|
|
Translingual
editHan character
editDerived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 712, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20432
- Dae Jaweon: page 1124, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1350, character 7
- Unihan data for U+72FC
Chinese
editsimp. and trad. |
---|
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
剆 | *raːl, *raːlʔ |
*raːŋ | |
稂 | *raːŋ |
桹 | *raːŋ |
鋃 | *raːŋ |
硠 | *raːŋ |
*raːŋ, *raːŋs | |
蜋 | *raːŋ, *raŋ |
琅 | *raːŋ |
*raːŋ | |
欴 | *raːŋ |
踉 | *raːŋ, *raŋ, *raŋs |
*raːŋ, *raːŋs | |
艆 | *raːŋ |
駺 | *raːŋ |
躴 | *raːŋ |
筤 | *raːŋ |
閬 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
哴 | *raːŋ, *raŋs |
蓈 | *raːŋ |
*raːŋ | |
榔 | *raːŋ, *raːŋʔ |
螂 | *raːŋ |
瑯 | *raːŋ |
*raːŋʔ | |
朖 | *raːŋʔ |
誏 | *raːŋʔ |
俍 | *raːŋʔ |
崀 | *raːŋʔ |
埌 | *raːŋs |
蒗 | *raːŋs |
*naŋ | |
*raŋ | |
粮 | *raŋ |
悢 | *raŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (
Etymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nang2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лон (lon, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): lang4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): lon1
- Northern Min (KCR): lǒng
- Eastern Min (BUC): lòng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6laon
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lan2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: láng
- Wade–Giles: lang2
- Yale: láng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lang
- Palladius: лан (lan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɑŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nang2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lang
- Sinological IPA (key): /naŋ²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лон (lon, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɑŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: long4
- Yale: lòhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: long4
- Guangdong Romanization: long4
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɔːŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: long3
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɔŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: lang4
- Sinological IPA (key): /laŋ³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lòng
- Hakka Romanization System: longˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: long2
- Sinological IPA: /loŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: lon1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /lɒ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lǒng
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɔŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lòng
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃ouŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, General Taiwanese, Klang)
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
- Tâi-lô: liông
- Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³/
- IPA (Taipei): /liɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâng
- Tâi-lô: lâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: laang
- IPA (Longyan): /laŋ¹¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: lang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /laŋ⁵⁵/
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: lan2
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃an¹³/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: lang
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤaŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*raːŋ/
Definitions
edit- wolf (Classifier:
