唾つば

唾つば U+553E, 唾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-553E ← 唽 [U+553D] CJK Unified Ideographs 唿 → [U+553F]

Translingual

Han character

唾つば (Kangxi radical 30, 口くち+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口くち竹ちく十じゅう一いち (RHJM), four-corner 6201₄, composition ⿰口くち垂たれ)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 194, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3785
• Dae Jaweon: page 414, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 641, character 14
• Unihan data for U+553E

Chinese

trad.		唾つば
simp. #		唾つば

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 唾つば
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (垂たれ) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
埵	*toːlʔ
綞	*toːlʔ
涶	*tʰoːl, *tʰoːls
唾つば	*tʰoːls
厜	*stol
腄	*tol, *dols, *ɢʷɯ
箠	*tol, *tjolʔ
娷	*tols
諈	*tols
錘おもり	*dol, *dols, *du
甀	*dol, *dols
硾	*dols
捶	*tjolʔ
垂たれ	*djol
陲	*djol
倕	*djol
菙	*djolʔ
睡ねむ	*djols

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *tʰoːls) : semantic 口くち + phonetic 垂たれ (OC *djol).

Etymology

Sino-Tibetan; compare Tibetan ཐོ་ལེ (tho le, “spit”), Burmese တွေး (twe:, “spittle”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2014).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): tuò (tuo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): to⁴

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): to³ / toe³ / tou³ / toe⁵

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): tu⁴

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): tho

  (Meixian, Guangdong): to⁴ / tui⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): te³
• Eastern Min (BUC): tó̤
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tui⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thò / thò͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): to²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵thu
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): to⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tuò
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tuò
    • Wade–Giles: tʻo⁴
    • Yale: twò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuoh
    • Palladius: то (to)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: to⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: to
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰo²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: to³ / toe³ / tou³ / toe⁵
    • Yale: to / teu / tou / téuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: to³ / toe³ / tou³ / toe⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: to³ / tê³ / tou³ / tê⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔː³³/, /tʰœː³³/, /tʰou̯³³/, /tʰœː¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: tu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tho
    • Hakka Romanization System: to
    • Hagfa Pinyim: to⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰo⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: to⁴ / tui⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰo⁵³/, /tʰuɪ⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: te³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰɤ⁴⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tó̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔ²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: tui⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: tu̍i
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰui⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thò
    • Tâi-lô: thò
    • Phofsit Daibuun: toix
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰo¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰo⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰo²¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɤ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thò͘
    • Tâi-lô: thòo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tox
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔ⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: to²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thó
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰo⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵thu
    • MiniDict: thu^去さ
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²thu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰu³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: to⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰo⁴⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: thwaH

Rime
Character	唾つば
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	透とおる (6)
Final (韻いん)	戈ほこ (95)
Tone (調しらべ)	Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Closed
Division (等ひとし)	I
Fanqie	湯ゆ卧切きり
Baxter	thwaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuɑH/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuɑH/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰuɑH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰwaH/
Li Rong	/tʰuɑH/
Wang Li	/tʰuɑH/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰuɑH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tuò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	to3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰˤoj-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tʰoːls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	唾つば
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tuò
Middle Chinese	‹ thwaH ›
Old Chinese	/*tʰˁoj-s/
English	to spit (Sagart & Ma, 2020)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	唾つば
Reading #	1/1
No.	1661
Phonetic component	垂たれ
Rime group	歌うた
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	唾つば
Old Chinese	/*tʰoːls/

