都
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Translingual
editStroke order | |||
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Alternative forms
editNote that there are two Unicode z-variants, with code points U+90FD and U+FA26 (the latter is a compatibility variant and contains an extra dot below 耂 in
Han character
editDerived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1274, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39497
- Dae Jaweon: page 1773, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3776, character 7
- Unihan data for U+90FD
Chinese
editsimp. and trad. |
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alternative forms | 𨜞 𨛷 |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character | |
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Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
Old Chinese | |
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觰 | *rtaːʔ, *rtaː |
*tjaː, *tja | |
*tjaːʔ | |
*tjaːʔ, *taːʔ | |
赭 | *tjaːʔ |
撦 | *l̥ʰjaːʔ |
扯 | *tʰjaːʔ |
闍 | *djaː, *taː |
*hljaː | |
鍺 | *toːlʔ |
*taː | |
醏 | *taː |
覩 | *taːʔ |
睹 | *taːʔ |
暏 | *taːʔ |
*taːʔ | |
帾 | *taːʔ |
*taːʔ, *tʰaʔ | |
*daː, *da | |
瘏 | *daː |
廜 | *daː |
鷵 | *daː |
*ljaʔ | |
豬 | *ta |
*ta | |
瀦 | *ta |
藸 | *ta, *da |
櫫 | *ta |
褚 | *taʔ, *tʰaʔ |
*taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ | |
*tas, *das | |
*da | |
躇 | *da |
櫧 | *tja |
*tja, *djas | |
蠩 | *tja |
*tjaʔ | |
*tjaʔ | |
煑 | *tjaʔ |
陼 | *tjaʔ |
翥 | *tjas |
*djas | |
*djas | |
*djas | |
*hlja | |
*hjaʔ | |
鐯 | *taɡ |
擆 | *taɡ |
櫡 | *taɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (
Etymology 1
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): du1
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): du1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): du1
- Northern Min (KCR): dú
- Eastern Min (BUC): dŭ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1tu / 1tou
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dou1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: du
- Wade–Giles: tu1
- Yale: dū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: du
- Palladius: ду (du)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: du1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: du
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dou1
- Yale: dōu
- Cantonese Pinyin: dou1
- Guangdong Romanization: dou1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tou̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: u1
- Sinological IPA (key): /u³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: du1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tû
- Hakka Romanization System: duˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: du1
- Sinological IPA: /tu²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: du1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /tu¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dú
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: dou1
- Sinological IPA (key): /təu̯³³/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: tu
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤa/
- (Zhengzhang): /*taː/
Definitions
edit- metropolis; large city
都 市 ― dūshì ― metropolis; major city
- capital; capital city
都 城 ― dūchéng ― capital
- (literary) to make a place the capital city; to establish a capital
- From: Liu Xi (
劉 熈), quoted in 5th century, 《史記 集 解 》Records of the Grand Historian - Collected Explanations by Pei Yin (裴駰) - Dìwáng suǒdōu wèi zhōng, gù yuē zhōngguó. [Pinyin]
- Where emperors and kings make to be the capital is taken as the centre, hence the appellation the central region.
