犯はん

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犯はん U+72AF, 犯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72AF
← 犮
[U+72AE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 犰 →
[U+72B0]

犯 U+FA9F, 犯
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA9F
← 爵
[U+FA9E] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 猪 →
[U+FAA0]

Translingual

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Han character

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犯はん (Kangxi radical 94, 犬いぬ+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大竹おおたけ尸しかばね山やま (KHSU), four-corner 47212, composition ⿰犭㔾)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 706, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20238
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1331, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+72AF

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 犯はん

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 犯はん
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (氾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
氾 *pʰoms, *bom
犯はん *bomʔ
範はん *bomʔ
范 *bomʔ
笵 *bomʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *bomʔ) : semantic 犬いぬ + phonetic 𢎘 ().

Etymology

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"To pass over" > "to offend against, oppose". Compare 氾.

This character originally had bilabial nasal (*-m) final in Old and Middle Chinese, but had undergone dissimilation (from bilabial plosive *b-) to become *-n in most dialects. However, there are still some dialects that retain this feature, such as Meixian and Teochew dialect. Similar dissimilation happened in 帆ほ and 風ふう.

Pronunciation

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Note: faan6-2 - noun only.
Note:
  • huang6 - Shantou;
  • huam6 - Chaozhou.
Note:
  • fan5 - vernacular;
  • fan4 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 犯はん
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲こえ) 並なみ (3)
    Final (韻いん) 凡 (146)
    Tone (調しらべ) Rising (X)
    Openness (開ひらき合あい) Closed
    Division (等ひとし) III
    Fanqie 防ぼう錽切きり
    Baxter bjomX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/bɨɐmX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/biɐmX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/biɐmX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/buamX/
    Li
    Rong         		/biɐmX/
    Wang
    Li         		/bĭwɐmX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/bʱi̯wɐmX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		faan6
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 犯はん
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 2980
    Phonetic
    component         		氾
    Rime
    group         		談だん
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		范
    Old
    Chinese         		/*bomʔ/

    Definitions

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    犯はん

    1. to infringe on; to attack; to encroach
      人ひと不ふ犯はん我わが，我わが不ふ犯はん人ひと [MSC, trad. and simp.]
      rén bù fàn wǒ, wǒ bù fàn rén [Pinyin]
      We will not attack if we are not attacked.
    2. to commit (crime); to violate
      犯はん罪つみ  ―  fànzuì  ―  to commit crime
    3. criminal; offender; culprit
      罪つみ犯はん  ―  zuìfàn  ―  criminal
      俾個こ犯はん走はし甩咗呀！ [Cantonese, trad.]
      俾个犯はん走はし甩咗呀！ [Cantonese, simp.]
      bei2 go3 faan6-2 zau2 lat1 zo2 aa3! [Jyutping]
      The criminal ran loose!
    4. to happen; to break out (usually something wrong or bad)
      犯はん脾氣／犯はん脾气  ―  fànpíqì  ―  to get angry; to lose one's temper
    5. to brave; to face; to withstand
    6. to be worth; to merit; to deserve; to be worthy of

    Synonyms

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    • (to violate):
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    • (criminal):
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    • (to be worth):
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    Descendants

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    Sino-Xenic (犯はん):
    • → Japanese: 犯はん(はん) (han)
    • → Korean: 범(犯はん) (beom)
    • → Vietnamese: phạm (犯はん)

    Compounds

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    犯はん

    (Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. crime, offense
    2. criminal, culprit, offender

    Readings

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    Compounds

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    Compounds

    Etymology

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    Kanji in this term
    犯はん
    はん
    Grade: 5
    kan'on

    /pɨɐm/ → /pamʉ/ → /famʉ/ → /haɴ/

    From Middle Chinese, 犯はん (MC bjomX).

    Suffix

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    犯はん(はん) • (-han) 

    1. perpetrators of a crime
    2. some types of crime

    Derived terms

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    Derived terms

    Korean

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese 犯はん (MC bjomX).

    Pronunciation

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    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pɘ(ː)m]
    • Phonetic hangul: [범(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

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    犯はん (eumhun 범할 범 (beomhal beom))

    1. hanja form? of 범 (“to violate; to commit”) [verbal root]
    2. hanja form? of 범 (“criminal”) [suffix]
    3. hanja form? of 범 (“count of crime”) [counter]

    Compounds

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    Compounds

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    犯はん: Hán Nôm readings: phạm

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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