賴
|
Translingual
editTraditional | |
---|---|
Shinjitai | |
Simplified | 赖 |
Han character
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1210, character 31
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36861
- Dae Jaweon: page 1676, character 27
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3651, character 11
- Unihan data for U+8CF4
Chinese
editGlyph origin
editPhono-semantic compound (
Etymology 1
edittrad. | ||
---|---|---|
simp. | 赖 | |
alternative forms | 顂 𩓃 ancient 𧡽 |
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nai4
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): lai5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): lai3
- Northern Min (KCR): lāi
- Eastern Min (BUC): lâi
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6la; 6le
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lai4 / lai5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lài
- Wade–Giles: lai4
- Yale: lài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lay
- Palladius: лай (laj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /laɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nai4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lai
- Sinological IPA (key): /nai²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: laai6
- Yale: laaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: laai6
- Guangdong Romanization: lai6
- Sinological IPA (key): /laːi̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lai5
- Sinological IPA (key): /lai³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: lai5
- Sinological IPA (key): /lai¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lai
- Hakka Romanization System: lai
- Hagfa Pinyim: lai4
- Sinological IPA: /lai̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: lai3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /lai⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lāi
- Sinological IPA (key): /lai⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lâi
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃ɑi²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nōa
- Tâi-lô: nuā
- Phofsit Daibuun: noa
- IPA (Xiamen): /nuã²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lāi
- Tâi-lô: lāi
- Phofsit Daibuun: lai
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lai⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lai²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nāi
- Tâi-lô: nāi
- Phofsit Daibuun: nai
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nãi³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /nãi²²/
Note:
- lōa/nōa - vernacular (incl. surname);
- lāi/nāi - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: lua7 / nai6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: luā / năi
- Sinological IPA (key): /lua¹¹/, /nai³⁵/
Note:
- lua7 - vernacular;
- nai6 - literary.
Note:
- 3la - vernacular;
- 3le - literary.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: lai4 / lai5
- Sinological IPA (key): /lai̯⁴⁵/, /lai̯²¹/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /lai⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /lai⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /lai⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /lɛ²¹/ /lɛ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /lɛ⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /lai³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /lai⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /lɛ²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /lɛ¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /lɛ¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /lai²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /nai³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /nai¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /nai²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /læ²¹²/ | |
Nanjing | /lae⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /le̞⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /lai⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | /læ³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /lɛ⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /la²³/ |
