濟すみ

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See also: 济 and 済すみ
濟すみ U+6FDF, 濟
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6FDF
← 濞
[U+6FDE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 濠ほり →
[U+6FE0]

Translingual

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Traditional 濟すみ
Shinjitai 済すみ
Simplified 济

Han character

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濟すみ (Kangxi radical 85, 水みず+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 水みず卜ぼく難なん (EYX), four-corner 30123, composition ⿰氵齊ひとし)

Derived characters

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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 656, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18498
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1066, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1771, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+6FDF

Chinese

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trad. 濟すみ
simp. 济
alternative forms
済すみ
㴉
𣳵
𣸓
𣺴
済すみ
㴉
𣳵
𣸓
𣺴
𤀮
 

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (齊ひとし) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
儕 *zriːl
麡 *zriːl, *ʔsliːl, *zliːl
齋とき *ʔsriːl
穧 *ʔsleds, *ʔsliːls, *zliːls
擠 *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
躋 *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
齏 *ʔsliːl
齎 *ʔsliːl, *ʔslil
櫅 *ʔsliːl
齌 *ʔsliːl, *sʰliːl, *zliːls
隮 *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
賷 *ʔsliːl
虀 *ʔsliːl
濟すみ *ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls
癠 *ʔsliːlʔ, *zliːl, *zliːlʔ, *zliːls
霽 *ʔsliːls
齊ひとし *zliːl, *zliːls
臍ほぞ *zliːl
蠐 *zliːl, *zlil
懠 *zliːl, *zliːls
薺なずな *zliːlʔ, *zlil
鱭 *zliːlʔ
嚌 *zliːls
劑ざい *zliːls, *ʔslel
齍 *ʔslil

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls) : semantic 水みず (“water”) + phonetic 齊ひとし (OC *zliːl, *zliːls).

Etymology 1

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Austroasiatic. Base form, without nominal n-infix, of 西にし (OC *snə̂i) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for etymology.

津つ (OC *ʔslin) is its n-nominalized derivative (ibid.).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 濟すみ
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲こえ) 精せい (13)
Final (韻いん) 齊ひとし (39)
Tone (調しらべ) Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) IV
Fanqie 子こ計けい切きり
Baxter tsejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡seiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡seiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sɛjH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡seiH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sieiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡sieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zai3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 濟すみ 濟すみ
Reading # 4/5 5/5
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jì jì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsejH › ‹ tsejH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ts]ˁ[i]j(ʔ)-s/ /*[ts]ˁ[i]j(ʔ)-s/
English cross a stream; rescue stop

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 濟すみ
Reading # 2/2
No. 10048
Phonetic
component 		齊ひとし
Rime
group 		脂あぶら
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		霽
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsliːls/

Definitions

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濟すみ

  1. to cross a river; to ferry
  2. to help; to aid; to relieve
  3. to be of help; useful

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 濟すみ
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲こえ) 精せい (13)
Final (韻いん) 齊ひとし (39)
Tone (調しらべ) Rising (X)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) IV
Fanqie 子こ禮れい切きり
Baxter tsejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡seiX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡seiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sɛiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sɛjX/
Li
Rong 		/t͡seiX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sieiX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡sieiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zai2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 濟すみ 濟すみ 濟すみ
Reading # 1/5 2/5 3/5
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jǐ jǐ jǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsejX › ‹ tsejX › ‹ tsejX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ts]ˁ[i]jʔ/ /*[ts]ˁəjʔ/ /*[ts]ˁəjʔ/
English numerous stately [river name]

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 濟すみ
Reading # 1/2
No. 10043
Phonetic
component 		齊ひとし
Rime
group 		脂あぶら
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		濟すみ
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsliːlʔ/

Definitions

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濟すみ

  1. (～水すい) Ji River
  2. Used in 濟濟せいせい／济济 (jǐjǐ, “horde of people; multitude”).

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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trad. 濟すみ
simp. 济
alternative forms
多おお
㩼 chiefly Teochew
穧／𰨦
侈
儕／侪
多おお
㩼 chiefly Teochew
穧／𰨦
侈
儕／侪
価あたい
眾／众
嚌／哜
𧪇
䜞
諸しょ／诸
 

Yue-Hashimoto (1976) relates it to Proto-Tai *ʰlaːjᴬ (“many; much”), whence Zhuang lai. This Tai word is probably related to 多おお (OC *ʔl'aːl) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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濟すみ