Definitions

唾つば

1. saliva

   唾つば腺せん  ―  tuòxiàn  ―  salivary gland

2. to spit
3. to spit at; to spit with contempt
4. to vomit

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 口くち水すい (“saliva; drool”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		涎よだれ, 唾つば
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		唾液だえき, 口くち涎よだれ, 口くち水すい
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	哈喇子こ
	Taiwan	口くち水すい
	Ulanhot	哈喇子こ
	Tongliao	哈喇子こ
	Chifeng	唾つば沫あわ
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	哈喇子こ
	Harbin	口くち水すい, 哈喇子こ
	Shenyang	吃水きっすい, 哈喇子こ
	Singapore	口くち水すい
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	哈喇子こ
	Jinan	吃ども拉ひしげ拉ひしげ, 咧涎, 涎よだれ線せん, 哈喇子こ
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	痴ち水すい, 痴ち水痘すいとう兒じ
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	涎よだれ水すい
	Zhengzhou	嘴くちばし水すい
	Xi'an	涎よだれ水すい
	Xining	涎よだれ水すい
	Xuzhou	口くち水すい, 口くち婁水
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	涎よだれ水すい
	Bayanhot	涎よだれ水すい, 口くち水すい
	Lanzhou	涎よだれ水すい
	Ürümqi	涎よだれ水すい, 哈喇子こ
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	口くち水すい, 憨口水すい, 清しん口こう水すい
	Chongqing	口くち水すい
	Wuhan	涎よだれ, 涎よだれ水すい
	Guiyang	口くち水すい
	Kunming	口くち水すい
	Guilin	口くち水すい
	Liuzhou	口くち水すい, 口くち漦 dated
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	口くち水すい
	Yangzhou	口くち水すい
	Nantong	涎よだれ, 唾つば沫あわ
	Hefei	口くち水すい
Cantonese	Guangzhou	口くち水すい
	Hong Kong	口くち水すい
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	口くち水すい
	Macau	口くち水すい
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	口くち水すい
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	口くち水すい
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	口くち水すい
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	口くち水すい
	Foshan	口くち水すい
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	口くち水すい
	Foshan (Shunde)	口くち水すい
	Foshan (Sanshui)	口くち水すい
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	口くち水すい
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	口くち瀾
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	口くち瀾
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	口くち水すい
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	口くち水すい
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	口くち水すい
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	口くち水すい
	Taishan	口くち水すい
	Kaiping (Chikan)	口くち水すい
	Enping (Niujiang)	口くち水すい
	Heshan (Yayao)	口くち水泡すいほう
	Dongguan	口くち水すい
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	口くち水すい
	Shaoguan	口くち水すい
	Yunfu	口くち水すい
	Yangjiang	口くち水すい
	Xinyi	口くち水すい
	Lianjiang	口くち水すい
	Nanning	口くち水すい
	Wuzhou	口くち水すい
	Yulin	涎よだれ水すい
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	涎よだれ水すい, 口くち水すい
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	口くち水すい
	Singapore (Guangfu)	口くち水すい
	Yangon (Taishan)	口くち水すい
	Mandalay (Taishan)	口くち水すい
Gan	Nanchang	涎よだれ
	Lichuan	口くち瀾
	Pingxiang	饞水
Hakka	Meixian	口くち瀾, 口くち瀾水, 口くち水すい
	Xingning	口くち瀾
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	口くち水すい
	Huidong (Daling)	口くち水すい
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	口くち水すい
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	口くち水すい
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	口くち水すい
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	口くち水すい
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	口くち水すい
	Wengyuan	口くち水すい
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	口くち瀾
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	口くち水すい
	Liannan	口くち水すい
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	口くち水すい
	Jiexi	口くち瀾
	Luhe	口くち水すい
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	嘴くちばし瀾水
	Changting	口くち瀾
	Wuping	口くち瀾
	Wuping (Yanqian)	喉のど瀾
	Wuping (Pingyu)	口くち瀾
	Liancheng	口くち瀾
	Ninghua	口くち瀾
	Yudu	喉のど瀾水
	Ningdu	口くち瀾水
	Ruijin	夫おっと瀾水, 夫おっと瀾
	Shicheng	口くち瀾
	Shangyou (Shexi)	口くち瀾
	Tonggu (Sandu)	口くち水すい
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	口くち水すい
	Dayu	口くち水すい
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	口くち瀾, 口くち瀾水
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	口くち瀾, 口くち瀾水
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	口くち水すい, 口くち瀾, 口くち瀾水
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	口くち瀾, 口くち瀾水
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	口くち瀾, 口くち瀾水
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	口くち瀾, 口くち瀾水
	Hong Kong	口くち水すい
	Mengshan (Xihe)	口くち水すい
	Luchuan	口くち水すい
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	口くち水すい
	Sabah (Longchuan)	口くち水すい
	Senai (Huiyang)	口くち水すい
	Singkawang	口くち水すい
Huizhou	Jixi	口くち涎よだれ, 口くち水すい
Jin	Taiyuan	涎よだれ水すい, 唾つば沫あわ, 吐沫
	Xinzhou	涎よだれ水すい
	Taibus (Baochang)	涎よだれ水すい
	Linhe	涎よだれ水すい
	Jining	涎よだれ水すい
	Hohhot	涎よだれ拉ひしげ子こ
	Baotou	涎よだれ水すい
	Dongsheng	涎よだれ水すい
	Haibowan	涎よだれ水すい
Northern Min	Jian'ou	瀾, 瀾水
	Jianyang (Huangkeng)	唾つば
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	瀾
	Fuzhou (Changle)	瀾
	Fuqing	瀾
	Yongtai	瀾
	Gutian	瀾
	Fu'an	瀾
	Ningde	瀾
	Shouning	瀾
	Zhouning	瀾
	Fuding	瀾
Southern Min	Xiamen	瀾, 喙瀾, 津つ液えき
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	瀾
	Quanzhou	瀾, 喙瀾, 津つ液えき
	Zhangzhou	瀾, 喙瀾, 津つ液えき
	Zhao'an	瀾
	Taipei	瀾, 喙瀾
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	喙瀾
	Kaohsiung	瀾, 喙瀾
	Yilan	瀾, 喙瀾
	Changhua (Lukang)	瀾
	Taichung	瀾, 喙瀾
	Taichung (Wuqi)	喙瀾
	Tainan	瀾, 喙瀾
	Taitung	喙瀾
	Hsinchu	瀾, 喙瀾
	Kinmen	瀾
	Penghu (Magong)	瀾, 喙瀾
	Penang (Hokkien)	瀾
	Singapore (Hokkien)	瀾, 喙瀾
	Longyan	喙瀾
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	瀾水
	Chaozhou	瀾
	Shantou	瀾
	Jieyang	瀾
	Haifeng	瀾
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	瀾
	Singapore (Teochew)	瀾, 喙瀾
	Leizhou	瀾
	Wenchang	瀾
	Haikou	瀾, 瀾水
	Qionghai	瀾
	Singapore (Hainanese)	瀾
Puxian Min	Putian	瀾
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	瀾
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	瀾
	Xianyou	瀾
	Xianyou (Fengting)	瀾
	Xianyou (Youyang)	瀾
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	呲嘴瀾
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	涎よだれ
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	口くち水すい
Wu	Shanghai	饞唾, 饞唾水すい
	Shanghai (Chongming)	饞唾水すい
	Suzhou	饞唾, 饞唾水すい
	Danyang	痰たん吐, 涎よだれ吐, 饞吐
	Hangzhou	饞唾, 饞唾水すい兒じ
	Ningbo	饞唾水すい, 饞茶水すい, 瀾唾水すい
	Wenzhou	口くち瀾水, 饞瀾, 瀾
	Jinhua	口くち唾つば水すい
Xiang	Changsha	饞
	Xiangtan	痰たん水子みずこ
	Loudi	口くち水すい, 饞
	Shuangfeng	口くち水すい, 饞
	Hengyang	口くち水すい
	Quanzhou	口くち水すい

