乍

乍 U+4E4D, 乍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E4D ← 乌 [U+4E4C] CJK Unified Ideographs 乎 → [U+4E4E]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

乍 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹たけ尸しかばね (HS) or 人ひと尸しかばね (OS), four-corner 8021₁, composition ⿱𠂉⿰丨二に)

Derived characters

• 作さく, 泎, 咋, 怍, 拃, 阼, 岞, 妰, 炸, 昨さく, 柞なら, 胙, 㸲, 祚, 砟, 秨, 蚱, 舴, 䋏, 詐いつわり, 酢す, 䝫, 䟭, 䞢, 飵, 鈼, 䩆, 鮓すし, 齚, 厏, 岝, 苲, 㡸, 怎, 迮, 窄, 痄, 笮

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 82, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 130
• Dae Jaweon: page 165, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 35, character 3
• Unihan data for U+4E4D

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 乍
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script j27471 j27472 j27473 j27474 j27475 j27476 j27477 j27478 j27479 j27480 j27481 j27482 j27483 j27484 j27485 j27486 j27487 j27488 j27489 j27490 j27491 j27492 j27493 j27494 j27495 j27496 j27497 j27498 j27499 j27500 j27501 j27502 j27503 j27504 j27505 j27506 j27507 j27508 j27509 j27510 j27511 j27512 j27513 j27514 j27515 j27516 j27517 j27518 j27519 j27520 j27521 j27522 j27523 j27524 j27525 j27526 j27527 j27528 j27529 Bronze inscriptions b17714 b17715 b17716 b17717 b17718 b17719 b17720 b17721 b17722 b17723 b17724 b17725 b17726 b17727 b17728 b17729 b17730 b17731 b17732 b17733 b17734 b17735 b17736 b17737 b17738 b17739 b17740 b17741 b17742 b17743 b17744 b17745 b17746 b17747 b17748 b17749 b17750 b17751 b17752 b17753 b17754 b17755 b17756 b17757 b17758 b17759 b17760 b17761 b17762 b17763 b17764 b17765 b17766 b17767 b17768 b17769 b17770 b17771 b17772 b17773 b17774 b17775 b17776 b17777 b17778 b17779 b17780 b17781 b17782 b17783 b17784 b17785 b17786 b17787 b17788 b17789 b17790 b17791 b17792 b17793 b17794 b17795 b17796 b17797 b17798 b17799 b17800 b17801 b17802 b17803 b17804 b17805 b17806 b17807 b17808 b17809 b17810 b17811 b17812 b17813 b17814 b17815 b17816 b17817 b17818 b17819 b17820 b17821 b17822 b17823 b17824 b17825 b17826 b17827 b17828 b17829 b17830 b17831 b17832 b17833 b17834 b17835 b17836 b17837 b17838 b17839 b17840 b17841 b17842 b17843 b17844 b17845 b17846 b17847 b17848 b17849 Small seal script s09434 Transcribed ancient scripts L23775 L23776 L23777
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (乍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
作さく	*ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡ
鲊	*ʔsraːʔ
痄	*ʔsraːʔ
厏	*ʔsraːʔ, *zraːʔ
詐いつわり	*ʔsraːɡs
咋	*ʔsraːɡs, *zraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ
笮	*ʔsraːɡs, *zaːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
榨	*ʔsraːɡs
炸	*ʔr'aːɡs, *zreːb
乍	*zraːɡs
拃	*ʔsraːnʔ
酢す	*sʰaːɡs, *zaːɡ
祚	*zaːɡs
胙	*zaːɡs
阼	*zaːɡs
飵	*zaːɡs, *zaːɡ
秨	*zaːɡs, *zaːɡ
迮	*ʔsaːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
柞なら	*ʔsaːɡ, *zaːɡ
昨さく	*zaːɡ
怍	*zaːɡ
砟	*zaːɡ
莋	*zaːɡ
岝	*zaːɡ, *zraːɡ
鈼	*zaːɡ
筰	*zaːɡ
葃	*zaːɡ, *zreːɡ, *zaɡ
舴	*ʔr'aːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
窄	*ʔsraːɡ
蚱	*ʔsraːɡ
齚	*zraːɡ
泎	*zraːɡ

