寡

寡 U+5BE1, 寡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BE1 ← 寠 [U+5BE0] CJK Unified Ideographs 寢ね → [U+5BE2]

Translingual

Han character

寡 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十じゅう一いち金きん竹ちく (JMCH), four-corner 3022₇, composition ⿳宀頁ぺーじ刀かたな)

Derived characters

• 𠏶, 𭄖

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 290, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7286
• Dae Jaweon: page 574, character 26
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 947, character 7
• Unihan data for U+5BE1

Chinese

simp. and trad.		寡
2nd round simp.		𠆣
alternative forms		𧵿 𡩼 𠆣

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 寡
Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script

In the bronze script from the Western Zhou period, it was originally an ideogrammic compound (會意かいい／会意かいい) : 宀 (“house”) + 頁ぺーじ (“head”) — only one person in the house; alone.

In the bronze script from the Warring States period, two decorative strokes were added around 頁ぺーじ. The seal script found in Shuowen adds two additional strokes, making the component under 宀 appear as 分ぶん and 頁ぺーじ, leading Shuowen to erroneously interpret the character as an ideogrammic compound (會意かいい／会意かいい) : 宀 (“house”) + 頒 (“to distribute”).

Etymology

Related to 鰥 (OC *kruːn, *kruːns, “widower”), 孤こ (OC *kʷaː, “orphan; alone”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan དགོན་པ (dgon pa, “solitary place; desert; wilderness”), Tibetan སྒོས (sgos, “private; individual”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): guǎ (gua³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄚˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gua³

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gwaa²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ga²

• Gan (Wiktionary): gua³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kóa

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gua³

• Jin (Wiktionary): gua²
• Northern Min (KCR): guǎ
• Eastern Min (BUC): guā
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kóa / kóaⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): guan² / gua²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ko; ⁵kua
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gua³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guǎ
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guǎ
    • Wade–Giles: kua³
    • Yale: gwǎ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goa
    • Palladius: гуа (gua)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ä²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: gua³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gua
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kua⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gwaa²
    • Yale: gwá
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwaa²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gua²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷaː³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ga²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: gua³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kua²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kóa
    • Hakka Romanization System: gua`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gua³
    • Sinological IPA: /ku̯a³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gua³
    • Sinological IPA: /kua³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: gua²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kua⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: guǎ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kua²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: guā
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kua³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kóa
    • Tâi-lô: kuá
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koar
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kua⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kua⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kua⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kóaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kuánn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvoar
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuã⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kuã⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: guan² / gua²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuáⁿ / kuá
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kũã⁵²/, /kua⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵ko; ⁵kua
    • MiniDict: ko^去さ; kua^去さ
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ko; ²kua
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ko³⁴/, /kua³⁴/

Note:

• 2ko - vernacular;
• 2kua - literary.

• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: gua³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯a̠⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: kwaeX

Rime
Character	寡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	見み (28)
Final (韻いん)	麻あさ (99)
Tone (調しらべ)	Rising (X)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Closed
Division (等ひとし)	II
Fanqie	古ふる瓦かわら切きり
Baxter	kwaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠuaX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚaX/
Shao Rongfen	/kuaX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨX/
Li Rong	/kuaX/
Wang Li	/kwaX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwaX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guǎ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwaa2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.k]ʷˤraʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʷraːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	寡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guǎ
Middle Chinese	‹ kwæX ›
Old Chinese	/*[C.k]ʷˁraʔ/
English	few
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	寡
Reading #	1/1
No.	4400
Phonetic component	寡
Rime group	魚さかな
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	寡
Old Chinese	/*kʷraːʔ/

Definitions

寡

1. few; scant

   寡德とく之これ人ひと  ―  guǎdé zhī rén  ―  person of meager virtue

2. widowed
3. widow
4. alone; friendless
5. tasteless

   淨きよし係がかり食しょく菜さい好こう似に寡咗啲喎。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   净系食しょく菜さい好こう似に寡咗啲㖞。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   zing⁶ hai⁶ sik⁶ coi³ hou² ci⁵ gwaa² zo² di¹ wo³. [Jyutping]

   It's kind of tasteless to eat vegetables only.

6. (Hokkien) some

   我わが去さ菜さい市し仔こ買かい寡青菜あおな。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
   我わが去さ菜さい市し仔こ买寡青菜あおな。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

   Góa khì chhài-chhī-á bé kóa chheⁿ-chhài. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   I'm going to the market to buy some vegetables.

7. (Central Min) one

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 寡婦かふ (“widow”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		寡, 寡婦かふ, 寡妻, 嫠, 嫠婦, 孀, 孀妻, 孀婦, 遺のこ孀, 孤こ孀, 孤こ嫠, 寡嫠
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		寡婦かふ, 孤こ孀
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	寡婦かふ, 半はん邊あたり人じん兒じ, 半はん邊あたり人じん
	Taiwan	寡婦かふ
	Ulanhot	寡婦かふ
	Tongliao	寡婦かふ
	Chifeng	寡婦かふ
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	寡婦かふ
	Harbin	寡婦かふ
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	寡婦かふ
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	寡婦かふ兒じ
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	寡婦かふ
	Wanrong	寡婦かふ
	Xi'an	寡婦かふ
	Xining	寡婦かふ
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	女おんな寡婦かふ
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	女おんな寡婦かふ
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	寡婦かふ
	Bayanhot	寡婦かふ
	Lanzhou	寡婦かふ
	Ürümqi	寡婦かふ
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	寡母子ぼし, 寡母兒じ, 寡婦かふ
	Wuhan	寡婦かふ
	Guiyang	寡婆, 寡婦かふ
	Guilin	寡婦かふ
	Guanyang	寡婆子こ
	Liuzhou	寡母婆ばば, 寡婦かふ婆ばば, 寡婦かふ
	Dagudi (Maliba)	寡婦かふ
	Reshuitang (Longling)	寡婦かふ婆ばば
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	老ろう寡婦かふ
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	寡婦かふ
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	寡婦かふ
	Yangzhou	半はん邊あたり人じん, 寡婦かふ
	Xinghua	半はん邊あたり人じん
	Hefei	寡婦かふ
Cantonese	Guangzhou	寡母婆ばば, 寡婆
	Hong Kong	寡母婆ばば
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	寡婦かふ婆ばば
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	守まもり寡婆
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	守まもり寡婆
	Taishan	寡婆
	Dongguan	守まもり寡婆
	Yangjiang	寡婦かふ婆ばば
	Xinyi	寡母婆ばば
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	寡母婆ばば
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	寡母婆ばば
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	寡婦かふ
Gan	Nanchang	寡婦かふ, 半はん邊あたり人じん
	Lichuan	寡婦かふ
	Pingxiang	寡婦かふ, 寡婦かふ婆ばば
Hakka	Meixian	寡婦かふ
	Yudu	寡婦かふ婆ばば
	Hong Kong	守まもり寡婆
	Sabah (Longchuan)	寡婦かふ婆ばば
	Senai (Huiyang)	守まもり寡婆
Huizhou	Jixi	寡婦かふ, 寡婦かふ老ろう嫗おうな
Jin	Taiyuan	寡婦かふ
	Xinzhou	寡婦かふ, 守まもり寡哩
	Taibus (Baochang)	寡婦かふ
	Linhe	寡婦かふ
	Jining	寡婦かふ
	Hohhot	寡婦かふ
	Baotou	寡婦かふ
	Dongsheng	寡婦かふ
	Haibowan	寡婦かふ
Northern Min	Jian'ou	守まもり寡嫲
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	孀居儂わし, 孀居
Southern Min	Xiamen	守まもり寡儂, 守まもり寡的, 守まもり寡查某ぼう
	Quanzhou	守まもり寡儂
	Zhangzhou	守まもり寡儂
	Chaozhou	守まもり寡個
	Shantou	寡婦かふ
	Bangkok (Teochew)	寡婦かふ
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	寡婦かふ
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	寡婦かふ
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	寡婦かふ
	Wenchang	守もり節ぶし
	Haikou	死し老公ろうこう個こ
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	寡婆
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	寡母婆ばば
Wu	Shanghai	孤こ孀, 寡婦かふ
	Shanghai (Chongming)	寡婦かふ, 單たん邊あたり人じん
	Suzhou	孤こ孀
	Wuxi	寡婦かふ
	Danyang	寡婦かふ
	Hangzhou	寡婦かふ
	Ningbo	孤こ孀老𡢿, 孤こ孀
	Wenzhou	守まもり寡老人じん兒じ, 守まもり寡老安やす人じん, 單たん邊あたり人じん
	Jinhua	寡婦かふ
Xiang	Changsha	寡婦かふ
	Loudi	寡婦かふ
	Shuangfeng	單身たんしん寡婦かふ, 寡婦かふ

