(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
都 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

U+90FD, 都
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-90FD

[U+90FC]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+90FE]

U+FA26, 都
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA26
いっ
[U+FA25]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+FA27]

Translingual

edit
Stroke order
 

Alternative forms

edit

Note that there are two Unicode z-variants, with code points U+90FD and U+FA26 (the latter is a compatibility variant and contains an extra dot below in もの).

Han character

edit

(Kangxi radical 163, +8 in Chinese, 邑+9 in Japanese, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十日とおかゆみちゅう (JANL), four-corner 47627, composition もの)

Derived characters

edit

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1274, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39497
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1773, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3776, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+90FD

Chinese

edit
simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𨜞
𨛷

Glyph origin

edit
Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
   

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい形声けいせい, OC *taː) : phonetic もの (OC *tjaːʔ) + semantic (town, city).

Etymology 1

edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

edit


Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial (こえ) はし (5)
Final (いん) (23)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (ひらきあい) Open
Division (ひとし) I
Fanqie とうきり
Baxter tu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tuo/
Pan
Wuyun
/tuo/
Shao
Rongfen
/to/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tɔ/
Li
Rong
/to/
Wang
Li
/tu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
dou1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ tu ›
Old
Chinese
/*tˁa/
English capital city

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 16968
Phonetic
component
もの
Rime
group
さかな
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*taː/

Definitions

edit

  1. metropolis; large city
      ―  shì  ―  metropolis; major city
  2. capital; capital city
    しろ  ―  chéng  ―  capital
  3. (literary) to make a place the capital city; to establish a capital
  4. (obsolete) graceful; elegant
  5. a surname. Du
Synonyms
edit
  • (metropolis):

Compounds

edit

Descendants

edit
Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: () (to)
  • Korean: 도() (do)
  • Vietnamese: đô ()

Etymology 2

edit

Colloquial form of しょ (OC *tja, “all”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

edit

Note: dū - only used in certain fossilized expressions, e.g. だい.
Note: du1 - "also" in some overseas and Hong Kong speakers.
Note: du2 - “also”.

Definitions

edit

  1. all; both (used to indicate that the statement is true for every subject or object); or the entirety of something
    わが知道ともみちりょう  ―  dōu zhīdào le.  ―  I know everything. [ambiguous; may also mean “Even I know”.]
    にんなにひとこのみ [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Tā bǐ rènhé rén dōu hǎo. [Pinyin]
    He is better than anyone else.
    這裡てきひとわが認識にんしき [MSC, trad.]
    这里てきひとわが认识 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhèlǐ de rén wǒ dōu rènshí. [Pinyin]
    I know everyone here.
    現在げんざいざいちょう什麼いんもかいとくいた [MSC, trad.]
    现在ざいちょう什么とくいた [MSC, simp.]
    Xiànzài zài chāoshì shénme dōu mǎi de dào. [Pinyin]
    These days everything can be bought from a supermarket.
    什麼いんもでんかげ [MSC, trad.]
    什么电影 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā shénme diànyǐng dōu bù kàn. [Pinyin]
    He doesn't watch any movies.
    わがしんともざい哪裡のうねむとくちょ [MSC, trad.]
    わがしん羡慕ざい哪里のうねむとく [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ zhēn xiànmù tā, zài nǎlǐ dōu néng shuìdezháo. [Pinyin]
    I really envy him; he can sleep wherever he is.
    だい  ―  dōu  ―  generally
    いたなりかかり [Cantonese, trad.]
    いたなりけい [Cantonese, simp.]
    ceoi1 dou3 sing4 coeng4 dou1 hai6 [Jyutping]
    blown by the wind until it has covered the entire wall
  2. (emphasis on subject) even
    わが知道ともみちこれ怎麼知道ともみちてき [MSC, trad.]
    わが知道ともみちこれ怎么知道ともみちてき [MSC, simp.]
    dōu bù zhīdào, nǐ shì zěnme zhīdào de? [Pinyin]
    How come you know it when even I don't know?
  3. (emphasis on object) even, interchangeable with ()
    わが身上しんじょういちぶんぜにぼつゆう [MSC, trad.]
    わが身上しんじょういちぶんぼつゆう [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ shēnshàng yī fēn qián dōu méiyǒu. [Pinyin]
    I don't even have a single cent.
    わがきゅうりょうよん電話でんわいちぼつせっ [MSC, trad.]
    わがりょうよん电话いちぼつせっ [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ gěi tā dǎ le sì ge diànhuà, tā yīge dōu méi jiē. [Pinyin]
    I called her four times, but she answered none of them.
    1. (emphasis) Used in the れん………… structure; interchangeable with (); even
      れん畜生ちくしょうれん自己じこてき父母ちちははやしなえかつ [MSC, trad.]
      畜生ちくしょう自己じこてき父母ちちはは养活 [MSC, simp.]
      lián chùsheng dōu bùrú, lián zìjǐ de fùmǔ dōu bù yǎnghuo. [Pinyin]
      He is no better than an animal, because he doesn't even support his own parents.
  4. (emphasis on verb, in the negative) at all
      ―  dōu wèi dì guò  ―  have not seen a single second of it; have not seen it at all
  5. already
    よんてんりょうよんてんりょう  ―  Dōu sì diǎn le.  ―  It is already 4 o'clock.
    這麼ばんりょう这么ばんりょう  ―  Dōu zhème wǎn le ma?  ―  Is it that late already?
  6. (Cantonese) as well; also; too
    わがこのみこのみ [Guangzhou Cantonese]  ―  ngo5 dou1 hou2 hou2. [Jyutping]  ―  I'm fine too.
  7. (Cantonese) still; anyways; nevertheless
Usage notes
edit
  • When negating , the placement of () is important.
: not all, not everyone.
: none, no one
Synonyms
edit

