阿おもね那な白しろ滯とどこお素もと

阿おもね那な白しろ滯とどこお素もと

臨床りんしょう資料しりょう
商品しょうひん名めい	Kineret
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a602001
核かく准じゅん狀況じょうきょう	歐おう EMA: yes 美よし DailyMed: Anakinra
懷ふところ孕分級きゅう	澳: B1
给药途と径みち	皮下ひか注射ちゅうしゃ
ATC碼	L04AC03 (WHO)
法律ほうりつ規範きはん狀態じょうたい
法律ほうりつ規範きはん	澳：限きり医い生せい处方（S4） 加か：处方药（℞-only） 歐おう：Rx-only 英えい：处方药（℞-only） (POM) 美よし：处方药（℞-only）
藥物やくぶつ動力どうりょく學がく數かず據よりどころ
生物せいぶつ利用りよう度ど	95%
药物代だい谢	predominantly kidney
生物せいぶつ半はん衰おとろえ期き	4-6 hrs
识别信しん息いき
IUPAC命名めいめい法ほう Recombinant human Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein; syn. N2-l-methionyl-interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (human isoform x reduced)
CAS号ごう	143090-92-0  Y
DrugBank	DB00026 Y
ChemSpider	none
UNII	9013DUQ28K
KEGG	D02934 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1201570 N
化学かがく信しん息いき
化学かがく式しき	C759H1186N208O232S10
摩ま尔质量りょう	17,257.66 g·mol−1

阿おもね那な白しろ滯とどこお素もと（Anakinra），以Kineret名稱めいしょう出で售。是ぜ一いち種しゅ治療ちりょう類るい風ふう濕性しっせい關節かんせつ炎えん, 隱かくれ熱ねつ蛋白たんぱく相關そうかん週しゅう期き性せい綜合そうごう症しょう、家族かぞく性せい地中海ちちゅうかい熱ねつ、成人せいじん史し迪すすむ爾なんじ氏し病びょう的てき生物せいぶつ製藥せいやく。是ぜ人類じんるい白しろ細胞さいぼう介かい素もと1受體拮抗きっこう劑ざい蛋白たんぱく质的てき重じゅう組ぐみ及修改版かいはん本ほん It is marketed by Swedish Orphan Biovitrum.。可か由ゆかり皮下ひか注射ちゅうしゃ。

醫療いりょう用途ようと

在ざい疾病しっぺい緩解かんかい抗こう風ふう濕しめ藥くすり治療ちりょう失敗しっぱい後ご，阿おもね那な白しろ滯とどこお素す被ひ用作ようさく二線治療控制類風濕性關節炎。可か與あずか某ぼう些DMARD結合けつごう使用しよう。

用よう於患有ゆう隱かくれ熱ねつ蛋白たんぱく相關そうかん週しゅう期き性せい綜合そうごう症しょう的まと人じん，包括ほうかつ新生兒しんせいじ多た系統けいとう炎症えんしょう性せい疾病しっぺい。

已やめ隱かくれ藏ぞう部分ぶぶん未み翻譯ほんやく内容ないよう，歡迎かんげい參與さんよ翻譯ほんやく。

用よう於治療ちりょうSchnitzler綜合そうごう症しょう（在ざい美國びくに不ふ符合ふごう標しるべ籤くじ）。 Its response rate is such that it has been suggested that "Treatment failures should lead to reconsider the diagnosis."

仿單標示ひょうじ外がい使用しよう, it is used to treat 幼年ようねん特發とくはつ性せい關節かんせつ炎えん (SJIA), 痛やめ风, 二水合焦磷酸鈣晶體沉積病 (CPPD), 貝かい賽さい特とく氏し症しょう, 强直きょうちょく性せい脊柱せきちゅう炎えん, 葡萄ぶどう膜まく炎えん, and other 自身じしん炎症えんしょう性せい疾病しっぺい.

In December 2021, the 欧おう洲しゅう药品管理かんり局きょく authorized the use of anakinra "to treat 2019冠状かんじょう病毒びょうどく病びょう in adults with pneumonia requiring supplemental oxygen (low or high flow oxygen) and who are at risk of developing severe respiratory failure, as determined by blood levels of a protein called suPAR (soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor) of at least 6 ng per ml." In November 2022, the United States 美国びくに食品しょくひん药品监督管理かんり局きょく approved its use under an 緊急きんきゅう使用しよう授權 "for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized adults with pneumonia requiring supplemental oxygen (low- or high-flow oxygen) who are at risk of progressing to severe respiratory failure and likely to have an elevated plasma soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR)."

Safety

It was not tested in pregnant women, but appeared to be safe in animal studies.

It should not be used in people who have active infections or latent tuberculosis, who have low 白血球はっけっきゅう counts, or who are taking TNF inhibitors.

Adverse effects

More than ten percent of people taking Anakinra have injection site reactions, headaches, and have increased cholesterol levels. Between one and ten percent of recipients have severe infections, decreased white blood cells, or decreased 血小板けっしょうばん. It is unclear if taking Anakinra increases cancer risk; studies are complicated by the fact that people with rheumatoid arthritis already face higher cancer risk.

Chemistry

Anakinra differs from the sequence of Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist by one 甲きのえ硫氨酸さん 氨基酸さん added to its N端はし; it also differs from the human protein in that it is not 醣基化か, as it is 工こう业发酵 in 大腸だいちょう桿菌かんきん.

History

It was approved for medical use in the US in 2001, and in the European Union in 2002.

In 2018, NHS England published a Clinical Commissioning Policy: Anakinra to treat periodic fevers and autoinflammatory disorders (all ages) allowing Anakinra to be commissioned as a first-line treatment for Schnitzler's syndrome and in cases where the first-line treatment is not effective for Familial Mediterranean fever, Hyper-IgD syndrome also known as Mevalonate kinase deficiency, and TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), and a Clinical Commissioning Policy: Anakinra/tocilizumab for the treatment of Adult-Onset Still's Disease refractory to second-line therapy (adults), allowing Anakinra to be commissioned for adult-onset Still's disease "as a third line treatment where patients are refractory to steroid-sparing effect DMARDs".

In December 2020, Anakinra was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of deficiency of the interleukin-1–receptor antagonist (DIRA), a rare autoinflammatory disease of infancy. In 2021, it was announced that the 俄にわか罗斯联邦卫生部ぶ had approved the use of Anakinra for the treatment of CAPS.

In October 2021, NHS England published Clinical Commissioning Policy: Anakinra for Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) for adults and children in all ages, allowing Anakinra to be used in the treatment of HLH.

Society and culture

Legal status

Approvals

	Condition
Country	RA	CAPS	FMF	AOSD	Schnitzler's	MKD	TRAPS	DIRA	HLH
US	2001							2020
UK				2018	2018	2018	2018		2021
EU	2002	2002	2002
Russia		2021

Research

Anakinra effectively treated meningitis caused by a rare genetic mutation in the gene NALP3 in a 67-year-old man enrolled in the Undiagnosed Diseases Network. Researchers at 约翰斯·霍普金きん斯大学がく announced in 2019 that anakinra given to pregnant mice with 茲卡病毒びょうどく had reduced fetal deaths and birth defects. In November 2019, researchers at the 曼彻斯特大学だいがく reported that Anakinra might have a use in preventing breast cancer from spreading to the bones.

In 2021, it was reported that Anakinra appeared to reduce the 神經しんけい性せい疼痛とうつう experienced by patients undergoing 化学かがく疗法 with 长春新しん碱, saying that "repurposing anakinra may be an effective co-treatment strategy to prevent vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy".

A review published in 2022 found that "Anakinra appears to show efficacy for numerous 皮かわ肤病学がく conditions, with the strongest evidence for hidradenitis suppurativa, 貝かい賽さい特とく氏し症しょう, Muckle–Wells syndrome, and SAPHO syndrome." and concluded that "Overall, anakinra appears to be a promising option in the treatment of numerous dermatologic inflammatory conditions refractory to first line therapies, but further and higher-quality data is needed to clarify its therapeutic role."

In 2023, researchers at 哥伦比ひ亚大学がく explored the effect of Anakinra on the ageing of 造血ぞうけつ干ひ细胞s in mice. They concluded "that targeting IL-1 as a key mediator of niche inflammation is a tractable strategy to improve blood production during ageing" and were reported to have said "that their findings could pave the way for science to delay aging and even lengthen the lifespan of humans".

COVID-19

Anakinra is undergoing multiple clinical trials to treat 2019冠状かんじょう病毒びょうどく病びょう patients, by targeting mechanisms in patients with hyperinflammation. In 2021 a review and 元もと分析ぶんせき of 9 studies involving 1,119 cases concluded that "Available evidence shows that treatment with anakinra reduces both the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality risk of hospitalized non-intubated patients with COVID-19 without increasing the risk of adverse events."

截至2021年ねん7月がつ (2021-07), the 欧おう洲しゅう药品管理かんり局きょく (EMA) is evaluating an application to extend the use of anakinra to include treatment of 2019冠状かんじょう病毒びょうどく病びょう in adults with pneumonia who are at risk of developing severe respiratory failure (inability of the lungs to work properly). According to study results published in September 2021 in 自然しぜん-医学いがく, hospitalized COVID-19 patients at increased risk for 呼吸こきゅう衰おとろえ竭 showed significant improvement after treatment with Anakinra.

外部がいぶ鏈接

• Anakinra. Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. [2023-02-13]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2022-11-26）.