(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
得 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Wiktionary

得とく

See also: 🉐
得とく U+5F97, 得
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F97
← 徖
[U+5F96] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 徘 →
[U+5F98]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character

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得とく (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹たけ人じん日び一いち戈ほこ (HOAMI), four-corner 26241, composition ⿰彳㝵)

Derived characters

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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 367, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10137
  • Dae Jaweon: page 691, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 828, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5F97

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 得とく
2nd round simp. 𬁟
alternative forms
㝵 ancient
淂 ancient
𠭁
𧴫
䙷
㝵 ancient
淂 ancient
𠭁
𧴫
䙷
㝶
𮙮
 

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (得とく) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
得とく *tɯːɡ
淂 *tɯːɡ
棏 *dɯːɡ, *rtɯːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意かいい／会意かいい) . The ancient form of 得とく is 㝵, composed of 貝かい (“cowry”) + 又また (“hand”) — to pick up a cowry > to obtain valuables. A component 彳 was sometimes added to show that the cowry was picked up on the road.

In the Qin Bamboo and Slip script:

  • a horizontal line was added to the 又また, which means it is replaced with the related 寸すん. This is a feature of Qin script, and many characters that used to compound with 又また now compound with 寸すん.

In the Shuowen seal script:

  • the 貝かい corrupts into something resembling 見み. However, this should be an error of Shuowen because it can only be only found in Shuowen and not in historical Qin Seal script, Qin Bamboo, and Slip script.

In the clerical script:

  • the 貝かい is simplified as 目め (“eye”); such simplification can be seen in its early form in Spring and Autumn and Warring States bronze inscriptions, Chu Bamboo, and Silk script, as well as other characters such as 具ぐ. Then it corrupts into 旦だん (“dawn”) in later clerical script, and Regular script inherited it.

Etymology

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Pulleyblank (1991) relates it to Tibetan ཐུབ (thub, “to be able to; to withstand”).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • tit - vernacular (“to obtain”);
  • tek/tiak/terk - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 得とく
Mandarin Beijing /tɤ³⁵/
/tei²¹⁴/
Harbin /tɤ²⁴/ ～意い
/tɤ²¹³/ ～病びょう
Tianjin /tɤ⁴⁵/
/tei¹³/ ～虧
Jinan /tə²¹³/
/tei²¹³/
Qingdao /te⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /tɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /tei²¹/
Xining /ti⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ta¹³/
/tia¹³/
/tə¹³/
Lanzhou /tə¹³/
Ürümqi /tɤ⁵¹/
/tei⁵¹/
Wuhan /tɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /te³¹/
Guiyang /tɛ²¹/
Kunming /tə³¹/
Nanjing /təʔ⁵/
Hefei /tɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /tiəʔ²/ ～罪ざい
/təʔ²/ ～到いた
Pingyao /tiʌʔ¹³/ 吃ども～
/tʌʔ¹³/ ～手しゅ
Hohhot /tiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /təʔ⁵/
Suzhou /təʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /təʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /te²¹³/
Hui Shexian /teʔ²¹/
Tunxi /ti⁵/
Xiang Changsha /tə²⁴/
Xiangtan /tæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /tɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /tet̚¹/
Taoyuan /tet̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tɐk̚⁵/
Nanning /tɐk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /tɐk̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tik̚³²/
/tit̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /taiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /tik̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdit̚⁵/
Rime
Character 得とく
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 端はし (5)
Final (韻いん) 德とく (131)
Tone (調しらべ) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) I
Fanqie 多おお則のり切きり
Baxter tok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tək̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tək̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tək̚/
Li
Rong 		/tək̚/
Wang
Li 		/tək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		de
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 得とく
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dé
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tok ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁək/
English obtain

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 得とく
Reading # 1/1
No. 2165
Phonetic
component 		得とく
Rime
group 		職しょく
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		德とく
Old
Chinese 		/*tɯːɡ/

