兜
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 125, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1386
- Dae Jaweon: page 265, character 27
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 273, character 16
- Unihan data for U+515C
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
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alternative forms | 兠/ |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Ideogrammic compound (
Etymology 1
[edit]Baxter and Sagart (2014) suggests a connection to
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): dau1
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): dău
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄡ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dou
- Wade–Giles: tou1
- Yale: dōu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dou
- Palladius: доу (dou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /toʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (
兜 兒 /兜 儿)+- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄡㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dour
- Wade–Giles: tou1-ʼrh
- Yale: dōur
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: doul
- Palladius: доур (dour)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɤʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dau1
- Yale: dāu
- Cantonese Pinyin: dau1
- Guangdong Romanization: deo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: têu
- Hakka Romanization System: deuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: deu1
- Sinological IPA: /teu̯²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dău
- Sinological IPA (key): /tau⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- tau - vernacular;
- to͘ - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dao1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tau
- Sinological IPA (key): /tau³³/
- Middle Chinese: tuw
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤo/
- (Zhengzhang): /*toː/
Definitions
[edit]- helmet; hood
- helmet-shaped
- armor
- to wrap in a bag; to encase; to carry in a wrap
- bag; pouch; plastic bag
- to pocket; to keep; to retain; to acquire dishonestly
- to reach
- to move around; to move in a circle
- to canvass; to solicit
兜 生 意 ― dōu shēngyi ― to solicit business
- to take responsibility for
- to relate in detail
- to peddle; to hawk
- (Hokkien) home
- (Hokkien) nearby
- (Singapore Hokkien) place; side; location
- 這
兜 /这兜 [Hokkien] ― chit-tau [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― this place; this side; this location
- 這
- (Cantonese) flat or shallow container; flat or shallow bowl
- (Cantonese) to contain; to hold in a container; to hold with one's hand(s) in a horizontal positional
- (Cantonese) to make a detour; to bypass; to deviate
- (Cantonese, of routes or journeys) indirect; lengthy; with detours or deviations
- (Cantonese) to explain one's way out of a bad situation
- (Cantonese) Classifier for things put in a flat or shallow container.
- (Cantonese) to scoop with a flat or shallow container
- (Cantonese) to hit with one's limbs, in a curved trajectory; to slap (someone); to kick
Synonyms
[edit]- (pocket):
口 袋 (kǒudai),衣袋 (yīdài),衣 兜 (yīdōu) - (bag): (Hokkien)
袋 仔 (tē-á) - (to move in a circle):
繞 /绕 (rào)
Compounds
[edit]- 傴兜/伛兜
兜 來 兜 去 /兜 来 兜 去 兜 兒 /兜 儿 (dōur)兜 兜 兜 兜 嘴 兒 /兜 兜 嘴 儿兜 兜 答 答 兜 兜 褲兒/兜 兜 裤儿兜 剿兜 口 兜 面 兜 售 (dōushòu)兜 喜 神 方 兜 嘴 兜 圈 子 (dōu quānzi)兜子 (dōuzi)兜 巴 星 兜 底 (dōudǐ)兜 底 兒 /兜 底 儿兜 得 轉 /兜 得 转兜 抄 兜 拖兜 捕 兜 搭兜 攬/兜 揽 (dōulǎn)兜 攬生意 /兜 揽生意 兜 率 天 (Dōushuàitiān)兜 率 天宮 /兜 率 天 宫兜 率 宮 /兜 率 宫兜 的 兜 答 兜 籠 /兜 笼兜 紗 /兜 纱兜 羅 /兜 罗 (dōuluó)兜 翻 兜 老 底 兜 肚 (dōudù)兜 肚兒/兜 肚儿兜 胸 兜 膝 兜 臉/兜 脸兜 襠 /兜 裆兜 路 兜 轎/兜 轿兜 銷/兜 销兜 鍪 (dōumóu)兜 頭 /兜 头兜 頭蓋 臉/兜 头盖脸 (dōutóugàiliǎn)兜 風 /兜 风 (dōufēng)- 冤兜
圍 兜 /围兜 (wéidōu)帽 兜子 - 慲兜/𰒆
兜 - 揸兜
暖 雲 兜 /暖 云 兜 橋 兜 /桥兜 (Qiáodōu)漏 兜 - 肚兜 (dùdōu)
觀音 兜 /观音兜 阿 兜 眼 露兜樹 /露 兜 树
Etymology 2
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Definitions
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]Variety | Location | Words |
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Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 些 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 些 |
Singapore | 些 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 啲 |
Hong Kong | 啲 | |
Taishan | ||
Singapore (Guangfu) | 啲 | |
Hakka | Meixian | |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | ||
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | ||
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | ||
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | ||
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | ||
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | ||
Southern Min | Xiamen | 寡 |
Zhangzhou | 寡 | |
Tainan | 寡 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 寡 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 寡 | |
Shantou | ||
Jieyang | ||
Singapore (Teochew) | ||
Wu | Shanghai | |
Wenzhou |
Compounds
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- (Min Nan pronunciation audio) “Entry #6941”, in
教育 部 臺灣 台 語 常用 詞 辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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かぶと Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
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From Old Japanese. Found in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE with the reading kaputo.[1]
Derivation currently unknown.
- A surface analysis might suggest a derivation from
被 る (kaburu, “to wear something on the head”). However, that reading derives from older form kagafuru and does not appear until 850,[1] some time after the first appearance of kabuto.
- An alternative analysis might suggest a compound of
頭 (kabu, “head”, kun'yomi and native Japanese term) +兜 (to, “helmet”, on'yomi and borrowing from Chinese). However, the “head” sense with the kabu reading does not appear until near the end of the Muromachi period.[1]
- Word-medial bilabial plosives usually underwent lenition, shifting along the lines of /p/ → /f/ → /w/, then vanishing altogether except where the following vowel was /a/. This lenition often did not happen at morpheme boundaries in compound words. The persistence of the /b/ in kabuto might thus suggest that this term was originally a compound of ka + puto. The ka element is uncertain, possibly the か (ka-) intensifying prefix added to adjectives; Old Japanese puto would be the stem and root of modern
太 い (futoi, “thick; fat; stout”), possibly in reference to the protective strength provided by a helmet. This puto would then have undergone rendaku (連濁 ) to become buto.
- Compare the phonology of adjective か
細 い (kabosoi, “very slender”), composed of this ka- prefix and adjective細 い (hosoi, ancient pososi) and demonstrating a similar retention of the bilabial plosive and rendaku (連濁 ).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988)
国語 大 辞典 (新装 版 ) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN - ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),
大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN - ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK
日本語 発音 アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]See also
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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兜 read as かぶと - Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
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兜 - Japanese single-kanji terms
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