匹 m;隻 /只 m c;條 /条 m;頭 /头 m)- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Níng Chéng wèi Jǐnán dōuwèi, qí zhì rú láng mùyáng. [Pinyin]
- When Ning Cheng was the commandant of Jinan, his governance was like a wolf tending to sheep.
寧 成 為 濟 南 都 尉 ,其治 如狼 牧羊 。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
宁成 为济南都 尉 ,其治 如狼 牧羊 。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (figurative) dirty guy; pervert
- (Cantonese) cruel; ruthless
Synonyms
edit- (wolf):
Compounds
edit中山 狼 使 羊 將 狼 /使 羊 将 狼 出 醜 狼藉 /出 丑 狼 借 北美 狼 周章 狼狽 /周章 狼 狈 (zhōuzhānglángbèi)土 狼 (tǔláng)天 狼 (Tiānláng)天 狼 星 (Tiānlángxīng)- 套白
狼 - 如狼
似 虎 - 如狼如虎
- 如狼
牧羊 - 如虎如狼
官 虎 吏狼- 引狼
入室 (yǐnlángrùshì) 德 國 狼 犬 /德 国 狼 犬 戰 狼 /战狼 (zhànláng)拒 虎 進 狼 /拒 虎 进狼杯盤 狼 籍 /杯 盘狼籍 杯盤狼藉 /杯 盘狼借 (bēipánlángjí)狗 肺 狼 心 (gǒufèilángxīn)狗 行 狼 心 狼 人 (lángrén, “werewolf”)狼 伉狼 來 了 /狼 来 了 狼 僕 /狼 仆狼 分 狼 卜 食 狼 吃 幞頭狼 吞虎咽 (lángtūnhǔyàn)狼 吞虎噬狼 吞虎嚥 /狼 吞虎咽 (lángtūnhǔyàn)狼 嗥狼 嗥鬼叫 (lángháoguǐjiào)狼 多肉 少 (lángduōròushǎo)狼 奔豕突狼 奔鼠竄/狼 奔鼠窜狼 子 (lángzǐ)狼 子 獸心 /狼 子 兽心狼 子 野心 (lángzǐyěxīn)狼 尾 草 狼 居 胥山狼 山 (Lángshān)狼 山 雞/狼 山 鸡狼 崽子狼 心 (lángxīn)狼 心 狗 幸 (lángxīn gǒu xìng)狼 心 狗 肺 (lángxīngǒufèi)狼 心 狗 行 (láng xīn gǒu xíng)狼 戾 (lánglì)狼 抗 狼 毒 狼 毛筆 /狼 毛 笔狼 毫 (lángháo)狼 烽狼煙 /狼 烟 (lángyān)狼煙 四 起 /狼 烟 四 起 狼 牙 (lángyá)狼 牙 拍 狼 牙 棒 狼 犬 狼 犺狼 狗 (lánggǒu)狼狽 /狼 狈 (lángbèi)狼狽 不堪 /狼 狈不堪 狼狽 為 奸/狼 狈为奸 (lángbèiwéijiān)狼狽 相 倚/狼 狈相倚狼狽 萬 狀 /狼 狈万状 狼狽 而逃/狼 狈而逃狼 猛 蜂 毒 狼 獾 (lánghuān)狼 瘡 /狼 疮 (lángchuāng)狼 窩/狼 窝 (lángwō)狼 籍 (lángjí)狼 胥狼藉 /狼 借 (lángjí)狼 虎 藥 /狼 虎 药狼 虎 路 狼 號 鬼 叫 /狼 号 鬼 叫 狼 號 鬼哭 /狼 号 鬼哭 狼 貪 /狼 贪狼 貪 鼠 竊/狼 贪鼠窃狼 跋 狼 音 (lángyīn)狼 顧/狼 顾狼 顧狐疑 /狼 顾狐疑 狼 飧虎嚥 /狼 飧虎咽 狼 餐狼 餐虎嚥 /狼 餐虎咽 狼 魚 /狼 鱼狼 鰭 魚 /狼 鳍鱼生 狼 白 狼 白 狼 河 白眼 兒 狼 /白眼 儿狼 (báiyǎnrláng)粒 米 狼 戾 羊 狠狼貪 /羊 狠狼贪聲名 狼藉 /声名 狼 借 (shēngmínglángjí)臥 狼 當 道 /卧狼当 道 色 狼 (sèláng)花 臉狼/花 脸狼虎 咽 狼 吞虎狼 (hǔláng)虎狼 之 口 虎狼 之 國 /虎狼 之 国 虎狼 之 師 /虎狼 之 师 (hǔláng zhī shī)虎狼 之 心 虎 豹 豺狼 (hǔbàocháiláng)虎 體 狼 腰 /虎 体 狼 腰 (hǔ tǐ láng yāo)彪 腹 狼 腰 (biāo fù láng yāo)豕 突狼奔豺狼 (cháiláng)豺狼 塞 路 豺狼 成 性 豺狼 橫道 /豺狼 横道 豺狼 當 塗 /豺狼 当 涂豺狼 當路 /豺狼 当路 豺狼 當 道 /豺狼 当 道 (cháilángdāngdào)豺狼 虎 豹 (cháilánghǔbào)豺狼 野心 貪 狼 /贪狼- 贓汙
狼藉 /赃污狼 借 野心 狼 餓 狼 /饿狼 (èláng)首尾 狼狽 /首尾 狼 狈鬼哭 狼 嚎 (guǐkūlángháo)鬼哭 狼 號 /鬼哭 狼 号 鷹 視 狼 步 /鹰视狼 步 鷹 視 狼 顧/鹰视狼 顾黃 鼠 狼 /黄 鼠 狼 (huángshǔláng)鼠 攛狼奔/鼠 撺狼奔鼠 竄狼奔/鼠 窜狼奔
Japanese
editKanji
editReadings
edit- Go-on: ろう (rō)←らう (rau, historical)
- Kan-on: ろう (rō)←らう (rau, historical)
- Kun: おおかみ (ōkami,
狼 )←おほかみ (ofokami,狼 , historical)、おおかめ (ōkame, おおかめ)←おほかめ (ofokame,狼 , historical)
Compounds
editOn'yomi:
狼 咽 (rōin): cleft palate狼 烟 (rōen): a signal fire狼 煙 (rōen): a signal fire狼 火 (rōka): a signal fire狼 牙 棒 (rōgebō): a wolf's teeth mace狼 子 野 心 (rōshiyashin): untamed狼 藉日 (rōjakunichi): in the Onmyōdō religion, a day when everything is evil狼 燧 (rōsui): a signal fire狼 星 (rōsei): Sirius, the Dog Star狼 藉 (rōzeki): disorderly; violent; savage狼 藉者 (rōzekimono): a ruffian狼 瘡 (rōsō): lupus狼 毒 (rōdoku): Japanese wolfsbane, a poisonous perennial of the family Thymelaeaceae狼 狽 (rōbai): panic, confusion狼 戻 (rōrei): disorderly; violent; savage
Kun'yomi:
狼 男 (ōkami otoko): a wolfman, a werewolf狼 座 (ōkamiza): the Lupus constellation狼 人 間 (ōkami ningen): a werewolf狼 弾 (ōkami hajiki)狼 者 (ōkamimono): a brazen, impudent, or cunning person
Irregular:
Etymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
おおかみ Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
/opo kami2/ → /opokami/ → /ofokami/ → /owokami/ → /oːkami/
From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of
First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- a wolf (animal)
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:
狐 狼 上 扈反,倭 言 岐都禰,又 狐 諼獸鬼 所 乘 有 三徳 ,狐疑 不定 也,狼 音 良 ,訓 ,似 犬 也,倭 言 大神 也- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 7, page 56:
- 犲狼 [...]