Definitions

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得とく

  1. to get; to obtain; to gain, to acquire
    我わが得とく了りょう亞あ軍ぐん。／我わが得とく了りょう亚军。  ―  Wǒ dé le yàjūn.  ―  I got second place.
    他た得とく了りょう個こ壞名聲めいせい。 [MSC, trad.]
    他た得とく了りょう个坏名声めいせい。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā dé le ge huài míngshēng. [Pinyin]
    He gained a bad reputation.
  2. to contract (disease); to become ill with
    他た得とく了りょう肺癌はいがん，活かつ不ふ了りょう多久たく。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Tā dé le fèi'ái, huó bù liǎo duōjiǔ. [Pinyin]
    He got lung cancer and won't live for long.
  3. to result in; to produce
    三さん三さん得とく九きゅう  ―  sān sān dé jiǔ  ―  three times three is nine
    二に五ご得とく一いち十じゅう [Cantonese]  ―  ji6 ng5 dak1 jat1 sap6 [Jyutping]  ―  two times five is ten
    八はち減げん三さん得とく五ご／八はち减三さん得とく五ご  ―  bā jiǎn sān dé wǔ  ―  eight minus three is five
  4. to be ready; finished
  5. to suit; to fit
    得とく體からだ／得とく体からだ  ―  détǐ  ―  appropriate
  6. satisfied; contented
    洋洋ようよう自じ得とく  ―  yángyángzìdé  ―  to be very pleased with oneself; to be self-satisfied
  7. (formal, often used in the negative) can; may; to be permitted
    乘客じょうきゃく不ふ得とく在ざい車くるま廂ひさし內飲食いんしょく。 [MSC, trad.]
    乘客じょうきゃく不ふ得とく在ざい车厢内うち饮食。 [MSC, simp.]
    Chéngkè bùdé zài chēxiāng nèi yǐnshí. [Pinyin]
    Passengers are not allowed to eat and drink on the train.
  8. (Cantonese) to only have; to just have
    得とく佢想そう去さ公園こうえん咋。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    得とく佢想そう去さ公おおやけ园咋。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    dak1 keoi5 soeng2 heoi3 gung1 jyun4-2 zaa3. [Jyutping]
    Only he wants to go to the park.
    得とく返かえし一いち分ぶん鐘かね。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    得とく返かえし一いち分ぶん钟。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    dak1 faan1 jat1 fan1 zung1. [Jyutping]
    There's just one minute left.
    賣うれ得とく嗰幾いく百ひゃく蚊か [Cantonese, trad.]
    卖得とく嗰几百ひゃく蚊か [Cantonese, simp.]
    maai6 dak1 go2 gei2 baak3 man1 [Jyutping]
    to have only sold a few hundred dollars
  9. interjective particle expressing approval or prohibition; see 得とく了りょう
    得とく了りょう，別べつ再さい說せつ了りょう。 [MSC, trad.]
    得とく了りょう，别再さい说了りょう。 [MSC, simp.]
    Dé le, bié zài shuō le. [Pinyin]
    OK! OK! That's enough.
    得とく喇，知道ともみち喇。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    dak1 laa3, zi1 dou3 laa3. [Jyutping]
    OK! Got it.
  10. interjective particle expressing frustration or helplessness
  11. (Cantonese) OK; good
    你噉做真しん係がかり唔得とく。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    你噉做真しん系けい唔得とく。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 gam2 zou6 zan1 hai6 m4 dak1. [Jyutping]
    You really mustn't do it this way.
  12. (Cantonese, often sarcastic) remarkable
    Synonym: 行くだり
    你哋真しん係がかり得とく。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    你哋真しん系けい得とく。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 dei6 zan1 hai6 dak1. [Jyutping]
    You guys are really something.

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 能のう (“can”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 能のう
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 能のう, 能のう夠, 可か以
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 能のう, 能のう夠, 可か以
Malaysia 能のう
Singapore 能のう, 能のう夠, 可か以
Cantonese Hong Kong 可か以
Hakka Kuching (Hepo) 得とく
Eastern Min Singapore (Fuqing) 會かい
Southern Min Penang (Hokkien) 會かい, 會かい使し
Singapore (Hokkien) 會かい, 會かい使し
Manila (Hokkien) 會かい, 會かい通どおり
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 得とく, 可か以
Wu Shanghai 好このみ
Suzhou 好このみ
Ningbo 好このみ
Dialectal synonyms of 行くだり (“OK”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 行くだり
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 行くだり
Taiwan 行くだり
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 中なか
Cantonese Guangzhou 得とく
Hong Kong 得とく
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 得とく
Wu Shanghai 來らい三さん, 來らい事こと
Suzhou 來らい三さん

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Note: di is used in poetry, songs.
Note:
  • Quanzhou:
    • tiak - literary;
    • tit - vernacular.