Suzhou | /lɑ³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /le̞¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /la²²/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /la²²/ |
Tunxi | /la¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /lai⁵⁵/ /lai¹¹/ |
Xiangtan | /nai⁵⁵/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /lai²¹/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /lai⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | /lɑi⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /lai²²/ |
Nanning | /lai²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /lai²²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lai²²/ /nua²²/ /lua²²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /lɑi²⁴²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /lai⁴⁴/ /luɛ⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /nãi³³/ /lua²¹³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /lai³⁵/ /lai³³/ |
- Middle Chinese: lajH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*rˤa[t]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*raːds/
Definitions
edit- to rely; to depend on
- to accuse falsely
- shameless; impudent; cheeky; brazen
- (colloquial) bad
- to hang on in a place; to drag out one's stay in a place
- to disavow; to deny
- to falsely incriminate
- to blame; to put the blame upon
- a surname
賴 清 德 /赖清 德 ― Lài Qīngdé ― Lai Ching-te (Taiwanese politician)
Synonyms
edit- (to rely):
- 仗恃 (zhàngshì) (literary, chiefly derogatory)
仰 仗 (yǎngzhàng)仰 賴 /仰 赖 (yǎnglài)依 (yī)依 仗 (yīzhàng)依 倚 (Hokkien)依 恃 (yīshì) (literary)依 歸 /依 归 (yīguī) (literary)依託 /依 托 (yītuō)依賴 /依 赖 (yīlài)依 附 (yīfù)依 靠 (yīkào)- 倚仗 (yǐzhàng)
- 倚倚 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
借 助 (jièzhù)- 倚賴/倚赖 (yǐlài)
- 倚靠 (yǐkào)
寄 (jì)展 品 棒 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)- 怙恃 (hùshì) (literary)
- 憑/
凭 (píng) - 憑仗/
凭 仗 (píngzhàng) 憑依 /凭 依 (píngyī)- 憑借/
凭 借 (píngjiè) - 憑恃/
凭 恃 (píngshì) - 憑靠/
凭 靠 (píngkào) 指 (zhǐ)據 /据 歸依 /归依 (guīyī) (literary)- 聊 (liáo) (formal)
- (bad):
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | ||
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 壞 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 壞, |
Taiwan | 壞 | |
Malaysia | 壞 | |
Singapore | 壞 | |
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 壞, 孬, |
Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 瞎, 壞 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 壞 |
Wuhan | 壞, 拐 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 壞 |
Hefei | 壞 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 壞, |
Hong Kong | 壞, | |
Zhongshan (Shiqi) | ||
Yangjiang | 壞 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | ||
Singapore (Guangfu) | ||
Gan | Nanchang | 壞 |
Hakka | Meixian | 壞 |
Wuhua (Meilin) | ||
Jin | Taiyuan | |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 壞, 獰 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 歹, 䆀 |
Xiamen (Tong'an) | 歹 | |
Quanzhou | 歹 | |
Jinjiang | 歹 | |
Nan'an | 歹 | |
Shishi | 歹 | |
Zhangzhou | 䆀 | |
Zhao'an | 䆀, 孬 | |
Tainan | 歹 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 䆀, 歹 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 歹 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 歹 | |
Datian | 歹 | |
Chaozhou | 孬 | |
Shantou | 孬 | |
Jieyang | 孬, 歹 | |
Puning | 孬 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 歹, 孬 | |
Leizhou | 㾀 | |
Wenchang | 㾀 | |
Haikou | 㾀 | |
Singapore (Hainanese) | 㾀 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 壞, 恘 |
Suzhou | 壞, 恘 | |
Ningbo | ||
Wenzhou | ||
Xiang | Changsha | 壞, 拐 |
Shuangfeng | 壞, 拐 |
- 倚賴/倚赖 (Hokkien, Teochew)
- 彎鬱/弯郁 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
攻擊 /攻 击 (gōngjī)- 栽贓/栽赃 (zāizāng)
- 毀謗/毁谤 (huǐbàng)
- 污蔑 (wūmiè)
- 潑髒
水 /泼脏水 (pō zāng shuǐ) (figurative) - 瘄污 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 詆毀/诋毁 (dǐhuǐ)
誣告 /诬告- 誣害/诬害 (wūhài)
- 誣捏/诬捏 (ŭ-niĕk) (Eastern Min)
- 誣枉/诬枉 (wūwǎng)
- 誣蔑/诬蔑 (wūmiè)
- 誣賴/诬赖 (wūlài)
- 誣陷/诬陷 (wūxiàn)
誹謗 /诽谤 (fěibàng)謠 諑/谣诼 (yáozhuó) (literary)- 讒害/谗害 (chánhài)
- (to blame):
- 僝僽 (chánzhòu) (literary)