説 文 云 、狼 、音 郎 、於保加美 、和名 二 字 、本草 和名 、犲皮、和名 於保加美 、雄略 紀 、豺狼 二 字 同 訓 、貝原 氏 曰、狼 、於保加美 [...]- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 18, page 17:(Shinpukuji manuscript)
- 犲狼:
兼 名苑 云 狼 一名犲音於説文云狼音即和名於保加美 似 犬 而銃頭 白 頬 者 也爾雅 注 云 獥音叫 狼 子 也- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 1177-1188: Iroha Jiruishō
狼 (オホカミ)- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1444: Kagakushū (Volume 13)
狼 (ヲヽカミ)- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Short for
日本 狼 (Nihon-ōkami, “Japanese wolf”).- 2006 May 20, Michiyo Akaishi, “
最 終 話 [Final Chapter]”, in AMAKUSA1637 [Amakusa 1637], volume 12 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 179:狼 って絶 滅 してないの?- Ōkami tte zetsumetsu shite nai no?
- Aren’t wolves supposed to be extinct?
狼 いっぱいいますよー どうしたんです会 長 今日 は- Ōkami ippai imasu yō Dō shitan desu kaichō kyō wa
- Wolves are all alive and well. Why are you acting so strange today, chief?
Usage notes
edit- As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as オオカミ.
See also
edit- (canids) イヌ
科 (Inu-ka, “Canidae”);犬 (inu, “dog”),狼 (ōkami, “wolf”),狐 (kitsune, “fox”), コヨーテ (koyōte, “coyote”), ジャッカル (jakkaru, “jackal”) (Category: ja:Canids)
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
おおかめ Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
Alteration from ōkami above. Appears in the Kamakura period.[1][4]
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- (possibly obsolete) a wolf (animal)
- 1593: Esopono fabulas (Aesop's Fables), "Vôcameto, fitcujino tatoyeno coto"
- Aru cauabatani vôcamemo, fitcujimo mizzuuo nomuni, [...]
- Aru cauabatani vôcamemo, fitcujimo mizzuuo nomuni, [...]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 697:
- Vôcame. ヲゥカメ (
狼 )狼 .- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1632, Diego Collado, Dictionarium Sive Thesauri Linguae Iaponicae Compendium, page 75:
- Lupus, i: lobo: yàmàinu. vel, vocame:
- Lupus, i: lobo: yàmàinu. vel, vocame:
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1593: Esopono fabulas (Aesop's Fables), "Vôcameto, fitcujino tatoyeno coto"
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “
狼 ”, in日本 国語 大 辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006 - ^ “
狼 ”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months - ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK
日本語 発音 アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),
大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
- Kamei, Takashi (1944) [1444] Kagakushū: Gennabon (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten
- Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.
- Tadakane, Tachibana with Atsuo Masamune (ed.) (c. 1177-1188) Iroha Jiruishō (in Japanese), Kazama Shobō, published 1971
- Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, →ISBN.
Korean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese
Hanja
editCompounds
editReferences
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (
國際 退 溪 學會 大邱 慶 北 支部 ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子 字典 . [3]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit
Compounds
edit- 𣋀
天 狼 (Sao Thiên Lang, “Sirius”)
References
edit- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- CJK Compatibility Ideographs block
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Sichuanese hanzi
- Dungan hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Taishanese hanzi
- Gan hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Jin hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Xiang hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with
狼 - Chinese nouns classified by
匹 - Chinese nouns classified by
隻 /只 - Chinese nouns classified by
條 /条 - Chinese nouns classified by
頭 /头 - Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Cantonese Chinese
- Cantonese terms with usage examples
- Elementary Mandarin
- zh:Canids
- zh:People
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese jinmeiyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ろう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading らう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ろう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading らう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おおかみ
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading おほかみ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おおかめ
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading おほかめ
- Japanese terms spelled with
狼 read as おおかみ - Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with
狼 - Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with quotations
- Japanese short forms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- ja:Canids
- Japanese terms spelled with
狼 read as おおかめ - Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- ja:Wolves
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean hanja
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Nom