锕
錒在1899
錒
歷史
编辑
錒的
屬性
编辑
錒是
錒
錒在
化合 物
编辑
a(pm) | b(pm) | c(pm) | Z | g/cm3) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ac | fcc[20] | Fm3m | 225 | cF4 | 531.1 | 531.1 | 531.1 | 4 | 10.07 | |
AcH2 | Fm3m | 225 | cF12 | 567 | 567 | 567 | 4 | 8.35 | ||
Ac2O3 | P3m1 | 164 | hP5 | 408 | 408 | 630 | 1 | 9.18 | ||
Ac2S3 | I43d | 220 | cI28 | 778.56 | 778.56 | 778.56 | 4 | 6.71 | ||
AcF3 | P3c1 | 165 | hP24 | 741 | 741 | 755 | 6 | 7.88 | ||
AcCl3 | P63/m | 165 | hP8 | 764 | 764 | 456 | 2 | 4.8 | ||
AcBr3 | P63/m | 165 | hP8 | 764 | 764 | 456 | 2 | 5.85 | ||
AcOF | Fm3m | 593.1 | 8.28 | |||||||
AcOCl | 424 | 424 | 707 | 7.23 | ||||||
AcOBr | 427 | 427 | 740 | 7.89 | ||||||
AcPO4·0.5H2O | 721 | 721 | 664 | 5.48 |
氧化物
编辑
鹵化物
编辑
三氟化錒的合成反應可以在液態或固態下進行。
- AcF3 + 2 NH3 + H2O → AcOF + 2 NH4F
氫氧
溴化鋁
- Ac2O3 + 2 AlBr3 → 2 AcBr3 + Al2O3
其他化合 物
编辑
同位 素
编辑
錒一
Ac)
Ac)。[27]其中
Ac(
Ac(10.0
Ac(29.37
Ac,其半
Ac
Ac
Ac。
Ac
Ac
Ac。
Ac
221Ac | 232Th(d,9n)225Pa( |
52毫秒 | |
222Ac | 232Th(d,8n)226Pa( |
5.0 | |
223Ac | 232Th(d,7n)227Pa( |
2.1 | |
224Ac | 232Th(d,6n)228Pa( |
2.78 | |
225Ac | 232Th(n, |
10 | |
226Ac | 226Ra(d,2n)226Ac | 29.37 | |
227Ac | 235U( |
21.77 | |
228Ac | 232Th( |
6.15 | |
229Ac | 228Ra(n, |
62.7 | |
230Ac | 232Th(d, |
122 | |
231Ac | 232Th( |
7.5 | |
232Ac | 232Th(n,p)232Ac | 119 |
存 量 及合成
编辑
錒
該反
應用
编辑
227Ac
227AcBe
225Ac
227Ac
安全
编辑
227Ac
參考 資料
编辑
- ^ Wall, Greg. C&EN: It's Elemental: The Periodic Table - Actinium. C&EN: It's Elemental: The Periodic Table. Chemical and Engineering News. 2003-09-08 [2013-12-16]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2012-03-05). - ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kirby, Harold W.; Morss, Lester R. Actinium. The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements. 2006: 18. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_2.
- ^ Debierne, André-Louis. Sur un nouvelle matière radio-active. Comptes rendus. 1899, 129: 593–595 [2013-12-16]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2014-05-07). - ^ Debierne, André-Louis. Sur un nouvelle matière radio-actif – l'actinium. Comptes rendus. 1900–1901, 130: 906–908 [2013-12-16]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2014-04-26). - ^ Giesel, Friedrich Oskar. Ueber Radium und radioactive Stoffe. Berichte der Deutschen Chemische Geselschaft. 1902, 35 (3): 3608–3611. doi:10.1002/cber.190203503187.
- ^ Giesel, Friedrich Oskar. Ueber den Emanationskörper (Emanium). Berichte der Deutschen Chemische Geselschaft. 1904, 37 (2): 1696–1699. doi:10.1002/cber.19040370280.
- ^ Debierne, André-Louis. Sur l'actinium. Comptes rendus. 1904, 139: 538–540.
- ^ Giesel, Friedrich Oskar. Ueber Emanium. Berichte der Deutschen Chemische Geselschaft. 1904, 37 (2): 1696–1699. doi:10.1002/cber.19040370280.
- ^ Giesel, Friedrich Oskar. Ueber Emanium. Berichte der Deutschen Chemische Geselschaft. 1905, 38 (1): 775–778. doi:10.1002/cber.190503801130.
- ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Hammond, C. R. The Elements in Lide, D. R. (编), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 86th, Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8493-0486-5
- ^ Gilley, Cynthia Brooke; University of California, San Diego. Chemistry. New convertible isocyanides for the Ugi reaction; application to the stereoselective synthesis of omuralide. ProQuest. 2008: 11 [2013-12-16]. ISBN 978-0-549-79554-4. (
原始 内容 存 档于2014-01-07). - ^ Reimers, Jeffrey R. Computational Methods for Large Systems: Electronic Structure Approaches for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology. John Wiley and Sons. 2011-07-20: 575 [2013-12-16]. ISBN 978-0-470-48788-4. (
原始 内容 存 档于2014-01-07). - ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Stites, Joseph G.; Salutsky, Murrell L.; Stone, Bob D. Preparation of Actinium Metal. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77 (1): 237–240. doi:10.1021/ja01606a085.
- ^ 14.0 14.1 Actinium, in Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th edition, 1995, p. 70
- ^ Frederick Seitz, David Turnbull Solid state physics: advances in research and applications (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆), Academic Press, 1964 ISBN 978-0-12-607716-2 pp. 289–291 - ^ Richard A. Muller. Physics and Technology for Future Presidents: An Introduction to the Essential Physics Every World Leader Needs to Know. Princeton University Press. 2010-04-12: 136 [2013-12-16]. ISBN 978-0-691-13504-5. (
原始 内容 存 档于2014-01-07). - ^ Katz, J. J.; Manning, W M. Chemistry of the Actinide Elements Annual Review of Nuclear Science. Annual Review of Nuclear Science. 1952, 1: 245–262. Bibcode:1952ARNPS...1..245K. doi:10.1146/annurev.ns.01.120152.001333.
- ^ Seaborg, Glenn T. The Transuranium Elements. Science. 1946, 104 (2704): 379–386. Bibcode:1946Sci...104..379S. JSTOR 1675046. PMID 17842184. doi:10.1126/science.104.2704.379.
- ^ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Actinium. Great Soviet Encyclopedia. [2013-12-16]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2013-12-14). - ^ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Farr, J; Giorgi, A.L.; Bowman, M.G.; Money, R.K. The crystal structure of actinium metal and actinium hydride. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 1961, 18: 42. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(61)80369-2.
- ^ Sherman, Fried; Hagemann, French; Zachariasen, W. H. The Preparation and Identification of Some Pure Actinium Compounds. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1950, 72 (2): 771–775. doi:10.1021/ja01158a034.
- ^ 22.00 22.01 22.02 22.03 22.04 22.05 22.06 22.07 22.08 22.09 22.10 22.11 22.12 22.13 Fried, Sherman; Hagemann, French; Zachariasen, W. H. The Preparation and Identification of Some Pure Actinium Compounds. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1950, 72 (2): 771. doi:10.1021/ja01158a034.
- ^ 23.0 23.1 Zachariasen, W. H. Crystal chemical studies of the 5f-series of elements. XII. New compounds representing known structure types. Acta Crystallographica. 1949, 2 (6): 388. doi:10.1107/S0365110X49001016.
- ^ Zachariasen, W. H. Crystal chemical studies of the 5f-series of elements. VI. The Ce2S3-Ce3S4 type of structure. Acta Crystallographica. 1949, 2: 57. doi:10.1107/S0365110X49000126.
- ^ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 Meyer, Gerd; Morss, Lester R. Synthesis of lanthanide and actinide compounds. Springer. 1991 [2013-12-16]. ISBN 0-7923-1018-7. (
原始 内容 存 档于2014-01-07). - ^ 26.0 26.1 Zachariasen, W. H. Crystal chemical studies of the 5f-series of elements. I. New structure types. Acta Crystallographica. 1948, 1 (5): 265. doi:10.1107/S0365110X48000703.
- ^ 27.0 27.1 Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 2017, 41 (3): 030001. Bibcode:2017ChPhC..41c0001A. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001.
- ^ 28.0 28.1 Hagemann, French. The Isolation of Actinium. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1950, 72 (2): 768. doi:10.1021/ja01158a033.
- ^ 29.0 29.1 Greenwood, Norman Neill; Earnshaw, Alan. Chemistry of the elements. 2016: 946. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9. OCLC 1040112384 (
英 语). - ^ C.M. Lederer; J.M. Hollander; I. Perlman. Table of Isotopes 6th. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1968.
- ^ Lehto, Jukka; Hou, Xiaolin. Chemistry and Analysis of Radionuclides: Laboratory Techniques and Methodology. Wiley-VCH. 2011: 2–3. ISBN 978-3-527-32658-7.