Definitions

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得とく

  1. Used after a verb or an adjective and before a degree complement.
    alt. forms: 的てき historical or nonstandard
    好このみ得とく很  ―  hǎo de hěn  ―  very good
    他た痛いた得とく直じき哭。  ―  Tā tòng de zhí kū.  ―  He is in so much pain that he won't stop crying.
    他た跑得とく快こころよ。  ―  Tā pǎo de kuài.  ―  He runs fast.
    他た跑得とく像ぞう一いち陣じん風ふう。 [MSC, trad.]
    他た跑得とく像ぞう一いち阵风。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā pǎo de xiàng yī zhèn fēng. [Pinyin]
    He runs like wind.
    他た畫が得とく好このみ。／他た画が得とく好このみ。  ―  Tā huà de hǎo.  ―  He paints well.
    呢啲嘢我わが哋見み得とく多おお。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    呢啲嘢我わが哋见得とく多おお。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ni1 di1 je5 ngo5 dei6 gin3 dak1 do1. [Jyutping]
    This sort of thing is nothing new (we have seen a lot of it).
  2. Used after a verb to express possibility or capability.
    alt. forms: 的てき historical or nonstandard in Mandarin
    吃ども得とく  ―  chī de  ―  eatable, edible
    看み得とく見み／看み得とく见  ―  kàn de jiàn  ―  able to see
    做不ふ得とく  ―  zuò bù de  ―  must not be done
    這雙そう鞋穿ほじ得とく。／这双そう鞋穿ほじ得とく。  ―  Zhè shuāng xié chuān de.  ―  These shoes fit well.
    這個人ひと批評ひひょう不ふ得とく。 [MSC, trad.]
    这个人ひと批评不ふ得とく。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhège rén pīpíng bù de. [Pinyin]
    He's not a man to criticize.
  3. (Cantonese) Used after a verb to form an adjectival phrase expressing capability.
    佢好このみ食しょく得とく。 [Cantonese]  ―  keoi5 hou2 sik6 dak1. [Jyutping]  ―  He could eat a lot.
    呢本ほん書しょ都と幾いく賣うれ得とく。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    呢本ほん书都と几卖得とく。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ne1 bun2 syu1 dou1 gei2 maai6 dak1. [Jyutping]
    This book sells quite a few copies.
    冇邊あたり個こ衰おとろえ得とく過か佢。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    冇边个衰おとろえ得とく过佢。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    mou5 bin1 go3 seoi1 dak1 gwo3 keoi5. [Jyutping]
    There's no one who could be worse than him.
Usage notes
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Synonyms

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  • (used after a verb or an adjective and before a degree complement): (Hokkien) 甲きのえ

Compounds

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Pronunciation 3

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Note: dêg4 - Jieyang.

Definitions

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得とく

  1. (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial) to need (something)
    這份表ひょう格かく得とく多少たしょう時間じかん才ざい能のう填はま完かん？ [MSC, trad.]
    这份表ひょう格かく得とく多少たしょう时间才ざい能のう填はま完かん？ [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè fèn biǎogé děi duōshào shíjiān cái néng tián wán? [Pinyin]
    How much time will one need to fill this form?
  2. (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial) must; to have to
    我わが得とく走はし了りょう。  ―  Wǒ děi zǒu le.  ―  I must go (now).
    ……是これ種たね病やまい，得とく治ち！ [MSC, trad.]
    ……是これ种病やまい，得とく治ち！ [MSC, simp.]
    ...... shì zhǒng bìng, děi zhì! [Pinyin]
    ... is actually an illness. It has to be treated! (humorous, slang)
  3. (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial) (almost certainly) will
    再さい不ふ回かい去さ，就得とく趕不上じょう末すえ班はん車しゃ了りょう。 [MSC, trad.]
    再さい不ふ回かい去さ，就得とく赶不上じょう末すえ班はん车了りょう。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zài bù huíqù, jiù děi gǎnbùshàng mòbānchē le. [Pinyin]
    If we don't go back now, we won't be able to catch the last bus.
  4. (dialectal Mandarin) nice; satisfying