帝王 所 都 為 中 ,故 曰中國 。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]帝王 所 都 为中 ,故 曰中国 。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: Liu Xi (
- (obsolete) graceful; elegant
- a surname. Du
Synonyms
edit- (metropolis):
Compounds
edit七 都 (Qīdū)上 都 (Shàngdū)下 都 三 都 賦 /三 都 赋不 賢 都 頭 /不 贤都头中 都 (zhōngdū)京都 (jīngdū)伐 子 都 兩 都 /两都兩 都 賦 /两都赋八 旗 都 統 /八 旗 都 统八 都 八 都 兒 /八 都 儿八 都 魯/八 都 鲁加 德滿 都 /加 德 满都 (Jiādémǎndū)南都 古都 (gǔdū)- 吁咈
都 俞 名 都 (Míngdū)吳 都 /吴都- 嘓都嘓都/啯都啯都
嘴 盧 都 /嘴 卢都國 都 /国 都 (guódū)大 都 大 都 來 /大 都 来 大 都會 /大 都会 (dàdūhuì)大 都會 區 /大 都会 区 大 都 護 /大 都 护天 都 奠都 (diàndū)奧 古 斯都/奥 古 斯都 (Àogǔsīdū)子 都 宏 都 拉 斯 (Hóngdūlāsī)定 都 (dìngdū)宜 都 (Yídū)巴 都 兒 /巴 都 儿帝都 (dìdū)幽 都 (yōudū)店 都 知 建都 (jiàndū)成都 平原 (Chéngdū Píngyuán)成都 賣卜 /成都 卖卜打 都 磨 子 把 都 兒 /把 都 儿- 拔都 (bádū)
- 拔都魯/拔都鲁
故 都 (gùdū)- 曾都 (Zēngdū)
東都 /东都 (dōngdū)松 都 (Sōngdū)棉 都 水 都 (shuǐdū)海上 都市 深 都 (Shēndū)清都 港 都 滴 修 都 速 滴 羞都蘇 /滴 羞都苏煤 都 玄 都 班 都 斯山皇 都 研 京 練 都 /研 京 练都老 都 爺 /老 都 爷自治 都市 興 都 斯坦/兴都斯坦 (Xīngdūsītǎn)舊都 /旧都 (jiùdū)花 都 (Huādū)行 都 衛星 都市 /卫星都市 (wèixīng dūshì)西都 (xīdū)西都 賦 /西都 赋谷 都 通 都 大 邑遷都 /迁都 (qiāndū)還 都 /还都 (huándū)- 郢都
- 郫都 (Pídū)
都 中 都 亭 (dūtíng)都人士 都 來 /都 来 都 保 都 俞吁咈都 嚕/都 噜都 坑 都城 (dūchéng)都 大 都子 都 寺 都市 (dūshì)都市 之 肺 都市 化 (dūshìhuà)都市 家具 都市 病 (dūshìbìng)都市 計畫 /都市 计画都 府 都 把 勢 /都 把 势都 抹都 料 匠 都會 /都会 (dūhuì)都會 區 /都会 区 (dūhuìqū)都會 文學 /都会 文学 都 柏 林 (Dūbólín)都 根 主 兒 /都 根 主 儿都 江 堰 (Dūjiāngyàn)都 督 都 管 都 纂都 試 /都 试都 講 /都 讲都 護 /都 护 (dūhù)都 轄/都 辖都邑 (dūyì)都 都 摸摸都 都 磨 磨 都鄙 都鄙 有 章 都 鎮灣/都 镇湾 (Dūzhènwān)都 門 /都 门 (dūmén)都雅 都 頭 /都 头都 馬 調 /都 马调都 鬼 - 酆都 (Fēngdū)
金 都 - 鎳都/镍都 (Nièdū)
鐵 都 /铁都關都 尉 /关都尉 - 陪都 (péidū)
雙 核 都市 /双 核 都市 - 霸都魯/霸都鲁
首都 (shǒudū)- 駙馬
都 尉 /驸马都 尉 骨 都 骨 都 兒 /骨 都 儿骨 都 都 鴻 都 /鸿都 (Hóngdū)麗 都 /丽都 (lìdū)
Descendants
editEtymology 2
editColloquial form of
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): dou1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ду (du, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): du1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): du1
- Northern Min (KCR): dú
- Eastern Min (BUC): dŭ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dou1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄡ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dou
- Wade–Giles: tou1
- Yale: dōu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dou
- Palladius: доу (dou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /toʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: du
- Wade–Giles: tu1
- Yale: dū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: du
- Palladius: ду (du)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: dou1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dou
- Sinological IPA (key): /təu⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ду (du, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tou²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dou1 / du1
- Yale: dōu / dū
- Cantonese Pinyin: dou1 / du1
- Guangdong Romanization: dou1 / du1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tou̯⁵⁵/, /tuː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: u1 / du2
- Sinological IPA (key): /u³³/, /tu⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: du1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tu
- Hakka Romanization System: du
- Hagfa Pinyim: du4
- Sinological IPA: /tu⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tu / tû / lû
- Hakka Romanization System: du / duˊ / luˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: du4 / du1 / lu1
- Sinological IPA: /tu⁵⁵/, /tu²⁴/, /lu²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: du1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /tu¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dú
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: to͘
- Tâi-lô: too
- Phofsit Daibuun: dof
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: to
- Tâi-lô: to
- Phofsit Daibuun: doy
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /to⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dou1 / do1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tou / to
- Sinological IPA (key): /tou³³/, /to³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: dou1
- Sinological IPA (key): /təu̯³³/
- (Changsha)
Definitions
edit- all; both (used to indicate that the statement is true for every subject or object); or the entirety of something
- (emphasis on subject) even
- (emphasis on object) even, interchangeable with 也 (yě)
- (emphasis on verb, in the negative) at all
- already
- (Cantonese) as well; also; too
我 都 好 好 。 [Guangzhou Cantonese] ― ngo5 dou1 hou2 hou2. [Jyutping] ― I'm fine too.
