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量子生物学 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书 跳とべ转到内容ないよう

量子りょうし生物せいぶつ学がく

维基百科ひゃっか，自由じゆう的てき百科ひゃっか全ぜん书

量子りょうし生物せいぶつ学がく是ぜ利用りよう量子りょうし理り论来らい研究けんきゅう生命せいめい科学かがく[1]的てき一いち门学科か。该学科か包含ほうがん利用りよう量子力学りょうしりきがく研究けんきゅう生物せいぶつ过程和わ分子ぶんし的てき动态结构。利用りよう量子りょうし生物せいぶつ学がく研究けんきゅう量子りょうし水平すいへい的てき分子ぶんし动态结构和わ能のう量りょう转移，如果所得しょとく结果与あずか宏ひろし观的生物せいぶつ学がく现象相しょう吻合ふんごう且很难用其他学科がっか的てき研究けんきゅう重じゅう复，则这一研究结果较为可信[2]。

量子りょうし生物せいぶつ化学かがく和わ光ひかり合あい过程的てき量子りょうし研究けんきゅう已やめ得え到いた了りょう可か核かく查的重要じゅうよう的てき结果。尤ゆう其是光ひかり合作がっさく用よう中なか，对于俘获光子こうし后きさき发生的てき分ぶん步ふ的てき、对质子的てき量子りょうし式しき释放，利用りよう量子りょうし生物せいぶつ学がく的てき理り论，已やめ获得显著的てき研究けんきゅう进展（相あい关理论涉及到较为复杂的てき光ひかり系けい统II）。此外，实验和わ理り论的发现都と支持しじ酶促反はん应中ちゅう包含ほうがん量子りょうし穿ほじ隧机つくえ制せい。将はた能のう量りょう转化为化学がく能のう（可用かよう于化学がく转化）的てき生物せいぶつ学がく过程在ざい实质上うえ都と是ぜ量子力学りょうしりきがく过程。这些过程包含ほうがん化学かがく反はん应、光ひかり俘获、电子激げき发态的てき形成けいせい、激げき发能的てき转移和わ化学かがく过程（如光合作がっさく用よう及细胞呼吸こきゅう）中ちゅう电子及质子こ（氢离子）的てき转移[3]。量子りょうし生物せいぶつ学がく以量子力学りょうしりきがく效こう应为根ね据すえ，借か助じょ数学すうがく计算，对生物せいぶつ学がく相互そうご作用さよう进行模も拟[4]。奧地おくち利り出生しゅっしょう的てき量子りょうし物理ぶつり学がく家か和わ数理すうり生物せいぶつ学がく家か埃ほこり尔温·薛定谔早はや在ざい1946年ねん就提出ていしゅつ了りょう用よう量子りょうし理り论研究けんきゅう遗传系けい统的てき需求，理り论生物せいぶつ学がく家いえ罗伯特とく·罗森在ざい1961年ねん接着せっちゃく给出了りょう一いち份详细、正式せいしき的てき研究けんきゅう量子りょうし遗传学がく的てき办法。在ざい这方面ほうめん的てき一个仍未解决的存在争议的问题是：量子りょうし效こう应在ざい生物せいぶつ系けい统中なか的てき非ひ平凡へいぼん/通用つうよう角かく色しょく（即そく不ふ受限于分子ぶんし性せい质）究竟くっきょう是ぜ什么？[5][6][7]然しか而，新しん近きん关于转录的てき研究けんきゅう与あずか转录酶对于相あい干ひ态双そう链DNA的てき量子りょうし信しん息いき处理是ぜ一致いっち的てき[8][9]。

研究けんきゅう内容ないよう

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相あい关量子りょうし过程被ひ研究けんきゅう的てき生物せいぶつ学がく现象主要しゅよう包括ほうかつ对辐射的しゃてき频率特とく异性吸收きゅうしゅう（出で现在光こう合作がっさく用よう[10]和わ视觉系けい统等ひとし内ない）[11]、化学かがく能のう到いた机つくえ械能的てき转化[12]、动物的てき磁感應おう[13]及许多おお细胞过程中なか的てき布ぬの朗ろう马达[14]。该领域いき还在积极地ち研究けんきゅう磁场及鸟类导航的てき量子りょうし分析ぶんせき[15]并可能かのう为许多おお生物せいぶつ体たい的てき昼夜ちゅうや节律（生理せいり节律）的てき研究けんきゅう提供ていきょう线索[16]。

最近さいきん的てき研究けんきゅう已やめ经确定てい了りょう在ざい光ひかり合作がっさく用よう的まと光こう收おさむ获阶段だん，不同ふどう的てき色素しきそ的てき激げき发态之の间的量子りょうし相しょう干ひ性せい和わ纠缠。[17][18]尽つき管かん这一阶段的光合作用效率非常高，但ただし是ぜ目前もくぜん仍不清楚せいそ这些量子りょうし效こう应究竟くっきょう如何いか，或ある者もの是ぜ否ひ是ぜ生物せいぶつ学がく上相かみや关的。[19]