Compounds

edit

Etymology 3

edit
For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to pout; to pucker up; etc.”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of ).
Notes:

Japanese

edit
Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1]


&#xFA26;
or
+&#xFE00;?
 
󠄀
+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
󠄃
+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

edit

(Third grade kyōiku kanjishinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form )

Readings

edit

Compounds

edit

Etymology 1

edit
Kanji in this term
みやこ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
(kyūjitai)
きょう
京都きょうと
 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

⟨mi1yako1 → */mʲijakʷo//mijako/

From Old Japanese, a compound of みや(みや) (miya, imperial palace) + しょ() (ko, place).

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

(みやこ) (miyako

  1. (archaic) the place of residence of the emperor
  2. (by extension) a capital city
  3. (by extension) a capital (most important city in the field specified)
  4. (shogi, colloquial) Short for (miyakozume): moving the 王将おうしょう (ōshō)/玉将ぎょくしょう (gyokushō, king) to the center of the board with other pieces close together
Derived terms
edit
Proverbs
edit
Descendants
edit

Proper noun

edit

(みやこ) (Miyako

  1. a placename
  2. a surname
  3. a female given name

Etymology 2

edit
Kanji in this term

Grade: 3
kan'on
Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese (MC tu).

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

() (to

  1. a capital city
  2. a city, metropolis
  3. Short for 東京とうきょう (Tōkyō-to): the capital prefecture of Tokyo
Derived terms
edit

Affix

edit

() (to

  1. city, metropolis
  2. capital city
  3. elegant, graceful, refined
  4. gather, command

Counter

edit

() (-to

  1. counter for metropolis prefectures

Usage notes

edit

Derived terms

edit

Etymology 3

edit
Kanji in this term

Grade: 3
goon
Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese (MC tu).

Affix

edit

() (tsu

  1. all, both, everyone, whole
Derived terms
edit

References

edit
  1. ^ ”, in 漢字かんじぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

edit

Hanja

edit

(eumhun 도읍 (do'eup do))

  1. hanja form? of (capital city)
  2. hanja form? of (all, the whole)
  3. hanja form? of (elegant, refined)

Compounds

edit

Okinawan

edit

Kanji

edit

(Third grade kyōiku kanjishinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form )

Readings

edit

Compounds

edit

Old Japanese

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

Originally a compound of みや (mi1ya, palace) and an uncertain (ko1) referring to a place.

  • The ko is possibly しょ (ko2, affix indicating location), according to most dictionaries. However, poems in the Man'yōshū attest overwhelming phonetic usage of ⟨ko1 instead of ⟨ko2. There has likely been a vowel assimilation; it accounts for a form of this affix (ku, place) (e.g. いづく (iduku, where)) (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?).
  • Alternatively, the ko might be from (-ko1, diminutive suffix), as some Man'yōshū poems use the 宮子みやこ reading.

Noun

edit

(mi1yako1) (kana みやこ)

  1. the place of residence of the emperor, especially a temporary lodging in which the emperor stays during an imperial visit
  2. (by extension) a capital city

Derived terms

edit

Descendants

edit

Vietnamese

edit

Han character

edit

: Hán Nôm readings: đô

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.