- ^ Emeleus, H. J. Advances in inorganic chemistry and radiochemistry. Academic Press. 1987-07: 16 [2013-12-16]. ISBN 978-0-12-023631-2. (
原始 内容 存 档于2014-01-07). - ^ 33.0 33.1 Bolla, Rose A.; Malkemus, D; Mirzadeh, S. Production of actinium-225 for alpha particle mediated radioimmunotherapy. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 2005, 62 (5): 667–679. PMID 15763472. doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.12.003.
- ^ Melville, G; Allen, Bj. Cyclotron and linac production of Ac-225. Applied radiation and isotopes. 2009, 67 (4): 549–55. PMID 19135381. doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.11.012.
- ^ Russell, Pamela J.; Jackson, Paul and Kingsley, Elizabeth Anne Prostate cancer methods and protocols (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆), Humana Press, 2003, ISBN 978-0-89603-978-0, p. 336 - ^ Russell, Alan M. and Lee, Kok Loong Structure-property relations in nonferrous metals (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆), Wiley, 2005, ISBN 978-0-471-64952-6, pp. 470–471 - ^ Hausner, Henry H. Nuclear Properties. Beryllium its Metallurgy and Properties. University of California Press. 1965: 239.
- ^ Majumdar, D. K. Irrigation Water Management: Principles and Practice (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆), 2004 ISBN 978-81-203-1729-1 p. 108 - ^ Chandrasekharan, H. and Gupta, Navindu Fundamentals of Nuclear Science – Application in Agriculture (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆), 2006 ISBN 978-81-7211-200-4 pp. 202 ff - ^ Dixon, W.R.; Bielesch, Alice; Geiger, K. W. Neutron Spectrum of an Actinium–Beryllium Source. Can. J. Phys./Rev. Can. Phys. 1957, 35 (6): 699–702. Bibcode:1957CaJPh..35..699D. doi:10.1139/p57-075.
- ^ Deblonde, Gauthier J.-P.; Abergel, Rebecca J. Active actinium. Nature Chemistry. 2016-10-21, 8 (11): 1084. Bibcode:2016NatCh...8.1084D. ISSN 1755-4349. OSTI 1458479 . PMID 27768109. doi:10.1038/nchem.2653 (
英 语). - ^ Improved in Vivo Stability of Actinium-225 Macrocyclic Complexes.
- ^ McDevitt, Michael R.; Ma, Dangshe; Lai, Lawrence T.; et al. Tumor Therapy with Targeted Atomic Nanogenerators (PDF). Science. 2001, 294 (5546): 1537–1540. Bibcode:2001Sci...294.1537M. PMID 11711678. doi:10.1126/science.1064126. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2011-07-16). - ^ Borchardt, Paul E.; et al. Targeted Actinium-225 in Vivo Generators for Therapy of Ovarian Cancer (PDF). Cancer Research. 2003, 63 (16): 5084–5090 [2013-12-14]. PMID 12941838. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2019-07-10). - ^ Ballangrud, A. M.; et al. Alpha-particle emitting atomic generator (Actinium-225)-labeled trastuzumab (herceptin) targeting of breast cancer spheroids: efficacy versus HER2/neu expression. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 2004, 10 (13): 4489–97. PMID 15240541. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0800.
- ^ Nozaki, Yoshiyuki. Excess 227Ac in deep ocean water. Nature. 1984, 310 (5977): 486. Bibcode:1984Natur.310..486N. doi:10.1038/310486a0.
- ^ Geibert, W.; Rutgers Van Der Loeff, M.M.; Hanfland, C.; Dauelsberg, H.-J. Actinium-227 as a deep-sea tracer: sources, distribution and applications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 2002, 198: 147. Bibcode:2002E&PSL.198..147G. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00512-5.
- ^ Langham, W.; Storer, J. Toxicology of Actinium Equilibrium Mixture. Los Alamos Scientific Lab.: Technical Report. 1952. doi:10.2172/4406766.
外部 連結
编辑
元素 锕在洛 斯阿拉 莫斯国家 实验室 的 介 紹(英文 )- EnvironmentalChemistry.com —— 锕(
英文 ) 元素 锕在 The Periodic Table of Videos(諾 丁 漢 大學 )的 介 紹(英文 )元素 锕在Peter van der Krogt elements site的 介 紹(英文 )- WebElements.com – 锕(
英文 ) - NLM Hazardous Substances Databank – Actinium, Radioactive (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) - Actinium in Haire, Richard G. Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean , 编. The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements 3rd. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. 2006. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1.