Dialectal synonyms of 些 (“some, a few”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		些
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	些
	Singapore	些
Cantonese	Guangzhou	啲
	Hong Kong	啲
	Taishan	尼あま
	Singapore (Guangfu)	啲
Hakka	Meixian	兜かぶと
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	兜かぶと
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	兜かぶと
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	兜かぶと
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	兜かぶと
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	兜かぶと
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	兜かぶと
Southern Min	Xiamen	寡
	Zhangzhou	寡
	Tainan	寡
	Singapore (Hokkien)	寡
	Manila (Hokkien)	寡
	Shantou	撮つまみ
	Jieyang	撮つまみ
	Singapore (Teochew)	撮つまみ
Wu	Shanghai	眼め, 點てん, 些 formal or Mandarin-influenced
	Wenzhou	厘りん兒じ

Dialectal synonyms of 一いち (“one”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		一いち
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		一いち, 幺 as a digit
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	一いち
	Taiwan	一いち
	Chengde	一いち
	Ulanhot	一いち
	Tongliao	一いち
	Chifeng	一いち
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	一いち
	Heihe	一いち
	Qiqihar	一いち
	Harbin	一いち
	Jiamusi	一いち
	Baicheng	一いち
	Changchun	一いち
	Tonghua	一いち
	Shenyang	一いち
	Jinzhou	一いち
	Singapore	一いち
	Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)	一いち
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	一いち
	Tangshan	一いち
	Cangzhou	一いち
	Baoding	一いち
	Shijiazhuang	一いち
	Lijin	一いち
	Jinan	一いち
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	一いち
	Dandong	一いち
	Yantai	一いち
	Yantai (Muping)	一いち
	Qingdao	一いち
	Zhucheng	一いち
Central Plains Mandarin	Lingbao	一いち
	Jining	一いち
	Wanrong	一いち
	Linfen	一いち
	Shangqiu	一いち
	Yuanyang	一いち
	Zhengzhou	一いち
	Xinyang	一いち
	Baihe	一いち
	Xi'an	一いち
	Dingbian	一いち
	Baoji	一いち
	Tianshui	一いち
	Xining	一いち
	Yanqi	一いち
	Xuzhou	一いち
	Fuyang	一いち
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	一いち
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	一いち
	Bayanhot	一いち
	Lanzhou	一いち
	Dunhuang	一いち
	Hami	一いち
	Ürümqi	一いち
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	一いち
	Nanchong	一いち
	Dazhou	一いち
	Hanyuan	一いち
	Xichang	一いち
	Zigong	一いち
	Chongqing	一いち
	Wuhan	一いち
	Yichang	一いち
	Xiangyang	一いち
	Tianmen	一いち
	Guiyang	一いち
	Zunyi	一いち
	Bijie	一いち
	Liping	一いち
	Zhaotong	一いち
	Dali	一いち
	Kunming	一いち
	Mengzi	一いち
	Guilin	一いち
	Guanyang	一いち
	Lipu	一いち
	Pingle	一いち
	Yangshuo	一いち
	Liuzhou	一いち
	Luzhai	一いち
	Nanning (Fujian)	一いち
	Nanning (Wuming)	一いち
	Binyang (Nanjie)	一いち
	Hechi (Yizhou)	一いち
	Luocheng (Dongmen)	一いち
	Tianlin (Langping)	一いち
	Jishou	一いち
	Changde	一いち
	Yongzhou	一いち
	Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)	一いち
	Hanzhong	一いち
	Dagudi (Maliba)	一いち
	Reshuitang (Longling)	一いち
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	一いち
