任にん

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See also: 仟 and 件けん
任にん U+4EFB, 任
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EFB
← 仺
[U+4EFA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 仼 →
[U+4EFC]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character[edit]

任にん (Kangxi radical 9, 人ひと+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人ひと竹ちく土ど (OHG), four-corner 22214, composition ⿰亻壬みずのえ)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 94, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 416
  • Dae Jaweon: page 200, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 122, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+4EFB

Chinese[edit]

trad. 任にん
simp. # 任にん

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 任にん
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Bronze inscriptions

b12353

b12354

Small seal script

s05801

Transcribed ancient scripts

L33730

L33731

L12273

L12274

L12275

L12276

L12277

L12278

L12279

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (壬みずのえ) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
紝 *nɯm, *njɯm, *njɯms
鵀 *nɯm, *njɯm, *njɯms
拰 *nɯmʔ
賃ちん *nɯms
任にん *njɯm, *njɯms
壬みずのえ *l̥ʰeːŋʔ, *njɯm
恁 *njɯm, *njɯmʔ
銋 *njɯm, *njɯmʔ
荏 *njɯmʔ
餁 *njɯmʔ
栠 *njɯmʔ
袵おくみ *njɯmʔ
飪 *njɯmʔ
妊にん *njɯms
衽おくみ *njɯms

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *njɯm, *njɯms) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 壬みずのえ (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ, *njɯm) – to carry on a shoulder pole.

Note that its phonetic part 壬みずのえ (OC *njɯm) may be the graphical representation of 任にん, depicting a shoulder pole rotated by 90 degrees.

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with 妊にん (OC *njɯms, “pregnant”) and Tibetan སྣོམ་པ (snom pa, “to take; seize; hold”). May also be cognate with Proto-Kam-Sui *ȵam¹ (“to hold”) and Old Khmer nāṃ (“to carry”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note: literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 任にん (責せめ任にん)
Mandarin Beijing /ʐən⁵¹/
Harbin /ʐən⁵³/
Tianjin /in⁵³/
/ʐən⁵³/
Jinan /ʐẽ²¹/
Qingdao /iə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʐən³¹²/
Xi'an /ʐẽ⁴⁴/
Xining /ʐə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʐəŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /ʐə̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /ʐɤŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /nən³⁵/
Chengdu /zən¹³/
Guiyang /zen²¹³/
Kunming /ʐə̃²¹²/
Nanjing /ʐən⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʐən⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /zəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ʐəŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /ʐə̃ŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən³¹/
Hangzhou /zen¹³/
Wenzhou /zaŋ²²/
Hui Shexian /iʌ̃²²/
Tunxi /ian¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʐən⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /in⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /lɨn²¹/
Hakka Meixian /im⁵³/
Taoyuan /im⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐm²²/
Nanning /jɐm²²/
Hong Kong /jɐm²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lim²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ɛiŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /iŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /zim³⁵/
/zim³¹/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zim³³/
Rime
Character 任にん
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲こえ) 日ひ (38)
Final (韻いん) 侵おかせ (139)
Tone (調しらべ) Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 汝なんじ鴆切きり
Baxter nyimH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵiɪmH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵimH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑjemH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵimH/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiəmH/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭĕmH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯əmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		rèn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jam6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 任にん
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		rèn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nyimH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*n[ə]m-s/
English burden; charge (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 任にん
Reading # 2/2
No. 10823
Phonetic
component 		壬みずのえ
Rime
group 		侵おかせ
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		妊にん
Old
Chinese 		/*njɯms/

Definitions[edit]

任にん

  1. to carry on a shoulder pole; to carry
  2. to bear; to endure; to put up with
  3. to take charge of; to assume the post of; to be in charge of
  4. to trust to; to rely on; to believe; to guarantee
  5. to appoint; to assign someone to a post
  6. to indulge; to be self-indulgent; to allow
  7. load; burden; luggage; baggage
  8. duty; responsibility; obligation
  9. tenure; term of office; incumbency
  10. office; post; position
  11. officeholder; postholder
  12. even if; even though
  13. no matter how; regardless of
  14. Classifier for terms of office.

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Note:
  • jam4 - prescribed;
  • jam6 - variant.
Note: vernacular (“surname”).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 任にん (姓せい任にん)
Mandarin Beijing /ʐən³⁵/
Harbin /ʐən²⁴/
Tianjin /in⁴⁵/
/ʐən⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʐẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /iə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʐən⁴²/
Xi'an /ʐẽ²⁴/
Xining /ʐə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʐəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʐə̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʐɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nən²¹³/
Chengdu /zən³¹/
Guiyang /zen²¹/
Kunming /ʐə̃³¹/
Nanjing /ʐən²⁴/
Hefei /ʐən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /zəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ʐəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ʐə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiŋ²³/
/zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /ȵin¹³/
Hangzhou /zen²¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵaŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /iʌ̃²²/
Tunxi /ian¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʐən¹³/
Xiangtan /in⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /im⁵³/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐm²¹/
Nanning /jɐm²²/
Hong Kong /jɐm²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lim³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /iŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /iŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /zim³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zim³⁵/
Rime
Character 任にん
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲こえ) 日ひ (38)
Final (韻いん) 侵おかせ (139)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 如林はやし切きり
Baxter nyim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵim/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑjem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵim/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiəm/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		rén
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jam4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 任にん
Reading # 1/2
No. 10808
Phonetic
component 		壬みずのえ
Rime
group 		侵おかせ
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		任にん
Old
Chinese 		/*njɯm/

Definitions[edit]

任にん

  1. (historical) an ancient woman's rank of nobility
  2. (historical) an ancient music of the southern indigenous people
  3. † Alternative form of 壬みずのえ (rén, “artful; fawning”)
  4. a surname
    任にん弼時とき／任にん弼时  ―  Rén Bìshí  ―  Ren Bishi (military and political leader in the early Chinese Communist Party)

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

任にん

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. responsibility
  2. duty
  3. term
  4. entrust to
  5. appoint

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
任にん
にん
Grade: 5
goon

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

任にん(にん) • (nin) 

  1. duty, responsibility, obligation

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
任にん
まき
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

任にん(まき) • (maki) 

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
任にん
まけ
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

任にん(まけ) • (make) 

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 4[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 任にん – see the following entry.
【儘まま】H
[noun] the same, unchanged state; state as it is
[noun] (mostly in the form 儘になる (mama ni naru)) the desired or ideal state; freedom
[noun] act of leaving things as it is
Alternative spellings
随ずい, 侭まま, まんま
(This term, 任にん, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

任にん (eumhun 맡길 임 (matgil im))

  1. Hanja form? of 임 (“duty; responsibility”).

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

任にん: Hán Việt readings: nhậm[1][2][3], nhiệm[1][3], nhâm[3]
任にん: Nôm readings: nhậm[1][2][3], nhằm[1][2][3], nhiệm[1][4], nhầm[2][4], nhẩm[3][4], nhăm[3], nhặm[3], vững[3]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hồ (1976).
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