Synonyms

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  • (must):

Compounds

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Pronunciation 4

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Definitions

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得とく

  1. (Hokkien) placed after a verb with 會かい or 𣍐 before the verb to express possibility or ability
    𣍐堪こらえ得とく／𫧃堪こらえ得とく [Hokkien]  ―  bōe-kham-tit [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to be unable to stand or endure or bear something

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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得とく

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. acquire

Readings

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  • Go-on: とく (toku, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: とく (toku, Jōyō)
  • Kun: える (eru, 得える, Jōyō)、うる (uru, 得える, Jōyō)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
得とく
とく
Grade: 5
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
徳とく

From Middle Chinese 得とく (MC tok).

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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得とく(とく) • (toku) ←とく (toku)?-na (adnominal 得とく(とく)な (toku na), adverbial 得とく(とく)に (toku ni))

  1. beneficial; with gain
    Antonym: 損そん (son)
    500円えん(ごひゃくえん)お得とく(とく)
    go-hyaku-en o-toku
    getting 500 yen
Inflection
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Inflection of 得とく
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然みぜん形がた) 得とくだろ とくだろ toku daro
Continuative (連用形れんようけい) 得とくで とくで toku de
Terminal (終止しゅうし形がた) 得とくだ とくだ toku da
Attributive (連体れんたい形がた) 得えな とくな toku na
Hypothetical (仮定かてい形がた) 得とくなら とくなら toku nara
Imperative (命令めいれい形がた) 得とくであれ とくであれ toku de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 得とくではない
得とくじゃない 		とくではない
とくじゃない 		toku de wa nai
toku ja nai
Informal past 得とくだった とくだった toku datta
Informal negative past 得とくではなかった
得とくじゃなかった 		とくではなかった
とくじゃなかった 		toku de wa nakatta
toku ja nakatta
Formal 得とくです とくです toku desu
Formal negative 得とくではありません
得とくじゃありません 		とくではありません
とくじゃありません 		toku de wa arimasen
toku ja arimasen
Formal past 得とくでした とくでした toku deshita
Formal negative past 得とくではありませんでした
得とくじゃありませんでした 		とくではありませんでした
とくじゃありませんでした 		toku de wa arimasen deshita
toku ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 得とくで とくで toku de
Conditional 得とくなら（ば） とくなら（ば） toku nara (ba)
Provisional 得とくだったら とくだったら toku dattara
Volitional 得とくだろう とくだろう toku darō
Adverbial 得とくに とくに toku ni
Degree 得えさ とくさ tokusa
Descendants
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  • → Chinese: 得とく (dé)

Noun

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得とく(とく) • (toku) ←とく (toku)?

  1. beneficial; with gain
    Antonym: 損そん (son)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
得とく
う
Grade: 5
kun'yomi

Verb

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得とく(う) • (u) †nidan

  1. Classical Japanese form of 得える (uru)
Conjugation
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Classical conjugation of "得とく" (ア行ぎょう下か二に段だん活用かつよう, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然みぜん形がた) 得とく え e
Continuative (連用形れんようけい) 得とく え e
Terminal (終止しゅうし形がた) 得とく う u
Attributive (連体れんたい形がた) 得える うる uru
Realis (已然いぜん形がた) 得うれ うれ ure
Imperative (命令めいれい形がた) 得とくよ えよ eyo
Key constructions
Negative 得えず えず ezu
Contrasting conjunction 得えれど うれど uredo
Causal conjunction 得うれば うれば ureba
Conditional conjunction 得とくば えば eba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 得えき えき eki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 得えけり えけり ekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 得えつ えつ etu
Perfect tense (natural event) 得えぬ えぬ enu
Perfect-continuative tense 得えたり えたり etari
Volitional 得とくむ えむ emu

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 得とく (MC tok).

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

得とく (eumhun 얻을 득 (eodeul deuk))

  1. hanja form? of 득 (“obtain, achieve”)
  2. hanja form? of 득 (“gain, benefit”)
  3. hanja form? of 득 (“satisfaction”)

Derived terms

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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得とく: Hán Việt readings: đắc
得とく: Nôm readings: đác, được, đắc, đắt

  1. Nôm form of được (“to get, to obtain”).

References

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