping	屙糟
	Wuping (Pingyu)	屙糟
	Liancheng	屙糟
	Ninghua	齷齪あくせく
	Yudu	屙糟
	Ruijin	屙糟
	Shangyou (Shexi)	垃圾
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Hong Kong	漚紐, 累るい贅ぜい, 囉嗦
Huizhou	Jixi	活かつ柴しば, 污糟
	Shexian	邋遢, 污糟
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	遢邋
	Xiuning	遢邋
	Yixian	邋遢
	Qimen	邋遢
	Wuyuan	邋遢
Jin	Taiyuan	日にち髒, 髒, 腌臢
	Xinzhou	日にち髒
	Zhangjiakou	髒
Northern Min	Jian'ou	污喏, 垃圾
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	污喏
	Jianyang	污喏
	Wuyishan	垃圾
	Pucheng (Shibei)	垃圾
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	垃渣, 濫𡞟, 懶ものぐさ露ろ, 五ご鹵, 齷齪あくせく
Southern Min	Xiamen	流ながれ瘍, 流りゅう死し瘍, 垃圾, 腌臢, 驚おどろき儂わし, 垃儳, 穢けがれ涗, 塕埃
	Quanzhou	腌臢, 兇, 驚おどろき儂わし, 穢けがれ涗, 塕埃
	Zhangzhou	腌臢, 垃圾, 淤漬, 驚おどろき儂わし, 垃圾鬼おに, 穢けがれ涗, 塕埃
	Taipei	垃圾, 垃儳, 癩かったい𰣻爛ただれ癆, 驚おどろき儂わし
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	垃圾, 腌臢, 癩かったい𰣻, 驚おどろき儂わし
	Kaohsiung	垃圾, 垃儳, 腌臢, 癩かったい𰣻, 驚おどろき儂わし
	Yilan	垃圾, 垃儳, 腌臢, 癩かったい𰣻爛ただれ癆, 驚おどろき儂わし
	Changhua (Lukang)	垃圾, 癩かったい𰣻爛ただれ癆, 驚おどろき儂わし
	Taichung	垃圾
	Taichung (Wuqi)	垃圾
	Tainan	垃圾, 垃儳, 腌臢, 癩かったい𰣻, 癩かったい𰣻爛ただれ癆, 驚おどろき儂わし, 流りゅう𣻸
	Taitung	垃圾
	Hsinchu	垃圾, 腌臢, 癩かったい𰣻
	Kinmen	垃圾, 腌臢, 驚おどろき儂わし, 垃儳, 癩かったい𰣻
	Penghu (Magong)	垃圾, 腌臢, 驚おどろき儂わし, 垃儳, 癩かったい𰣻
	Penang (Hokkien)	垃儳
	Singapore (Hokkien)	流ながれ瘍, 垃儳, 垃圾, 厚あつ穢きたな
	Manila (Hokkien)	腌臢
	Chaozhou	垃圾, 鏖糟, 凄すご疑うたぐ
	Shantou	垃圾, 鏖糟, 凄すご疑うたぐ
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	垃圾
	Jieyang	垃圾, 鏖糟, 凄すご疑うたぐ
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	凄すご疑うたぐ
	Singapore (Teochew)	垃圾, 邋遢
	Leizhou	邋滯
	Wenchang	尻しり髒
	Haikou	尻しり髒
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	污盧
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	齷齪あくせく
Wu	Shanghai	齷齪あくせく, 鏖糟 dated
	Shanghai (Chongming)	邋遢, 齷齪あくせく
	Suzhou	齷齪あくせく, 邋遢, 污糟
	Wuxi	污糟, 齷拉
	Danyang	髒
	Hangzhou	埲, 邋遢
	Ningbo	膩腥, 鏖糟, 淟汰, 邋遢 dated
	Wenzhou	鏖糟, 髒
	Jinhua	遮さえぎ捏こね, 鏖糟
Xiang	Changsha	邋遢, 邋糊
	Shuangfeng	派は老ろう, 邋遢

• (vile):

edit

• 卑劣ひれつ (bēiliè)
• 卑鄙
• 鄙劣ひれつ (bǐliè) (literary)
• 醜みにく陋／丑うし陋 (chǒulòu)
• 骯髒／肮脏

 

Derived terms

• 卑鄙齷齪あくせく／卑鄙龌龊 (bēibǐwòchuò)
• 卑陋ひろう齷齪あくせく／卑陋ひろう龌龊

 

Pronunciation 2

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ak-chak

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ak-chak
    • Tâi-lô: ak-tsak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: akzag
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ak̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sak̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ak̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sak̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ak̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sak̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ak̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sak̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ak̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sak̚³²/

Adjective

齷齪あくせく

1. (Hokkien) jittery; uncomfortable; irritable; agitated; anxious (due to sultry weather, stuffy air, bad environmental conditions, disorder, crowding, etc.)

Derived terms

• 齷齪あくせく氣き／龌龊气
• 齷齪あくせく火ひ／龌龊火ひ
• 齷齪あくせく熱ねつ／龌龊热

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (齷齪あくせく):

• → Japanese: 齷齪あくせく(あくせく) (akuseku)
• → Korean: 악착(齷齪あくせく) (akchak)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
齷	齪
あく Hyōgai	せく Hyōgai
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
𮯎𮯇 (extended shinjitai)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [a̠kɯ̟se̞kɯ̟]

Adverb

齷(あく)齪(せく) • (akuseku) 

1. busily, fussily, worrying about small things

Usage notes

• Takes the と (to) particle.

Verb

齷(あく)齪(せく)する • (akuseku suru) suru (stem 齷(あく)齪(せく)し (akuseku shi), past 齷(あく)齪(せく)した (akuseku shita))

1. busy oneself, get worked up, worry oneself

Conjugation

Conjugation of "齷齪あくせくする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	齷齪あくせくし	あくせくし	akuseku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	齷齪あくせくし	あくせくし	akuseku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	齷齪あくせくする	あくせくする	akuseku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	齷齪あくせくする	あくせくする	akuseku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	齷齪あくせくすれ	あくせくすれ	akuseku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	齷齪あくせくせよ¹ 齷齪あくせくしろ²	あくせくせよ¹ あくせくしろ²	akuseku seyo¹ akuseku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	齷齪あくせくされる	あくせくされる	akuseku sareru
Causative	齷齪あくせくさせる 齷齪あくせくさす	あくせくさせる あくせくさす	akuseku saseru akuseku sasu
Potential	齷齪あくせくできる	あくせくできる	akuseku dekiru
Volitional	齷齪あくせくしよう	あくせくしよう	akuseku shiyō
Negative	齷齪あくせくしない	あくせくしない	akuseku shinai
Negative continuative	齷齪あくせくせず	あくせくせず	akuseku sezu
Formal	齷齪あくせくします	あくせくします	akuseku shimasu
Perfective	齷齪あくせくした	あくせくした	akuseku shita
Conjunctive	齷齪あくせくして	あくせくして	akuseku shite
Hypothetical conditional	齷齪あくせくすれば	あくせくすれば	akuseku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
齷	齪

Noun

齷齪あくせく • (akchak) (hangeul 악착)

1. hanja form^? of 악착 (“stubbornness; tenacity”)