Pictogram (象形しょうけい) – an axe chopping wood. Original form of 柞なら.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		乍
alternative forms		𠆦

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhà (zha⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄚˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaa³ / zaa⁶
• Eastern Min (BUC): cá / câ / ciáh / ciá
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chā / chà / chèe
• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶zo

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhà
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhà
    • Wade–Giles: cha⁴
    • Yale: jà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jah
    • Palladius: чжа (čža)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zaa³ / zaa⁶
    • Yale: ja / jah
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaa³ / dzaa⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: za³ / za⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saː³³/, /t͡saː²²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cá / câ / ciáh / ciá
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑ²¹³/, /t͡sɑ²⁴²/, /t͡siɑʔ²⁴/, /t͡siɑ²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chā
    • Tâi-lô: tsā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: za
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sa²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sa⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chà
    • Tâi-lô: tsà
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zax
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sa²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sa⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèe
    • Tâi-lô: tsèe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɛ²¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zo
    • MiniDict: zo^去さ
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zo
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zo²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zo²³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: dzraeH

Rime
Character	乍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	崇たかし (20)
Final (韻いん)	麻あさ (98)
Tone (調しらべ)	Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open
Division (等ひとし)	II
Fanqie	鋤すき駕が切きり
Baxter	dzraeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒˠaH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐᵚaH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒaH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐaɨH/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒaH/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒaH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱaH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhà
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaa6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤrak-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zraːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乍
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhà
Middle Chinese	‹ dzræH ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁrak-s/
English	suddenly
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乍
Reading #	1/1
No.	16650
Phonetic component	乍
Rime group	暮くれ
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	乍
Old Chinese	/*zraːɡs/
Notes	曾憲けん通つう雲くも甲きのえ金きむ文ぶん象ぞう以耒起おこり土ど， 爲ため耕こう作さく字じ初はつ文ぶん

Definitions

乍

1. suddenly
2. at first
3. (Eastern Min) just; exactly
4. (Eastern Min) only a short while ago; just

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		乍
alternative forms		蘸

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chàⁿ

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• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chàⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tsànn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zvax
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sã²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sã⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sã²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sã¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sã²¹/

Definitions

乍

1. (Southern Min) to deep-fry slightly

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 炸 (“to deep-fry”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		炸, 油あぶら炸
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	炸
	Taiwan	炸
	Singapore	炸
Cantonese	Guangzhou	炸
	Hong Kong	炸
	Singapore (Guangfu)	炸
Hakka	Meixian	炸
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	浮
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	炸
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	浮
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	浮
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	浮, 炸
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	浮
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	浮
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	浮
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	糋
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	炸, 浮
Southern Min	Xiamen	糋, 浮, 乍
	Quanzhou	糋, 浮, 乍
	Zhangzhou	糋, 浮, 乍
	Tainan	糋, 浮, 乍 GT
	Penang (Hokkien)	糋
	Singapore (Hokkien)	糋
	Manila (Hokkien)	糋
	Chaozhou	炸
Wu	Shanghai	炸, 氽, 煠
	Suzhou	氽, 煠
	Wuxi	煠
	Hangzhou	煠, 氽
	Ningbo	煠, 氽
	Ningbo (Zhenhai)	煠
	Ningbo (Fenghua)	煠
	Zhoushan	煠
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 乍 – see 作さく (“to get up; to get up and go to work; etc.”). (This character is an ancient variant form of 作さく).

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 乍 – see 榨 (“to press or extract juices; to squeeze; press to extract juices; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 榨).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Further reading

• (Min Nan) “Entry #1307”, in 臺灣たいわん閩南語ご常用じょうよう詞し辭典じてん [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

乍

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. Although

Readings

• Go-on: じゃ (ja)
• Kan-on: さ (sa)
• Kun: たちまち (tachimachi, 乍ち); ながら (nagara, 乍ら)

As an alternative form of 作さく:

• Go-on: さく (saku)
• Kan-on: さく (saku)
• Kun: おこる (okoru, 乍こる)

Korean

Hanja

乍 (eumhun 잠깐 사 (jamkkan sa))

1. (for) a short time

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 乍

Vietnamese

Han character

乍: Hán Nôm readings: chạ, sạ, cha, sã, chả

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation