兼
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Translingual
editTraditional | |
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Simplified | |
Japanese | |
Korean |
Han character
editDerived characters
editRelated characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 128, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1483
- Dae Jaweon: page 288, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 249, character 8
- Unihan data for U+517C
Chinese
editsimp. and trad. |
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alternative forms |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character | ||
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Spring and Autumn | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
Old Chinese | |
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譧 | *r'eːms |
賺 | *r'eːms |
尲 | *kreːm |
鹻 | *kreːmʔ |
歉 | *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms |
槏 | *kʰreːmʔ |
鰜 | *ɡreːm, *keːm |
稴 | *ɡreːm, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ, *ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm |
豏 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡreːms |
甉 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡraːm |
*ɡ·rem | |
*ɡ·rem | |
鬑 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
鐮 | *ɡ·rem |
*ɡ·rem | |
薕 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
蠊 | *ɡ·rem |
嬚 | *ɡ·remʔ |
溓 | *ɡ·remʔ, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ |
嵰 | *kʰremʔ |
隒 | *ŋɡremʔ |
熑 | *ɡ·reːm |
濂 | *ɡ·reːm |
燫 | *ɡ·reːm |
*keːm, *keːms | |
縑 | *keːm |
鶼 | *keːm |
蒹 | *keːm |
搛 | *keːm |
*kʰeːm | |
膁 | *kʰeːmʔ |
嗛 | *kʰeːmʔ |
慊 | *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːb |
傔 | *kʰeːms |
馦 | *qʰeːm |
*ɡeːm | |
鼸 | *ɡeːmʔ |
尷 | *kreːm |
Ideogrammic compound (
Etymology
editAustroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007); compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ckiəm ~ ckəm ~ ckam ~ ckaim (“to grasp, to hold”).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gim1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiâm
- Eastern Min (BUC): giĕng
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jian
- Wade–Giles: chien1
- Yale: jyān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
- Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gim1
- Yale: gīm
- Cantonese Pinyin: gim1
- Guangdong Romanization: gim1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiːm⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiâm
- Hakka Romanization System: giamˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: giam1
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯am²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: giĕng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kieŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- giam1 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Pontianak;
- giang1 - Chenghai.
- Middle Chinese: kem, kemH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤem/
- (Zhengzhang): /*keːm/, /*keːms/
Definitions
edit- to do two or more things simultaneously; to hold a concurrent post or role; to combine
教練 兼 隊員 /教 练兼 队员 ― jiàoliàn jiān duìyuán ― player-coach; playing coach兼 管 ― jiānguǎn ― to concurrently be in charge of
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yú, wǒ suǒyù yě; xióngzhǎng, yì wǒ suǒyù yě, èr zhě bùkě dé jiān, shě yú ér qǔ xióngzhǎng zhě yě. Shēng, yì wǒ suǒyù yě; yì, yì wǒ suǒyù yě, èr zhě bùkě dé jiān, shě shēng ér qǔ yì zhě yě. [Pinyin]
- I like fish, and I also like bear's paws. If I cannot have the two together, I will let the fish go, and take the bear's paws. So, I like life, and I also like justice. If I cannot keep the two together, I will let life go, and choose justice.
魚 ,我 所 欲 也;熊 掌 ,亦 我 所 欲 也,二 者 不可 得 兼 ,舍 魚 而取 熊 掌 者 也。生 ,亦 我 所 欲 也;義 ,亦 我 所 欲 也,二 者 不可 得 兼 ,舍 生 而取 義 者 也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
鱼,我 所 欲 也;熊 掌 ,亦 我 所 欲 也,二 者 不可 得 兼 ,舍 鱼而取 熊 掌 者 也。生 ,亦 我 所 欲 也;义,亦 我 所 欲 也,二 者 不可 得 兼 ,舍 生 而取 义者 也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- concurrently; simultaneously; combining; both
- † double
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
- Zǐyuē: “Qiú yě tuì, gù jìn zhī; Yóu yě jiān rén, gù tuì zhī.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said: "(Ran) Qiu holds himself back. It is for this reason that I tried to urge him on. (Zhong) You has the energy of two men. It is for this reason that I tried to hold him back."
子 曰:「求 也退 ,故 進 之 ;由 也兼 人 ,故 退 之 。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]子 曰:「求 也退 ,故 进之 ;由 也兼 人 ,故 退 之 。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to amalgamate, to merge
- From: 賈誼 (Jia Yi),《
過 秦 論 》("Discourse on Qin's Faults") - Yuē cóng lí héng, jiān Hán, Wèi, Yān, Chǔ, Qí, Zhào, Sòng, Wèi, Zhōngshān zhī zhòng. [Pinyin]
- They formed the Vertical Alliance and spurned the Horizontal Alliance, amalgamating the multitudes of Hán, Wèi, Yān, Chǔ, Zhào, Sòng, Wèy, and Zhōngshān.
約 從 離 衡,兼 韓 、魏 、燕 、楚 、齊 、趙 、宋 、衛 、中山 之 眾。 [MSC, trad.]
