牆
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]牆 (Kangxi radical 90, 爿+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input
Derived characters
[edit]Related characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 692, character 29
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19806
- Dae Jaweon: page 1105, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2378, character 22
- Unihan data for U+7246
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 牆/墻 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 墙 | |
2nd round simp. | 垟 | |
alternative forms | 廧/𪪞 𤖧 𤖣 𤖠 𢉈 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 牆 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
臧 | *ʔsaːŋ |
牂 | *ʔsaːŋ |
戕 | *kaːl, *ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ |
贓 | *ʔsaːŋ |
*zaːŋ, *zaːŋs | |
奘 | *zaːŋʔ, *zaːŋs |
臟 | *zaːŋs |
*ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs | |
漿 | *ʔsaŋ |
鱂 | *ʔsaŋ |
蔣 | *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋʔ |
螿 | *ʔsaŋ |
槳 | *ʔsaŋʔ |
獎 | *ʔsaŋʔ |
醬 | *ʔsaŋs |
鏘 | *sʰaŋ |
蹡 | *sʰaŋ, *ʔshaŋs |
嶈 | *sʰaŋ |
斨 | *sʰaŋ |
爿 | *braːn, *zaŋ |
牆 | *zaŋ |
妝 | *ʔsraŋ |
*ʔsraŋ | |
*ʔsraŋ, *ʔsraŋs | |
*ʔsraŋs | |
疒 | *rnɯːɡ, *zraŋ |
*zraŋ | |
*zraŋ | |
*zraŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (
Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qiang2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чён (či͡on, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): qiong2
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): qion1
- Northern Min (KCR): ciông
- Eastern Min (BUC): chiòng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zhian
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zian2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ciáng
- Wade–Giles: chʻiang2
- Yale: chyáng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyang
- Palladius: цян (cjan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: qiang2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kiang
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiaŋ²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чён (či͡on, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiɑŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: coeng4
- Yale: chèuhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng4
- Guangdong Romanization: cêng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: tiang3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰiaŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: qiong2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ²⁴/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiòng
- Hakka Romanization System: qiongˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: qiong2
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯oŋ¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siòng
- Hakka Romanization System: xiongˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xiong2
- Sinological IPA: /si̯oŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: qion1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰiɒ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ciông
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siɔŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chiòng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰuoŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiôⁿ
- Tâi-lô: tshiônn
- Phofsit Daibuun: chviooi
- IPA (Tainan): /t͡sʰiɔ̃²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɔ̃¹³/
- (Hokkien: Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiâuⁿ
- Tâi-lô: tshiâunn
- Phofsit Daibuun: chviaau
- IPA (Penang): /t͡sʰiãu²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiông
- Tâi-lô: tshiông
- Phofsit Daibuun: chioong
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiâng
- Tâi-lô: tshiâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: chiaang
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiaŋ¹³/
Note:
- chhiûⁿ/chhiôⁿ/chhiâuⁿ - vernacular;
- chhiông/chhiâng - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ciên5 / cion5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiêⁿ / tshiôⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰĩẽ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰĩõ⁵⁵/
Note:
- ciên5 - Chaozhou;
- cion5 - Shantou.
- Middle Chinese: dzjang
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*zaŋ/
Definitions
[edit]牆
- wall (Classifier:
面 m;堵 m mn; 埲 c;幅 c) - (Mainland China, Internet slang) Great Firewall
- (Mainland China, Internet slang, usually passive) (the Great Firewall) to censor; to block (a website)
- 2021 February 18, “Clubhouse
無 言論 審 查 遭北京 封殺 ”, in看 中國 [Vision Times][1], Western Canada edition, number 720, page A3:- Duì cǐ, wǎngyǒu fēnfēn zài Wēibó biǎoshì, “gāng huǒ liǎng tiān jiù bèi qiáng le”, “tūrán jiù SSL error le”, “dēng bù jìnqù le, qìngxìng jíshí tǐyànle yī bǎ, gǎnshòu dàole nà fèn jiǔwéi de zhìxùgǎn, hùliánwǎng lǐyí”. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
對 此,網 友 紛紛 在 微 博 表示 ,「剛 火 兩 天 就被 牆了 」、「突然 就SSL error了 」、「登 不 進 去 了 ,慶 幸 及時體驗 了 一 把 ,感受 到 了 那 份久 違 的 秩序 感 、互聯網 禮儀 」。 [MSC, trad.]
对此,网友纷纷在 微 博 表示 ,「刚火 两天 就被 墙了 」、「突然 就SSL error了 」、「登 不 进去了 ,庆幸及时体 验了 一 把 ,感受 到 了 那 份久 违的 秩序 感 、互联网礼 仪」。 [MSC, simp.]