  1. (Min) many; much
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 多おお (“many; much”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 多おお, 夥おびただし
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 多おお
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 多おお
Taiwan 多おお
Harbin 多おお
Malaysia 多おお
Singapore 多おお
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 多おお
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 多おお
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 多おお
Wanrong 多おお
Xi'an 多おお
Xining 多おお
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 多おお
Lanzhou 多おお
Ürümqi 多おお, 托たく洛らく
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 多おお
Wuhan 多おお
Guiyang 多おお
Liuzhou 多おお
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 多おお, 歹
Yangzhou 多おお
Hefei 多おお
Cantonese Guangzhou 多おお
Hong Kong 多おお
Taishan 多おお
Dongguan 多おお
Yangjiang 多おお
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 多おお
Singapore (Guangfu) 多おお
Gan Nanchang 多おお
Lichuan 多おお
Pingxiang 多おお
Hakka Meixian 多おお
Changting 多おお
Wuping 多おお
Liancheng 多おお
Ninghua 多おお
Yudu 多おお
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 多おお
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 多おお
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 多おお
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 多おお
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 多おお
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 多おお
Singapore (Dabu) 多おお
Huizhou Jixi 多おお
Jin Taiyuan 多おお
Xinzhou 多おお
Northern Min Jian'ou 濟すみ
Jian'ou (Dikou) 濟すみ
Songxi 濟すみ
Zhenghe 濟すみ
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 濟すみ
Jianyang 濟すみ
Jianyang (Huangkeng) 夥おびただし
Wuyishan 濟すみ
Pucheng (Shibei) 濟すみ
Eastern Min Fuzhou 濟すみ
Fuzhou (Changle) 濟すみ
Fuqing 濟すみ
Pingtan 濟すみ
Yongtai 濟すみ
Minqing 濟すみ
Gutian 濟すみ
Pingnan 濟すみ
Luoyuan 濟すみ
Fu'an 濟すみ
Ningde 濟すみ
Xiapu 濟すみ
Zherong 濟すみ
Shouning 濟すみ
Zhouning 濟すみ
Fuding 濟すみ
Matsu 濟すみ
Singapore (Fuqing) 濟すみ
Southern Min Xiamen 濟すみ, 加か
Xiamen (Tong'an) 濟すみ
Quanzhou 濟すみ
Jinjiang 濟すみ
Nan'an 濟すみ
Shishi 濟すみ
Hui'an 濟すみ
Anxi 濟すみ
Yongchun 濟すみ
Dehua 濟すみ
Zhangzhou 濟すみ
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 濟すみ
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 濟すみ
Hua'an 濟すみ
Nanjing 濟すみ
Pinghe 濟すみ
Zhangpu 濟すみ
Yunxiao 濟すみ
Zhao'an 濟すみ
Dongshan 濟すみ
Taipei 濟すみ
New Taipei (Sanxia) 濟すみ
Kaohsiung 濟すみ
Yilan 濟すみ
Changhua (Lukang) 濟すみ
Taichung 濟すみ
Tainan 濟すみ
Hsinchu 濟すみ
Kinmen 濟すみ
Penghu (Magong) 濟すみ
Penang (Hokkien) 濟すみ
Singapore (Hokkien) 濟すみ
Manila (Hokkien) 濟すみ
Longyan 濟すみ
Zhangping 濟すみ
Datian 濟すみ
Chaozhou 濟すみ, 加か
Shantou 濟すみ
Shantou (Chenghai) 濟すみ
Shantou (Chaoyang) 濟すみ
Jieyang 濟すみ
Haifeng 濟すみ
Singapore (Teochew) 濟すみ
Pontianak (Teochew) 濟すみ
Leizhou 濟すみ
Wenchang 濟すみ
Haikou 濟すみ
Qionghai 濟すみ
Singapore (Hainanese) 濟すみ
Puxian Min Putian 濟すみ
Xianyou 濟すみ
Central Min Yong'an 濟すみ
Sanming (Sanyuan) 濟すみ
Sanming (Shaxian) 濟すみ
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 濟すみ
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 多おお
Wu Shanghai 多おお
Shanghai (Chongming) 多おお
Suzhou 多おお
Danyang 多おお
Hangzhou 多おお
Ningbo 多おお
Wenzhou 多おお
Jinhua 多おお
Xiang Changsha 多おお
Loudi 多おお
Shuangfeng 多おお

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

済すみ

Kyūjitai

濟すみ

Kanji

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濟すみ

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 済すみ)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 済すみ

Readings

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Korean

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Etymology

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“to help; etc.”

From Middle Chinese 濟すみ (MC tsejH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean 졩〮 (Yale: cyéy?) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國とうごく正せい韻いん / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 거느〮릴〯 졔〯 / 건널〮 졔〯 Recorded as Middle Korean 졔〯 (cyěy) (Yale: cyěy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙くんもう字じ會かい / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Early Modern Korean
Text Final (韻いん) Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 건널 졔 Recorded as Early Modern Korean 졔 (Yale: cyey) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解ちゅうかい千せん字じ文ぶん / 주해천자문), 1804.
“many”

From Middle Chinese 濟すみ (MC tsejX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean 졩〯 (Yale: cyěy?) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國とうごく正せい韻いん / 동국정운), 1448.
Early Modern Korean
Text Final (韻いん) Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 셩ᄒᆞᆯ 졔 Recorded as Early Modern Korean 졔 (Yale: cyey) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解ちゅうかい千せん字じ文ぶん / 주해천자문), 1804.

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕe̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [제(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

濟すみ (eumhun 건널 제 (geonneol je))

  1. hanja form? of 제 (“to help; to aid; to relieve”)
  2. (literary) hanja form? of 제 (“to cross a river”)
  3. (literary) hanja form? of 제 (“many”)
    제제 (濟濟せいせい) ― jeje ― (of people) many

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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濟すみ: Hán Việt readings: tế (子こ(tử)禮れい(lễ)切きり(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
濟すみ: Nôm readings: tế[1][3][5]

  1. chữ Hán form of tế (“to help; to aid; to relieve”).

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. ^ Trần (2004).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bonet (1899).
  4. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  5. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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