- (Cantonese) still; anyways; nevertheless
Usage notes
edit- When negating
都 , the placement of不 (bù) is important.
不 都 : not all, not everyone.都 不 : none, no one
Synonyms
editCompounds
edit下 都 上 都 (Shàngdū)三 都 賦 /三 都 赋不 賢 都 頭 /不 贤都头中 都 (zhōngdū)京都 (jīngdū)伐 子 都 兩 都 /两都兩 都 賦 /两都赋八 旗 都 統 /八 旗 都 统八 都 八 都 兒 /八 都 儿八 都 魯/八 都 鲁加 德滿 都 /加 德 满都 (Jiādémǎndū)南都 古都 (gǔdū)- 吁咈
都 俞 名 都 (Míngdū)吳 都 /吴都- 嘓都嘓都/啯都啯都
嘴 盧 都 /嘴 卢都國 都 /国 都 (guódū)大 都 大 都 來 /大 都 来 大 都會 /大 都会 (dàdūhuì)大 都會 區 /大 都会 区 大 都 護 /大 都 护天 都 奠都 (diàndū)奧 古 斯都/奥 古 斯都 (Àogǔsīdū)子 都 宏 都 拉 斯 (Hóngdūlāsī)定 都 (dìngdū)巴 都 兒 /巴 都 儿帝都 (dìdū)幽 都 (yōudū)店 都 知 建都 (jiàndū)成都 平原 (Chéngdū Píngyuán)成都 賣卜 /成都 卖卜打 都 磨 子 把 都 兒 /把 都 儿- 拔都 (bádū)
- 拔都魯/拔都鲁
故 都 (gùdū)東都 /东都 (dōngdū)棉 都 水 都 (shuǐdū)海上 都市 清都 港 都 滴 修 都 速 滴 羞都蘇 /滴 羞都苏煤 都 玄 都 班 都 斯山皇 都 研 京 練 都 /研 京 练都老 都 爺 /老 都 爷- 臉都
綠 了 /脸都绿了 自治 都市 興 都 斯坦/兴都斯坦 (Xīngdūsītǎn)舊都 /旧都 (jiùdū)花 都 (Huādū)行 都 衛星 都市 /卫星都市 (wèixīng dūshì)西都 (xīdū)西都 賦 /西都 赋谷 都 通 都 大 邑遷都 /迁都 (qiāndū)還 都 /还都 (huándū)- 郢都
都 中 都人士 都 來 /都 来 都 保 都 俞吁咈都 嚕/都 噜都 坑 都城 (dūchéng)都 大 都子 都 寺 都市 (dūshì)都市 之 肺 都市 化 (dūshìhuà)都市 家具 都市 病 (dūshìbìng)都市 計畫 /都市 计画都 府 都 把 勢 /都 把 势都 抹都 料 匠 都會 /都会 (dūhuì)都會 區 /都会 区 (dūhuìqū)都會 文學 /都会 文学 都 柏 林 (Dūbólín)都 根 主 兒 /都 根 主 儿都 江 堰 (Dūjiāngyàn)都 督 都 管 都 纂都 試 /都 试都 講 /都 讲都 護 /都 护 (dūhù)都 轄/都 辖都邑 (dūyì)都 都 摸摸都 都 磨 磨 都鄙 都鄙 有 章 都 門 /都 门 (dūmén)都雅 都 頭 /都 头都 馬 調 /都 马调都 鬼 都 齊 /都 齐- 酆都 (Fēngdū)
金 都 鐵 都 /铁都關都 尉 /关都尉 - 陪都 (péidū)
雙 核 都市 /双 核 都市 - 霸都魯/霸都鲁
首都 (shǒudū)- 駙馬
都 尉 /驸马都 尉 骨 都 骨 都 兒 /骨 都 儿骨 都 都 鴻 都 /鸿都 (Hóngdū)麗 都 /丽都 (lìdū)
Etymology 3
editFor pronunciation and definitions of (This character is the second-round simplified form of 嘟). |
Notes:
|
Japanese
editShinjitai | ||
Kyūjitai [1] |
都 or ︀ ?