参まいり见

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参考さんこう资料

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  • W.G. Cooper, "Evidence for transcriptase quantum processing implies entanglement and decoherence of superposition proton states." BioSystems, 97, pp. 73–89, 2009.
  • W.G. Cooper, "Necessity of quantum coherence to account for the spectrum of time-dependent mutations exhibited bacteriophage T4." Biochem. Genet. 47, 892, 2009; doi:10.1007/s10528-009-9293-8.
  • F. H. Thaheld, "An interdisciplinary approach to certain fundamental issues in the fields of physics and biology: towards a unified theory" BioSystems, 80, pp. 41–56, 2005.
  • J. Gilmore and R. H. McKenzie, "Spin boson models for quantum decoherence of electronic excitations of biomolecules and quantum dots in a solvent," Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 17(10), pp. 1735–1746, 2005.
  • S. Hameroff and J. Tuszynski, "Quantum states in proteins and protein assemblies: the essence of life?" Proc. SPIE Fluctuations and Noise in Biological, Biophysical, and Biomedical Systems II, Eds. D. Abbott, S.M. Bezrukov, A. Der, and A. Sánchez, 5467, pp. 27–41, Canary Islands, 2004. p
  • P.C.W. Davies, "Does quantum mechanics play a non-trivial role in life?" BioSystems, 78, pp. 69–79, 2004.
  • A. F. Rocha, E. Massad and F. A. B. Coutinho, "Can the human brain do quantum computing?" Medical Hypotheses, 63, pp. 895–899, 2004.
  • A. U. Igamberdiev, "Quantum computation, non-demolition measurements, and reflective control in living systems," BioSystems, 77, pp. 47–56, 2004.
  • S. R. Hameroff, "A new theory of the origin of cancer: quantum coherent entanglement, centrioles, mitosis, and differentiation," BioSystems, 77, pp. 119–136, 2004.
  • Z.-X. Liang and J. P. Klinman, "Structural bases of hydrogen tunneling in enzymes: progress and puzzles," Current Opinion in Structural Biology, 14, pp. 468–655, 2004.
  • P.C.W. Davies, "Emergent biological principles and the computational properties of the universe," Complexity, 10(2), pp. 11–15, 2004.

Cambridge, 1946.

  • C. W. Smith, "Quanta and coherence effects in water and living systems," The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 10(1), pp. 69–78, 2004.
  • L. Hackermuller, S. Uttenthaler, K. Hornberger, E. Reiger, B. Brezger, A. Zeilinger, and M. Arndt, "Wave nature of biomolecules and fluorofullerenes," Physical Review Letters, 91(9), 090408, 2003.
  • O. Nariz, M. Arndt, and A. Zeilinger, "Quantum interference experiments with large molecules," American Journal of Physics, 71(4), pp. 319–325, 2003.
  • S. Axelsson, "Perspectives on handedness, life and physics," Medical Hypotheses, 61(2), pp. 267–274, 2003.
  • S. R. Hameroff, A. Nip, M. Porter, and J. Tuszynski, "Conduction pathways in microtubules, biological quantum computation, and consciousness," BioSystems, 64, pp. 146–168, 2002.
  • V. Helms, "Electronic excitations of biomolecules studied by quantum chemistry," Current Opinion in Structural Biology, 12, pp. 169–175, 2002.
  • S. M. Hitchcock, "Photosynthetic quantum computers," arXiv:quant-ph/0108087, 2001.
  • V. Gogonea, D. Suarez, A. van der Vaart and K. M. Merz, "New developments in applying quantum mechanics to proteins," Current Opinion in Structural Biology, 11, pp. 217–223, 2001.
  • M. Kameyama, "Quantum cellular biology: a curious example of a cat," Medical Hypotheses, 57(3), pp. 358–360, 2001.
  • M. Tegmark, "Why the brain is probably not a quantum computer," Information Sciences, 128, pp. 155–179, 2000.
  • K. Matsuno, "Is there a biology of quantum information? ," BioSystems, 55, pp. 39–46, 2000.
  • M. Tegmark, "The importance of quantum decoherence in brain processes," Physical Review E, 61(4), pp. 4194–4206, 2000.
  • H. S. Green, "Measurement and the observer," Chapter 8 in Information Theory and Quantum Physics: Physical Foundations for Understanding the Conscious Process, Springer, pp. 172–209, 2000.
  • E. Bieberich, "Probing quantum coherence in a biological system by means of DNA amplification," BioSystems, 57, pp. 109–124, 2000.
  • A. Kohen and J. Klinman, "Hydrogen tunneling in biology," Chemistry and Biology, 6, pp. R191-R198, 1999.
  • W. J. Meggs, "Biological homing: hypothesis for a quantum effect that leads to the existence of life," Medical Hypotheses, 51, pp. 503–506, 1998.
  • M. Tegmark, "Does the universe in fact contain almost no information?" Foundations of Physics Letters, 9(1), pp. 25–42, 1996.
  • S. Hameroff and R. Penrose, "Orchestrated reduction of quantum coherence in brain microtubules: A model for consciousness," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 40, pp. 453–480, 1996.
  • D. V. Nanopoulos, "Theory of brain function, quantum mechanics and superstrings," arXiv: hep-ph/950374, 1995.