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	一いち
	Oudomxay	一いち
	Pematangsiantar	一いち
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	一いち
	Yangzhou	一いち
	Lianyungang	一いち
	Lianshui	一いち
	Nantong	一いち
	Anqing	一いち
	Wuhu	一いち
	Hefei	一いち
	Hong'an	一いち
Mandarin	Jiangshan (Nianbadu)	一いち
	Kaihua (Huabu)	一いち
	Yushan (Huaiyu)	一いち
Cantonese	Guangzhou	一いち
	Hong Kong	一いち
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	一いち
	Yangjiang	一いち
	Nanning (Tanka)	一いち
	Wuzhou	一いち
	Yulin	一いち
	Rongxian	一いち
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	一いち
	Hepu (Shatian)	一いち
	Guiping	一いち
	Guiping (Jintian)	一いち
	Guiping (Jiangkou)	一いち
	Guiping (Madong)	一いち
	Guiping (Mule)	一いち
	Pingnan	一いち
	Pingnan (Danzhu)	一いち
	Mengshan (Xinxu)	一いち
	Mengshan (Chentang)	一いち
	Guigang (Gangcheng)	一いち
	Guigang (Pingdong)	一いち
	Beiliu	一いち
	Baise	一いち
	Qinzhou	一いち
	Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	一いち
	Beihai	一いち
	Beihai (Nankang)	一いち
	Beihai (Yingpan)	一いち
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	一いち, 𠬠
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	一いち, 𠬠
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	一いち
	Dongxing	一いち
	Lingchuan (Yangjia)	一いち
	Sanya (Yanglan Maihua)	一いち
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	一いち
	Sarikei (Xinhui)	一いち
	Singapore (Guangfu)	一いち
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	一いち
	Móng Cái	一いち, 𠬠
	Mandalay (Taishan)	一いち
	Bangkok (Guangfu)	一いち
	Betong (Rongxian)	一いち
Gan	Nanchang	一いち
	Pengze	一いち
	Yanshan (Yongping)	一いち
	Fengcheng	一いち
	Lichuan	一いち
	Pingxiang	一いち
Hakka	Meixian	一いち
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	一いち
	Jiexi	一いち
	Yudu	一いち
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	一いち
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	一いち
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	一いち
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	一いち
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	一いち
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	一いち
	Hong Kong	一いち
	Bobai (Shahe)	一いち
	Bobai (Longtan)	一いち
	Bobai (Lingping)	一いち
	Binyang (Wangling)	一いち
	Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui)	一いち
	Lipu (Shuangduitun)	一いち
	Lipu (Dashigu)	一いち
	Pingle (Tong'an)	一いち
	Yangshuo (Jinbao)	一いち
	Guidong	一いち
	Sabah (Longchuan)	一いち
	Kuala Lumpur (Dabu)	一いち
	Senai (Huiyang)	一いち
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	一いち
	Singkawang	一いち
	Pontianak (Meixian)	一いち
	Bangkok (Meixian)	一いち
	Bangkok (Fengshun)	一いち
	Bangkok (Jiexi)	一いち
Huizhou	Jixi	一いち
	Shexian	一いち
	Shexian (Daguyun)	一いち
Jin	Taiyuan	一いち
	Taiyuan (Jiancaoping)	一いち
	Pingyao	一いち
	Yangyuan	一いち
	Datong	一いち
	Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou)	一いち
	Xinzhou	一いち
	Lüliang (Lishi)	一いち
	Changzhi	一いち
	Taibus (Baochang)	一いち
	Linhe	一いち
	Jining	一いち
	Liangcheng	一いち