叱 罵 /叱 骂 (chìmà)叱責 /叱 责 (chìzé)- 吆喝 (colloquial)
- 呲 (cī)
- 呲兒/呲儿 (cīr)
呵 叱 (hēchì)呼 喝 (hūhè) (literary)- 呲打 (cīda) (Northeastern Mandarin)
呵 斥 (hēchì)呵責 /呵 责 (hēzé) (literary)喝 叱 - 嗔怪 (chēnguài) (literary)
- 嗔著/嗔着 (chēnzhe) (colloquial)
怒 (nù) (Classical Chinese)怪 (guài)- 怨怪 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
怪 罪 (guàizuì)批評 /批评 (pīpíng)指摘 (zhǐzhāi)指 斥 (zhǐchì)指 責 /指 责 (zhǐzé)指 點 /指 点 (zhǐdiǎn)- 捋 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 摘 (literary, or in compounds)
- 撻伐/挞伐 (tàfá) (literary, figurative)
數 落/数 落 (shǔluo) (informal)數 說 /数 说 (shǔshuō)- 斥斥 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 斥罵/斥骂 (chìmà)
- 斥責/斥责 (chìzé)
歸 咎 /归咎 (guījiù)歸 罪 /归罪 (guīzuì)派 激勵 /激励 (jīlì) (literary)熊 (xióng) (colloquial)申 斥 (shēnchì)痛罵 /痛 骂 (tòngmà)聲 討/声 讨 (shēngtǎo)訓 /训 (xùn) (literary, or in compounds)訓 斥/训斥 (xùnchì)- 詬病/诟病 (gòubìng) (literary)
說 /说說話 /说话 (shuōhuà)謗 議 /谤议 (bàngyì) (literary)譴責 /谴责 (qiǎnzé)責 備/责备 (zébèi)責 怪 /责怪 (zéguài)責 罵 /责骂 (zémà)責 難 /责难 (zénàn)- 貶斥/贬斥 (biǎnchì) (literary)
- 貶責/贬责 (biǎnzé)
非議 /非 议 (fēiyì)非難 /非 难 (fēinàn)體 斥/体 斥 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
Compounds
edit不 賴 /不 赖 (bùlài)二 賴子 /二 赖子- 仗賴/仗赖
仰 賴 /仰 赖 (yǎnglài)何 聊賴/何 聊赖依賴 /依 赖 (yīlài)依賴 性 /依 赖性 (yīlàixìng)信賴 /信 赖 (xìnlài)- 倚賴/倚赖 (yǐlài)
- 倚賴
性 /倚赖性 兩 賴子 /两赖子 南 賴 /南 赖 (Nánlài)- 叨賴/叨赖
圖 賴 /图赖對 賴 /对赖展 賴 /展 赖市井 無賴 /市井 无赖 (shìjǐngwúlài)庇 賴 /庇 赖- 廝賴/厮赖
- 悔賴/悔赖
惡 叉 白 賴 /恶叉白 赖惡 賴 /恶赖- 憊賴/惫赖
打 白 賴 /打 白 赖托 賴 /托 赖- 抵賴/抵赖 (dǐlài)
- 撇賴/撇赖
- 撒賴/撒赖 (sālài)
放 賴 /放 赖有 賴 /有 赖 (yǒulài)死 乞白賴 /死 乞白赖 (sǐqibáilài)死 氣 白 賴 /死 气白赖死 求 白 賴 /死 求 白 赖死 皮 賴 臉/死 皮 赖脸 (sǐpílàiliǎn)沒 皮 賴 臉/没 皮 赖脸派 賴 /派 赖涎 皮 賴 臉/涎 皮 赖脸 (xiánpílàiliǎn)混 賴 /混 赖- 潑皮
無賴 /泼皮无赖 - 潑皮
賴 虎 /泼皮赖虎 - 潑賴/泼赖
無 聊賴/无聊赖 (wúliáolài)無賴 /无赖 (wúlài)狡 賴 /狡 赖 (jiǎolài)白 賴 /白 赖百 無 聊賴/百 无聊赖 (bǎiwúliáolài)皮 賴 歪 派 /皮 赖歪派 磨 賴 /磨 赖端 賴 /端 赖- 耍
無賴 /耍无赖 (shuǎ wúlài) - 耍賴/耍赖 (shuǎlài)
- 耍賴
皮 /耍赖皮 (shuǎ làipí) - 聊賴/聊赖 (liáolài)
胡 賴 /胡 赖託 賴 /托 赖訛 賴 /讹赖- 誣賴/诬赖 (wūlài)
賴 債 /赖债賴 圖 /赖图賴 婚 /赖婚賴子 /赖子賴 學 /赖学賴 帳 /赖帐 (làizhàng)賴 床 /赖床 (làichuáng)賴 極 皮 /赖极皮 賴 比 瑞 亞 /赖比瑞 亚 (Làibǐruìyà)賴 皮 /赖皮 (làipí)賴 索 托 /赖索托 (Làisuǒtuō)賴 肉 頑皮/赖肉顽皮賴 衣 求 食 /赖衣求 食 賴 詐 /赖诈賴 詞 兒 /赖词儿賴 賴 趖/赖赖趖 (lōa-lōa-sô) (Min Nan)賴 骨 頑皮/赖骨顽皮辯 賴 /辩赖達 賴 喇嘛/达赖喇嘛 (dálài lǎma)- 頑皮
賴 骨 /顽皮赖骨
References
edit- “Entry #11941”, in
教育 部 臺灣 台 語 常用 詞 辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024. - “
賴 ”, in漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Etymology 2
edittrad. | ||
---|---|---|
simp. | 赖 | |
alternative forms | 攋/𪮶 落 |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Same word as
Pronunciation
edit- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: laai6
- Yale: laaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: laai6
- Guangdong Romanization: lai6
- Sinological IPA (key): /laːi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
edit- to leave behind; to forget to bring
Etymology 3
edittrad. | ||
---|---|---|
simp. | 赖 |
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lài
- Wade–Giles: lai4
- Yale: lài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lay
- Palladius: лай (laj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /laɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
edit- (Taiwan, colloquial) Line (an instant messaging software)
Japanese
editKanji
edit(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form
Readings
editKorean
editHanja
editVietnamese
editHan character
edit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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賴 - Mandarin terms with collocations
- Chinese colloquialisms
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- Japanese jinmeiyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading らい
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading らい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading たの・む
- Japanese kanji with kun reading たの・もしい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading たよ・る
- Japanese kanji with kun reading たよ・り
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading よち
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading より
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