|
|
󠄀 ?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
edit(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form
Readings
edit- Go-on: つ (tsu, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: と (to, Jōyō)
- Kun: みやこ (miyako,
都 , Jōyō); いち (ichi,都 ); あつまる (atsumaru,都 まる); あつめる (atsumeru,都 める)←あつむ (atumu,都 む, historical); すべて (subete,都 て); すべる (suberu,都 べる) - Nanori: いち (ichi); くに (kuni); さと (sato); ひろ (hiro); みやこ (miyako)
Compounds
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
みやこ Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
⟨mi1yako1⟩ → */mʲijakʷo/ → /mijako/
From Old Japanese, a compound of
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- (archaic) the place of residence of the emperor
- (by extension) a capital city
- (by extension) a capital (most important city in the field specified)
- (shogi, colloquial) Short for
都 詰 め (miyakozume): moving the王将 (ōshō)/玉将 (gyokushō, “king”) to the center of the board with other pieces close together
Derived terms
edit都 遊 び (miyakoasobi)都 出 で (miyakoide)都 入 り (miyakoiri)都 移 し (miyakōtsushi),都 遷し (miyakōtsushi)都 移 り (miyakōtsuri),都 遷り (miyakōtsuri)都 瓜 (miyakōri)都 落ち (miyakōchi)都 顔 (miyakogao)都 形 (miyako-gata)都 見 物 (miyako kenbutsu)都 草 (miyakogusa)都 女 郎 (miyako jorō)都 上 臈 (miyako jōrō)都 育 ち (miyakosodachi)都 染 め (miyakozome)都 詰 め (miyakozume)都 道 者 (miyako dōsha)都 鳥 (miyakodori)都 上 り (miyakonobori)都 柱 (miyakobashira)都 人 (miyakobito)都 びる (miyakobiru)海 の都 (umi no miyako)梅 の都 (ume no miyako)桂 の都 (katsura no miyako)国 つ都 (kuni tsu miyako)雲 の都 (kumo no miyako)志賀 の都 (Shiga no miyako)寂 光 の都 (jakkō no miyako)多気 の都 (Take no miyako)龍 の都 (tatsu no miyako)玉 の都 (tama no miyako)月 の都 (tsuki no miyako)- 奈
良 の都 (Nara no miyako) 花 の都 (hana no miyako)鄙 の都 (hina no miyako)
Proverbs
edit住 めば都 (sumeba miyako)
Descendants
editProper noun
edit- a placename
- a surname
- a female given name
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
と Grade: 3 |
kan'on |
Alternative spelling |
---|
From Middle Chinese
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- a capital city
- a city, metropolis
- Short for
東京 都 (Tōkyō-to): the capital prefecture of Tokyo
Derived terms
editAffix
editCounter
edit- counter for metropolis prefectures
Usage notes
edit- Since
東 京 都 (Tōkyō-to) is the only prefecture with都 (-to), the counter only appears as一 都 (itto). It combines with the other prefecture counters県 (-ken),道 (-dō) and府 (-fu) to count prefectures of mixed types.
Derived terms
editEtymology 3
editKanji in this term |
---|
つ Grade: 3 |
goon |
Alternative spelling |
---|
From Middle Chinese
Affix
editDerived terms
editReferences
editKorean
editHanja
edit- hanja form? of 도 (“capital city”)
- hanja form? of 도 (“all, the whole”)
- hanja form? of 도 (“elegant, refined”)
Compounds
editOkinawan
editKanji
edit(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form
Readings
editCompounds
editOld Japanese
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editOriginally a compound of
- The ko is possibly
処 (ko2, affix indicating location), according to most dictionaries. However, poems in the Man'yōshū attest overwhelming phonetic usage of ⟨ko1⟩ instead of ⟨ko2⟩. There has likely been a vowel assimilation; it accounts for a form of this affix く (ku, place) (e.g. いづく (iduku, “where”)) (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?). - Alternatively, the ko might be from
子 (-ko1, diminutive suffix), as some Man'yōshū poems use the宮子 reading.
Noun
edit- the place of residence of the emperor, especially a temporary lodging in which the emperor stays during an imperial visit
- (by extension) a capital city
Derived terms
edit奈良 の都 (Nara no2 mi1yako1)
Descendants
edit- Japanese:
都 (miyako)
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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