	Hohhot	一いち
	Baotou	一いち
	Dongsheng	一いち
	Haibowan	一いち
	Erenhot	一いち
	Pingshan	一いち
	Zhangjiakou	一いち
	Handan	一いち
	Linzhou	一いち
	Suide	一いち
Jiuxing Yumin	Lanxi	一いち
Northern Min	Jian'ou	蜀しょく
	Songxi	蜀しょく
	Jianyang	蜀しょく
	Pucheng (Shibei)	個こ
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	蜀しょく
	Fuqing	蜀しょく
	Gutian	蜀しょく
	Ningde	蜀しょく
	Zhouning	蜀しょく
	Fuding	蜀しょく
	Singapore (Fuqing)	蜀しょく
Southern Min	Xiamen	蜀しょく
	Quanzhou	蜀しょく
	Jinjiang	蜀しょく
	Hui'an	蜀しょく
	Yongchun	蜀しょく
	Zhangzhou	蜀しょく
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	蜀しょく
	Zhao'an	蜀しょく
	Taipei	蜀しょく
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	蜀しょく
	Kaohsiung	蜀しょく
	Yilan	蜀しょく
	Changhua (Lukang)	蜀しょく
	Taichung	蜀しょく
	Tainan	蜀しょく
	Hsinchu	蜀しょく
	Kinmen	蜀しょく
	Penghu (Magong)	蜀しょく
	Penang (Hokkien)	蜀しょく
	Singapore (Hokkien)	蜀しょく
	Manila (Hokkien)	蜀しょく
	Longyan	蜀しょく
	Pingnan (Pingtian)	蜀しょく
	Guiping (Xiaowen)	蜀しょく
	Guiping (Dongsheng)	蜀しょく
	Chaozhou	蜀しょく
	Shantou	蜀しょく
	Shantou (Chenghai)	蜀しょく
	Jieyang	蜀しょく
	Haifeng	蜀しょく
	Hong Kong (Yuen Chau Tsai)	蜀しょく, 一いち
	Bangkok (Teochew)	蜀しょく, 一いち
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	蜀しょく
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	蜀しょく
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	蜀しょく
	Singapore (Teochew)	蜀しょく
	Batam (Teochew)	蜀しょく
	Pontianak (Teochew)	蜀しょく
	Leizhou	蜀しょく
	Haikou	蜀しょく
	Singapore (Hainanese)	蜀しょく
Puxian Min	Putian	蜀しょく
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	蜀しょく
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	蜀しょく
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	蜀しょく
	Xianyou	蜀しょく
	Xianyou (Fengting)	蜀しょく
	Xianyou (Youyang)	蜀しょく
Central Min	Yong'an	寡
	Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping)	寡
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	個こ, 蜀しょく
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	蜀しょく
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	一いち
	Binyang	一いち
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dongbianzhou)	一いち
	Guilin (Yangjia)	一いち
	Guilin (Qianjing)	一いち
	Guilin (Liutang, Lingui)	一いち
	Lingchuan (Sanjie)	一いち
	Lingchuan (Gaoqiao)	一いち
	Lingchuan (Shuangzhou)	一いち
Shehua	Chaozhou	一いち
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	一いち
	Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	一いち
Wu	Shanghai	一いち
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	一いち
	Shanghai (Jiading)	一いち
	Shanghai (Chongming)	一いち
	Suzhou	一いち
	Suzhou (Wujiang)	一いち
	Danyang	一いち
	Gaochun (Zhongbao)	一いち
	Hangzhou	一いち
	Hangzhou (Fuyang)	一いち
	Ningbo	一いち
	Xiangshan	一いち
	Wenzhou	一いち
	Songyang (Gushi)	一いち
	Longquan	一いち
	Jiangshan	一いち
	Jinhua	一いち
	Yiwu	一いち
Xiang	Changsha	一いち
	Xiangxiang	一いち
	Xiangxiang (Meiqiao)	一いち
	Loudi	一いち
	Shuangfeng	一いち
	Hengyang	一いち
	Hengshan	一いち
	Hengshan (Baiguo)	一いち
	Qinglong (Changliu Laba Miao)	一いち

