貞さだ

See also: 贞

貞さだ U+8C9E, 貞 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8C9E ← 貝かい [U+8C9D] CJK Unified Ideographs 貟 → [U+8C9F]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

貞さだ (Kangxi radical 154, 貝かい+2, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜うらない月山つきやま金きん (YBUC), four-corner 2180₆, composition ⿱⺊貝かい)

Derived characters

• 偵, 𫨫, 𠸩, 𡎞, 媜, 幀, 𢔤, 𫺤, 揁, 湞, 𨺟, 楨, 𤋺, 𤦹, 禎ただし, 𧶃, 碵, 禎ただし, 𬓲, 𬡥, 𣦓, 緽, 𬢵, 𧶸, 赬, 𮛶, 䡠, 𥢆, 鍞, 𪺘, 𫖙, 𩹰, 𪍕, 𪑳
• 遉, 𰷺, 𢒟, 𨜓, 𠭹, 𫁅, 𫖣, 𫧸, 寊, 𦵄, 𥢅, 𤸘, 𭵐, 𥕫, 𮚯

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1204, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36658
• Dae Jaweon: page 1665, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3622, character 3
• Unihan data for U+8C9E

Chinese

trad.		貞さだ
simp.		贞
alternative forms		鼑 𠨀 𣦵 𭾛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 貞さだ
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (貞さだ) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
偵	*rtaːŋs, *tʰeŋ, *tʰeŋs
幀	*rtɯːŋs
湞	*rdeːŋ, *teŋ
貞さだ	*teŋ
楨	*teŋ
禎ただし	*teŋ
赬	*tʰeŋ
遉	*tʰeŋs

Pictogram (象形しょうけい) - a ding (oracle bone script , ; same as 鼎かなえ (OC *kleːŋʔ)). Borrowed for “to divine”. Later 卜ぼく (“to divine”) was added as a semantic component (oracle bone script ; bronze script ）.

Etymology

Various comparisons have been proposed. Within Chinese, it has been compared to 偵 (OC *tʰeŋ, “to test; to detect”) (Schuessler, 2007), 正ただし (OC *tjeŋs, “correct; right”) (Sagart and Ma, 2020). Outside of Chinese, it has been compared to Tibetan དྲང་པོ (drang po, “straight”) (Sagart, 2020b).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhēn (zhen¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄣ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zen¹

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zing¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): zen¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): ziin¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chṳ̂n

  (Meixian, Guangdong): zen¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): zeng¹
• Northern Min (KCR): déng
• Eastern Min (BUC): dĭng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): cheng / chin

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zêng¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tsen
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhen¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhēn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhen
    • Wade–Giles: chên¹
    • Yale: jēn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jen
    • Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: zen¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zen
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sən⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zing¹
    • Yale: jīng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzing¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: jing¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: zen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sen³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: ziin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɨn⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂n
    • Hakka Romanization System: ziin´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨn²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: zen¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sən⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: zeng¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sə̃ŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: déng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /teiŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Changtai, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
    • Tâi-lô: tsing
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
    • IPA (Zhangpu): /t͡sɛŋ⁵⁵/
    • IPA (Hui'an): /t͡seŋ³³/
    • IPA (Changtai): /t͡seŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡siɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Longyan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chin
    • Tâi-lô: tsin
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cyn
    • IPA (Longyan): /t͡sin³³⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zêng¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹tsen
    • MiniDict: tsen^平ひらた
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sən⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: zhen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂən³³/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sən³³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 貞さだ
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂən⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂən²¹/ /t͡sən²¹/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂəŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/tʃəŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂəŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂẽ²¹/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂə̃n³¹/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡sən⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡sən⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡sen⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂə̃⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂən³¹/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂən²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡səŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂəŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡səŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡sən⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sen³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡seŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕiʌ̃³¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʈ͡ʂən³³/
	Xiangtan	/ʈ͡ʂən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sɨn⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sən⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/tʃen²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡seŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/t͡seŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡siŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/tiŋ⁵⁵/ /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/tiŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/teiŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡seŋ³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡seŋ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: trjeng

Rime
Character	貞さだ
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	知ち (9)
Final (韻いん)	清きよし (121)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open
Division (等ひとし)	III
Fanqie	陟のぼる盈みつる切きり
Baxter	trjeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈiᴇŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiɛŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiæŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈiajŋ/
Li Rong	/ȶiɛŋ/
Wang Li	/ȶĭɛŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯ɛŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zing1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*treŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*teŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	貞さだ	貞さだ
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhēn	zhēn
Middle Chinese	‹ trjeng ›	‹ trjeng ›
Old Chinese	/*treŋ/	/*treŋ/
English	straight; correct	divine (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	貞さだ
Reading #	1/1
No.	17027
Phonetic component	貞さだ
Rime group	耕こう
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	貞さだ
Old Chinese	/*teŋ/
Notes	說せつ文ぶん鼎かなえ省しょう聲こえ，甲きのえ文ぶん原はら假かり借か鼎かなえ字じ

Definitions

貞さだ

1. virtuous; chaste; pure
2. loyal; faithful

   忠ただし貞さだ／忠ただし贞  ―  zhōngzhēn  ―  loyal and steadfast

3. ^† to divine

   • 辛からし未ひつじ貞さだ：𠦪禾于河かわ，尞三さん牢ろう，沉三さん牛うし，宜むべ牢ろう。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     辛からし未ひつじ贞：𠦪禾于河かわ，尞三さん牢ろう，沉三さん牛うし，宜むべ牢ろう。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 12th century BCE, Oracle bone Heji 32028

     Xīnwèi zhēn: hū hé yú hé, liáo sān láo, chén sān niú, yí láo. [Pinyin]

     xīnwèi [day 8] divining: pray for the harvest to Hé, making a burnt offering of three penned oxen, submerging three oxen, and put the penned oxen on the sacrificial table.

   • 季冬きとう，陳ひね玉たま以貞さだ來らい歲とし之これ媺惡。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     季冬きとう，陈玉たま以贞来らい岁之これ媺恶。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Rites of Zhou, circa 3^rd century BCE

     Jìdōng, chén yù yǐ zhēn láisuì zhī měi'è. [Pinyin]

     In the last month of winter, set out precious stones and divine the good and ill of the year to come.

Compounds

• 一念いちねん堅けん貞さだ／一念いちねん坚贞
• 三さん貞さだ九きゅう烈れつ／三さん贞九烈れつ
• 不貞ふてい／不ふ贞 (bùzhēn)
• 九きゅう烈れつ三さん貞さだ／九きゅう烈れつ三さん贞
• 堅けん貞さだ／坚贞 (jiānzhēn)
• 堅けん貞さだ不屈ふくつ／坚贞不屈ふくつ (jiānzhēnbùqū)
• 女おんな貞さだ酒しゅ／女おんな贞酒
• 守まもり貞さだ／守まもり贞 (shǒuzhēn)
• 居きょ貞さだ／居きょ贞
• 忠ちゅう貞さだ／忠ちゅう贞 (zhōngzhēn)
• 忠ちゅう貞さだ不ふ渝／忠ちゅう贞不渝 (zhōngzhēnbùyú)
• 王おう義貞よしさだ／王おう义贞 (Wángyìzhēn)
• 童貞どうてい／童わらわ贞 (tóngzhēn)
• 縮ちぢみ屋や稱たたえ貞さだ／缩屋称しょう贞
• 義貞よしさだ／义贞
• 聖女せいじょ貞德さだのり／圣女贞德 (Shèngnǚ Zhēndé)
• 艱貞／艰贞
• 貞さだ亮あきら／贞亮 (zhēnliàng)
• 貞さだ人じん／贞人 (zhēnrén)
• 貞さだ卜ぼく文字もじ／贞卜文字もじ
• 貞さだ固かた／贞固 (zhēngù)
• 貞さだ士し／贞士 (zhēnshì)
• 貞夫さだお烈婦れっぷ／贞夫烈れつ妇
• 貞女ていじょ／贞女 (zhēnnǚ)
• 貞女ていじょ石せき／贞女石せき
• 貞婦ていふ／贞妇 (zhēnfù)
• 貞さだ懿賢淑よし／贞懿贤淑
• 貞操ていそう／贞操 (zhēncāo)
• 貞さだ木き／贞木
• 貞淑ていしゅく／贞淑 (zhēnshū)
• 貞潔ていけつ／贞洁 (zhēnjié)
• 貞さだ烈れつ／贞烈
• 貞さだ白しろ／贞白 (zhēnbái)
• 貞さだ石せき／贞石
• 貞節ていせつ／贞节 (zhēnjié)
• 貞節ていせつ牌ぱい坊ぼう／贞节牌ぱい坊ぼう
• 貞さだ臣しん／贞臣
• 貞さだ蕤／贞蕤
• 貞さだ觀かん／贞观 (Zhēnguàn)
• 貞さだ觀かん之の治ち／贞观之の治ち
• 貞さだ觀かん政せい要よう／贞观政せい要よう
• 貞さだ靜せい／贞静
• 貞風ていふう亮あきら節ぶし／贞风亮あきら节
• 貞さだ高だか絕ぜっ俗ぞく／贞高绝俗

 

References

• “貞さだ”, in 漢語かんご多功たこう能のう字じ庫こ (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港ほんこん中ちゅう文ぶん大學だいがく (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育きょういく部ぶ異體いたい字じ字典じてん), A03928

Japanese

Kanji

貞さだ

(Jōyō kanji)

1. virtue, faithfulness, uprighteousness
2. chastity

Readings

• Go-on: ちょう (chō)
• Kan-on: てい (tei, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: じょう (jō)
• Kun: ただしい (tadashii, 貞さだしい)
• Nanori: さだ (sada)

Korean

Hanja

貞さだ • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

貞さだ: Hán Nôm readings: trinh, riêng, tranh

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.