约从离衡,兼 韩、魏 、燕 、楚 、齐、赵、宋 、卫、中山 之 众。 [MSC, simp.]- From: 賈誼 (Jia Yi),《
- to annex, to absorb
- From: Han Feizi, circa 2nd century BCE, translated based on W. K. Liao's version
- Wànchéng zhī zhǔ yǒunéng fú shù xíngfǎ, yǐ wéi wángzhēng zhī jūn fēngyǔ zhě, qí jiāntiānxià bùnán yǐ. [Pinyin]
- If the sovereign of ten thousand chariots can exercise tact and enforce law and thereby function as gale and rain to rulers having portents of ruin, his annexation of All-under-Heaven will not be difficult.
萬 乘 之 主 有能 服 術 行法 ,以為 亡 徵 之 君 風雨 者 ,其兼 天下 不 難 矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]万 乘 之 主 有能 服 术行法 ,以为亡 征 之 君 风雨者 ,其兼 天下 不 难矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: 794 CE',
陸 贄 (Lu Zhi),均 節 賦 稅 恤百姓 六 條 (Six Proposals to Reform Taxation and to Help Out the Common People) - Fùzhě jiāndì shù wàn mǔ, pínzhě wú róngzú zhī jū. [Pinyin]
- The rich enclose several myriad acres of lands; the poor have no spot to dwell and stand their feet.
富者 兼 地 數 萬 畝 ,貧者 無 容 足 之 居 。 [MSC, trad.]富者 兼 地 数 万 亩,贫者无容 足 之 居 。 [MSC, simp.]- From: 794 CE',
- a surname
Compounds
edit- 併兼/并兼
倍 道 兼行 倍 道 兼 進 /倍 道 兼 进公私 兼 顧/公私 兼 顾 (gōngsījiāngù)兼 之 (jiānzhī)兼人 兼任 (jiānrèn)兼併 /兼 并 (jiānbìng)兼併 /兼 并 (jiānbìng)兼 倍 兼修 (jiānxiū)兼備 /兼 备 (jiānbèi)兼 具 (jiānjù)兼 味 兼 善 兼 善 天下 兼 容 並 蓄/兼 容 并蓄兼 容 并包兼 差 (jiānchāi)兼 弱 攻 昧兼愛 /兼 爱 (jiān'ài)兼 掌 兼 收 並 蓄/兼 收 并蓄 (jiānshōubìngxù)兼 旬 (jiānxún)兼 權 熟 計 /兼 权熟计兼 毫兼 濟 /兼 济兼營 /兼 营兼用 (jiānyòng)兼 祧 (jiāntiāo)兼 程 (jiānchéng)兼 管 (jiānguǎn)兼 籌並顧/兼 筹并顾兼 署 兼 而有之 (jiān'éryǒuzhī)兼職 /兼 职 (jiānzhí)兼 聽/兼 听兼行 兼 課 /兼 课 (jiānkè)兼 辦/兼 办兼 通 兼 金 兼 顧/兼 顾 (jiāngù)- 剿撫
兼 施 - 勦撫
兼 施 /剿抚兼 施 名利 兼 收 品 學 兼 優 /品 学 兼 优 (pǐnxuéjiānyōu)威德 兼 施 - 并兼
德 容 兼備 /德 容 兼 备德 才 兼備 /德 才 兼 备 (décáijiānbèi)悲喜 兼 集 - 愁懼
兼 心 /愁惧兼 心 才 兼 文武 才 勇 兼 優 /才 勇 兼 优才 學 兼 優 /才 学 兼 优才德 兼備 /才德 兼 备 (cáidéjiānbèi)文武 兼備 /文武 兼 备文武 兼 濟 /文武 兼 济文武 兼 資 /文武 兼 资方面 兼 圻晝夜 兼行 /昼夜 兼行 智勇 兼 全 (zhìyǒng jiān quán)材 能 兼備 /材 能 兼 备術 德 兼修 /术德兼修 衣 不 兼 采 謀 勇 兼備 /谋勇兼 备- 軟硬
兼 施 /软硬兼 施 (ruǎn-yìng jiānshī) 食 不 兼 味
Japanese
editShinjitai | ||
Kyūjitai [1] |
󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) |
|
󠄄 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
editReadings
edit- Go-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)←けん (ken, historical)←けむ (kemu, ancient)
- Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)←けん (ken, historical)←けむ (kemu, ancient)
- Kun: かねる (kaneru,
兼 ねる, Jōyō)
Compounds
editEtymology
editKanji in this term |
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けん Grade: S |
on'yomi |
/kem/ → /kemʉ/ → /keɴ/
From Middle Chinese
Pronunciation
editConjunction
edit- -cum-, concurrently, and; in addition
Noun
edit- doing two or more things at the same time
- holding two or more government offices at the same time
Derived terms
editProper noun
edit- a male given name
References
editKorean
editHanja
editVietnamese
editHan character
edit- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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兼 - Mandarin terms with usage examples
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- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading けむ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading けん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading けん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading けむ
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兼 read as けん - Japanese terms read with on'yomi
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