注ちゅう释

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  1. ^ Tae-Chang Kim, Eric Chaisson. Science, Education and Future Generations. Taylor & Francis Ltd. 1999: 26. ISBN 978-9057005381. 
  2. ^ Ian Brown, Zengliang Yu, Thiraphat Vilaithong. Introduction to Ion Beam Biotechnology. Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 2005: 97. ISBN 978-0387255316. 
  3. ^ Quantum Biology. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group. http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/quantum_biology/ （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）
  4. ^ http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/01/070116133617.htm （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆） Science Daily Quantum Biology: Powerful Computer Models Reveal Key Biological Mechanism Retrieved Oct 14, 2007
  5. ^ H.M. Wiseman, J. Eisert Nontrivial quantum effects in biology: A skeptical physicists' view arXiv:0705.1232v2 [physics.gen-ph]
  6. ^ Davies PC.Does quantum mechanics play a non-trivial role in life? Biosystems. 2004 Dec;78(1-3):69-79.
  7. ^ Ogryzko VV. Erwin Schrödinger, Francis Crick and epigenetic stability.Biol Direct. 2008 Apr 17;3:15.[1] （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆） [2] （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）
  8. ^ Cooper WG.Evidence for transcriptase quantum processing implies entanglement and decoherence of superposition proton states. BioSystems. 2009 Aug; 97:73-89.doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2009.04.010
  9. ^ Cooper WG. Necessity of quantum coherence to account for the spectrum of time-dependent mutations exhibited by bacteriophage T4. Biochem. Genet. 2009 Oct; doi:10.1007/s10528-009-9293-8
  10. ^ Quantum Secrets of Photosynthesis Revealed. [2010-07-19]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2017-10-22）. 
  11. ^ Garab, G. Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects: Proceedings of the XIth International Congress on Photosynthesis. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1999. ISBN 978-0792355472. 
  12. ^ Levine, Raphael D. Molecular Reaction Dynamics. Cambridge University Press. 2005: 16–18. ISBN 978-0521842761. 
  13. ^ Binhi, Vladimir N. Magnetobiology: Underlying Physical Problems. Academic Press. 2002: 14–16. ISBN 978-0121000714. 
  14. ^ Harald Krug, Harald Brune, Gunter Schmid, Ulrich Simon, Viola Vogel, Daniel Wyrwa, Holger Ernst, Armin Grunwald, Werner Grunwald, Heinrich Hofmann. Nanotechnology: Assessment and Perspectives. Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K. 2006: 197–240. ISBN 978-3540328193. 
  15. ^ http://rodgers.org.uk/research/ （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆） Chris Rodgers, The Spin Chemistry of Bird Navigation 2005
  16. ^ http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/08/070827174303.htm （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆） Math Model For Circadian Rhythm Created, ScienceDaily, August 30, 2007
  17. ^ Sarovar, Mohan; Ishizaki, Akihito; Fleming, Graham R.; Whaley, K. Birgitta. Quantum entanglement in photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes. Nature Physics. 2010, 6 (6): 462–467. Bibcode:2010NatPh...6..462S. arXiv:0905.3787 可免费查阅. doi:10.1038/nphys1652. 
  18. ^ Engel GS, Calhoun TR, Read EL, Ahn TK, Mancal T, Cheng YC; et al. Evidence for wavelike energy transfer through quantum coherence in photosynthetic systems.. Nature. 2007, 446 (7137): 782–6 [2014-02-23]. Bibcode:2007Natur.446..782E. PMID 17429397. doi:10.1038/nature05678. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2017-06-17）. 
  19. ^ Scholes GS. Quantum-Coherent Electronic Energy Transfer: Did Nature Think of It First?. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 2010, 1: 2–8. doi:10.1021/jz900062f. 

扩展阅读

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  • Atomistic approaches in modern biology : from quantum chemistry to molecular simulations by Markus Reiher; L Bertini. Berlin ; New York : Springer, 2007. ISBN 978-3-540-38082-5
  • Molecular structure and dynamics in biology. by Roman Osman; Guiliano Alagona; Caterina Ghio; International Society for Quantum Biology and Pharmacology.Wiley, 1999. OCLC: 82140679
  • Theoretical chemistry in biology : from molecular structure to functional mechanisms. by Peter Kollman; Harel Weinstein John Wiley and Sons, 1998. OCLC: 80429626

外部がいぶ链接

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背景はいけい
主しゅ領域りょういき
跨またが領域りょういき
背景はいけい
基礎きそ
表おもて述じゅつ
方かた程ほど
空間くうかん幾何きか
詮かい釋しゃく
實驗じっけん
量子りょうし纳米科学かがく（英えい语：Quantum nanoscience）
量子りょうし技術ぎじゅつ
進すすむ階かい研究けんきゅう
物理ぶつり學者がくしゃ
规范控ひかえ制せい数すう据すえ库：各地かくち 編輯維基數據鏈接
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