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國 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Wiktionary

國くに

See also: 国くに

國くに U+570B, 國
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-570B
← 圊
[U+570A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 圌 →
[U+570C]

Translingual

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Traditional 國くに
Simplified 国くに
Japanese 国くに
Korean 國くに
Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 
Stroke order
(Taiwan)
 

Alternative forms

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Han character

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國くに (Kangxi radical 31, 囗+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田た戈ほこ口こう一いち (WIRM), four-corner 60153, composition ⿴囗或ある)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 219, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4798
  • Dae Jaweon: page 447, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 720, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+570B

Chinese

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trad. 國くに
simp. 国くに
alternative forms
囯
圀
囶
𡆿
囻
囯
圀
囶
𡆿
囻
𡇅
䆐
戜
𤦂
囗
𡆸
𡆻
𡇎
𡇏
𡇕
𡈑
𢦾
𢧌
𤦒
或ある
𬪇
㕵
𠰧
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 國くに
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (或ある) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
幗 *kʷɯːɡs, *kʷrɯːɡ
慖 *kʷɯːɡs, *kʷrɯːɡ
簂 *kʷɯːɡs
蔮 *kʷɯːɡs
國くに *kʷɯːɡ
或ある *ɡʷɯːɡ
惑 *ɡʷɯːɡ
蜮 *ɡʷɯːɡ, *ɢʷrɯɡ
閾 *qʰʷrɯɡ
緎 *qʰʷrɯɡ, *ɡʷrɯɡ
淢 *qʰʷrɯɡ, *ɡʷrɯɡ
域いき *ɢʷrɯɡ
罭 *ɢʷrɯɡ
棫 *ɡʷrɯɡ
琙 *ɡʷrɯɡ
魊 *ɡʷrɯɡ
馘くび *kʷrɯːɡ
聝 *kʷrɯːɡ
膕ひかがみ *kʷrɯːɡ
摑 *kʷrɯːɡ
漍 *kʷrɯːɡ
嘓 *kʷrɯːɡ
蟈 *kʷrɯːɡ
掝 *qʰʷrɯːɡ
彧 *qʷrɯɡ
稶 *qʷɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *kʷɯːɡ) : semantic 囗 (“closure”) + phonetic 或ある (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ).

Etymology

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The k-prefix derivation of 域いき (OC *ɢʷrɯɡ, “boundary; territory”). Cognate with 閾 (OC *qʰʷrɯɡ, “threshold”) and 囿 (OC *ɢʷɯs, *ɡʷɯ, “park; garden”).

No obvious outside cognate exists. It may be related to Burmese ကွက် (kwak, “to be marked with a square or circular pattern; to be confined to a certain area”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 國くに
Mandarin Beijing /kuo³⁵/
Harbin /kuo²¹³/
Tianjin /kuo⁴⁵/
Jinan /kuə⁵⁵/
Qingdao /kuə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /kuo²⁴/
/kuɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /kuei²¹/
Xining /kuɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kuə¹³/
Lanzhou /kuə¹³/
Ürümqi /kuɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /kuɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /kue³¹/
Guiyang /kuɛ²¹/
Kunming /ko³¹/
Nanjing /kueʔ⁵/
Hefei /kuɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /kuəʔ²/
Pingyao /kuʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /kuaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /koʔ⁵/
Suzhou /kuəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /koʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /kai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /kuʔ²¹/
Tunxi /kuə⁵/
Xiang Changsha /kuə²⁴/
Xiangtan /ko²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /kuɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kuet̚¹/
Taoyuan /kuet̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɔk̚³/
Nanning /kɔk̚³³/
Hong Kong /kwɔk̚³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kɔk̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuɔʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ko²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kok̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kok̚⁵/
Rime
Character 國くに
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 見み (28)
Final (韻いん) 德とく (132)
Tone (調しらべ) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Closed
Division (等ひとし) I
Fanqie 古ふる或ある切きり
Baxter kwok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kwək̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʷək̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kuək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kwək̚/
Li
Rong 		/kuək̚/
Wang
Li 		/kuək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kwək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		guo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gwak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 國くに
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		guó
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kwok ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[C.q]ʷˁək/
English state (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 國くに
Reading # 1/1
No. 5547
Phonetic
component 		或ある
Rime
group 		職しょく
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		國くに
Old
Chinese 		/*kʷɯːɡ/

Definitions

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國くに

  1. country; nation; nation-state; kingdom
    建けん國くに／建けん国くに  ―  jiànguó  ―  to establish a country
    利り國くに利り民みん／利り国くに利り民みん  ―  lì guó lì mín  ―  to benefit the country and the people
    國くに營／国くに营  ―  guóyíng  ―  state-operated; state-run
  2. (obsolete) capital
  3. (obsolete) to make a place the capital city; to establish a capital
  4. (obsolete or in compounds) place; region
    山やま國くに／山やま国くに  ―  shānguó  ―  mountainous country; hilly region
    水鄉すいごう澤さわ國くに／水みず乡泽国くに  ―  shuǐxiāngzéguó  ―  region full of rivers, lakes or canals
  5. (in compounds) national; representing a nation
    國くに旗はた／国くに旗はた  ―  guóqí  ―  national flag
    國くに歌うた／国くに歌うた  ―  guógē  ―  national anthem
    國くに花はな／国くに花はな  ―  guóhuā  ―  national flower
  6. Short for 國語こくご／国くに语 (guóyǔ, “Mandarin”).
  7. Short for 國民黨こくみんとう／国民党こくみんとう (Guómíndǎng, “Kuomintang”).
    國くに共きょう內戰／国くに共とも内ない战  ―  Guó Gòng Nèizhàn  ―  the Chinese Civil War
  8. domestic; of our country (in many contexts meaning Chinese)
    國くに產さん、日產にっさん／国くに产、日にち产  ―  guóchǎn, rìchǎn  ―  made domestically; made in Japan
    國くに畫が／国くに画が  ―  guóhuà  ―  traditional Chinese painting
    國くに貨／国くに货  ―  guóhuò  ―  domestic goods (China-made goods)
  9. Classifier for countries (quasi-measure word).
    你會かい說せつ幾いく國くに語かたり言げん？ [MSC, trad.]
    你会かい说几国くに语言？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ huì shuō jǐ guó yǔyán? [Pinyin]
    How many languages ​​do you speak?
  10. a surname

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (國くに):
  • → Japanese: 国くに(こく) (koku)
  • → Korean: 국(國くに) (guk)
  • → Vietnamese: quốc (國くに)

Others:

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

国くに

Kyūjitai

國くに

Kanji

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國くに

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 国くに)

  1. country, nation, nation-state

Readings

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  • On (unclassified): こく (koku)
  • Kun: くに (kuni, 國くに)

Noun

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國くに(くに) • (kuni) 

  1. a land, a country

Korean

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Alternative forms

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A variant of "國こく" commonly found in old books of pre-modern Korea.

Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 國くに (MC kwok).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 귁〮 (Yale: kwúyk)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 나라〮 (Yale: nàlá) 국〮 (Yale: kwúk)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

國くに (eumhun 나라 국 (nara guk))

  1. hanja form? of 국 (“country; state; nation”) [affix]

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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國くに: Hán Việt readings: quốc[1][2][3]
國くに: Nôm readings: cuốc[1][3][4], quốc[2][5]

  1. chữ Hán form of quốc (“nation; state; country”).

Compounds

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Derived terms

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
  5. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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