Compounds

• 一いち唾つば
• 不ふ顧而唾つば／不ふ顾而唾つば
• 乾いぬい嚥えん唾つば／干ひ咽のど唾つば
• 交唾
• 交詈聚唾
• 口くち唾つば
• 咽のど唾つば
• 咳唾がいだ
• 咳唾がいだ成なり珠たま
• 咳せき珠たま唾つば玉だま
• 唾つば井い
• 唾つば取と
• 唾つば吐
• 唾つば噦／唾つば哕
• 唾つば地ち成文せいぶん
• 唾つば壺つぼ／唾つば壶 (tuòhú)
• 唾つば壺つぼ擊げき缺かけ／唾つば壶击缺かけ
• 唾つば壺つぼ敲缺／唾つば壶敲缺かけ
• 唾つば手しゅ
• 唾つば手しゅ可か取と
• 唾つば手しゅ可か得とく (tuòshǒukědé)
• 唾つば掌てのひら
• 唾つば斥
• 唾つば是ぜ命いのち
• 唾棄だき／唾つば弃 (tuòqì)
• 唾つば沫あわ (tuòmo)
• 唾つば沫あわ星ぼし
• 唾つば沫あわ星子せいこ (tuòmo xīngzi)
• 唾つば沫あわ直ちょく嚥えん／唾つば沫あわ直ちょく咽のど
• 唾つば津つ
• 唾つば洟はな
• 唾つば津つ兒じ／唾つば津つ儿
• 唾つば涕
• 唾つば涎よだれ
• 唾液だえき (tuòyè)
• 唾液腺だえきせん (tuòyèxiàn)
• 唾つば玉だま
• 唾つば盂 (tuòyú)
• 唾つば視し／唾つば视
• 唾つば絨／唾つば绒
• 唾つば罵ののし／唾つば骂 (tuòmà)
• 唾つば耳みみ
• 唾つば背せ
• 唾腺だせん (tuòxiàn)
• 唾つば辱はずかしめ
• 唾つば酒しゅ
• 唾つば面めん
• 唾つば面めん自じ乾いぬい／唾つば面めん自じ干ひ
• 唾つば餘あまり／唾つば余あまり
• 噀唾
• 嚥えん唾つば／咽のど唾つば
• 寶たから唾つば／宝たから唾つば
• 拾ひろえ人じん唾つば涕
• 拾ひろえ人じん唾つば餘あまり／拾ひろえ人じん唾つば余あまり
• 拾ひろえ人じん涕唾
• 拾ひろえ唾つば餘あまり／拾ひろえ唾つば余あまり
• 拾ひろえ餘あまり唾つば／拾ひろえ余あまり唾つば
• 擊げき唾つば壺つぼ／击唾壶
• 擊碎げきさい唾つば壺つぼ／击碎唾つば壶
• 棄唾／弃唾
• 欬唾
• 欬唾成なり珠たま
• 止とめ唾つば
• 津つ唾つば
• 涎よだれ唾つば
• 涕唾
• 玉たま唾つば
• 玉たま唾つば壺つぼ／玉たま唾つば壶
• 珠たま唾つば
• 珠たま璣咳唾つば／珠たま玑咳唾つば (zhūjīkétuò)
• 衉唾
• 謦唾
• 銀ぎん鉤かぎ玉だま唾つば／银钩玉だま唾つば
• 霧きり唾つば／雾唾
• 餘よ唾つば／余よ唾つば
• 饞唾／馋唾

 

References

• 莆田市政しせい协文化ぶんか文ぶん史し和学わがく习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “唾つば”, in 莆仙方言ほうげん大だい词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 550.

Japanese

See also 唾つばする

Kanji

唾つば

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: た (ta)
• Kan-on: た (ta)
• Kan’yō-on: だ (da, Jōyō)
• Kun: つばき (tsubaki, 唾つば)、つば (tsuba, 唾つば, Jōyō)、つ (tsu, 唾つば)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
唾つば
つばき Grade: S
kun'yomi

Derived as the 連用形れんようけい (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of now-obsolete verb 唾つば吐はく (tsubaku, “to spit, to expectorate”), itself from 唾つば (tsu, “saliva”) + 吐はく (haku, “to expel from the mouth: to spit, to vomit, to exhale”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) つばき [tsùbákíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨba̠kʲi]

Noun

唾つば(つばき) • (tsubaki) 

1. spit, saliva

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
唾つば
つば Grade: S
kun'yomi

Appears to be a shortening of tsubaki above. Alternatively, may be a fusion of tsu below with particle は (wa, originally pa in Old Japanese, combining in some cases as ba).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) つば [tsúꜜbà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨba̠]

Noun

唾つば(つば) • (tsuba) 

1. spit, saliva

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
唾つば
つ Grade: S
kun'yomi

Appears to be the oldest form. Possibly onomatopoeia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨ]

Noun

唾つば(つ) • (tsu) 

1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) spit, saliva

Korean

Hanja

唾つば (eumhun 침 타 (chim ta))

1. hanja form^? of 타 (“saliva”)

Compounds

• 타액 (唾液だえき, taaek, “saliva”)

Vietnamese

Han character

唾つば: Hán Nôm readings: thóa/thoá

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