Synonyms
[edit]- (wall):
Dialectal synonyms of 牆 (“wall”) [map]
Compounds
[edit]亂作 蕭 牆/乱作 萧墙佛 跳 牆/佛 跳 墙 (fótiàoqiáng)兄弟 鬩牆/兄弟 阋墙 (xiōngdìxìqiáng)- 哭牆/哭墙 (Kūqiáng)
圍 牆/围墙 (wéiqiáng)- 圜牆/圜墙
土 牆/土 墙 (tǔqiáng)垣 牆/垣 墙城 牆/城 墙 (chéngqiáng)堵 牆/堵 墙女兒 牆/女 儿墙 (nǚ'érqiáng)女 牆/女 墙 (nǚqiáng)宮 牆/宫墙宮 牆外望 /宫墙外 望 山 牆/山 墙 (shānqiáng)巖 牆之下 /岩 墙之下 巴 南 牆望/巴 南 墙望引水 入 牆/引水 入 墙彫 牆/雕墙忝 列 門 牆/忝 列 门墙打 牆腳/打 墙脚- 扶牆摸壁/扶墙摸壁
承 重 牆/承 重 墙 (chéngzhòngqiáng)- 拆牆腳/拆墙
脚 (chāi qiángjiǎo) - 挖牆
根 /挖墙根 - 挖牆腳/挖墙
脚 (wā qiángjiǎo) - 挖牆
角 /挖墙角 排 牆倒/排 墙倒- 撞牆/撞墙 (zhuàngqiáng)
- 撞牆
期 /撞墙期 - 擋土牆/挡土墙 (dǎngtǔqiáng)
- 擋油牆/挡油墙
- 攔門牆兒/拦门墙儿
朽木 糞 牆/朽木 粪墙 (xiǔmùfènqiáng)東 牆/东墙板 牆球/板 墙球柏 林 圍 牆/柏 林 围墙 (Bólín Wéiqiáng)桃李 門 牆/桃李 门墙民主 牆/民主 墙沙 牆/沙 墙泥 牆/泥 墙照 牆/照 墙- 爬牆
虎 /爬墙虎 - 牆上
泥 皮 /墙上泥 皮 - 牆上
草 /墙上草 - 牆垣/墙垣 (qiángyuán)
- 牆垛
子 /墙垛子 牆壁 /墙壁 (qiángbì)- 牆外
漢 /墙外汉 - 牆宇/墙宇
- 牆有
茨 /墙有茨 - 牆根/墙根 (qiánggēn)
- 牆腳/墙脚 (qiángjiǎo)
- 牆花
路 柳 /墙花路 柳 - 牆花
路 草 /墙花路 草 - 牆衣/墙衣
- 牆裙/墙裙
- 牆角/墙角 (qiángjiǎo)
- 牆鈴/墙铃
- 牆面/墙面
- 牆面
而立 /墙面而立 - 牆頭/墙头
- 牆頭
草 /墙头草 (qiángtóucǎo) - 牆頭
馬上 /墙头马上 - 牆風
壁 耳 /墙风壁 耳 狗 急 跳 牆/狗 急 跳 墙 (gǒujítiàoqiáng)- 矮牆/矮墙
- 矮牆
淺 屋 /矮墙浅 屋 石 牆/石 墙 (shíqiáng)- 磚牆/砖墙
禍 發 蕭 牆/祸发萧墙禍 稔 蕭 牆/祸稔萧墙禍 起 蕭 牆/祸起萧墙 (huòqǐxiāoqiáng)- 稟牆/禀墙
粉 牆/粉 墙紅 杏 出 牆/红杏出 墙 (hóngxìngchūqiáng)累 牆/累 墙羹 牆/羹 墙羹 牆見堯/羹 墙见尧- 聽牆
根 /听墙根 蕭 牆/萧墙 (xiāoqiáng)蕭 牆之禍 /萧墙之 祸蕭 牆禍起 /萧墙祸起見 堯於牆/见尧于墙觸 事 面 牆/触 事 面 墙變 起 蕭 牆/变起萧墙 (biànqǐxiāoqiáng)路 柳 牆花/路 柳 墙花跳 牆和尚 /跳 墙和尚 跳 牆頭/跳 墙头跳 牆驀圈 /跳 墙蓦圈 - 踰牆/逾墙
- 踰牆避命/逾墙避命
- 踰牆鑽穴/逾墙钻穴
- 踰牆鑽隙/逾墙钻隙
- 逐出
門 牆/逐出门墙 - 鄰女窺牆/邻女窥墙
- 釁發
蕭 牆/衅发萧墙 - 釁起
蕭 牆/衅起萧墙 銅 牆鐵壁 /铜墙铁壁 (tóngqiángtiěbì)鐵壁 銅 牆/铁壁铜墙- 鑽穴踰牆/钻穴逾墙
- 鑽隙踰牆/钻隙逾墙
門 牆/门墙門 牆桃李 /门墙桃李 防火 牆/防火 墙 (fánghuǒqiáng)防音 牆/防音 墙隙 大 牆壞/隙 大 墙坏隔 牆有耳 /隔 墙有耳 (géqiángyǒu'ěr)隔 音 牆/隔 音 墙電 視 牆/电视墙面 牆/面 墙面 牆而立 /面 墙而立 - 頹牆壞壁/颓墙坏壁 (tuí qiáng huài bì)
風 火 牆/风火墙飛 牆走壁 /飞墙走壁 騎 牆/骑墙 (qíqiáng)騎 牆之見 /骑墙之 见- 鬩牆/阋墙
- 鬩牆
之 禍 /阋墙之 祸 鬼 打 牆/鬼 打 墙
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “牆”, in
漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]牆
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]牆 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Readings
[edit]- Nôm: tường
References
[edit]- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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