Compounds

• 一いち寡 (chi̍t-kóa) (Min Nan)
• 一いち寡仔 (chi̍t-kóa-á) (Min Nan)
• 乖寡
• 九きゅう寡
• 仁じん柔やわら寡斷／仁じん柔やわら寡断
• 以寡擊げき眾／以寡击众
• 以寡敵てき眾／以寡敌众
• 以眾克かつ寡／以众克かつ寡
• 以眾暴寡／以众暴寡
• 優柔ゆうじゅう寡斷／优柔寡断 (yōuróuguǎduàn)
• 兵へい微ほろ將しょう寡／兵へい微ほろ将しょう寡 (bīngwēijiàngguǎ)
• 凋寡
• 刻こく薄うす寡恩
• 吃ども寡酒
• 吃ども寡醋
• 單たん寡／单寡
• 喝かつ寡酒
• 單たん鵠くぐい寡鳧／单鹄寡凫
• 因いん陋就寡
• 填はま寡
• 多寡たか (duōguǎ)
• 多端たたん寡要
• 多た賤寡貴とうと／多た贱寡贵
• 失しつ道どう寡助 (shīdàoguǎzhù)
• 女兒じょじ寡／女おんな儿寡
• 孀寡
• 孤こ儔寡匹ひき／孤こ俦寡匹ひき
• 孤兒こじ寡婦かふ／孤こ儿寡妇
• 孤こ家か寡人 (gūjiāguǎrén)
• 孤こ寡 (gūguǎ)
• 孤こ寡不穀こく／孤こ寡不谷だに
• 孤こ寡鰥獨どく／孤こ寡鳏独どく
• 孤立こりつ寡與／孤立こりつ寡与
• 孤こ辰たつ寡宿
• 孤こ陋寡聞かぶん／孤こ陋寡闻 (gūlòuguǎwén)
• 孤こ雌めす寡鶴／孤こ雌めす寡鹤
• 孤こ鴻おおとり寡鵠／孤こ鸿寡鹄
• 孤こ鸞寡鶴づる／孤こ鸾寡鹤
• 守まもり寡 (shǒuguǎ)
• 守まもり活かつ寡 (shǒuhuóguǎ)
• 寡不勝しょう眾／寡不胜众
• 寡不敵てき眾／寡不敌众 (guǎbùdízhòng)
• 寡乏
• 寡事
• 寡二に少しょう雙そう／寡二に少しょう双そう
• 寡交
• 寡人 (guǎrén)
• 寡仇
• 寡佬
• 寡信 (guǎxìn)
• 寡便宜よろし
• 寡偶
• 寡儔／寡俦
• 寡兄
• 寡刻
• 寡剌
• 寡力
• 寡功
• 寡劣
• 寡助 (guǎzhù)
• 寡占かせん (guǎzhàn)
• 寡合
• 寡君 (guǎjūn)
• 寡味
• 寡命
• 寡和
• 寡嗛
• 寡大夫たいふ
• 寡夫やもめ (guǎfū)
• 寡女
• 寡姊
• 寡妻 (guǎqī)
• 寡婦かふ／寡妇
• 寡婦かふ笱／寡妇笱
• 寡婦かふ臉子／寡妇脸子
• 寡婦かふ莎／寡妇莎
• 寡嫂
• 寡嫠 (guǎlí)
• 寡嬸／寡婶
• 寡孀
• 寡孤
• 寡學／寡学
• 寡宿孤こ辰たつ
• 寡將／寡将
• 寡小君くん
• 寡少
• 寡尤
• 寡居
• 寡廉鮮恥／寡廉鲜耻 (guǎliánxiǎnchǐ)
• 寡弱
• 寡彈／寡弹
• 寡徒
• 寡德
• 寡怨
• 寡恩 (guǎ'ēn)
• 寡恩少しょう義よし／寡恩少しょう义
• 寡悔
• 寡情
• 寡情少しょう義よし／寡情少しょう义
• 寡情薄うす意い
• 寡愛／寡爱
• 寡態／寡态
• 寡慮／寡虑
• 寡慾／寡欲かよく (guǎyù)
• 寡拉
• 寡拉主ぬし兒じ／寡拉主ぬし儿
• 寡斷／寡断
• 寡方
• 寡昧
• 寡智
• 寡欲かよく (guǎyù)
• 寡歡／寡欢 (guǎhuān)
• 寡母
• 寡民 (guǎmín)
• 寡氣／寡气
• 寡淺／寡浅
• 寡淡 (guǎdàn)
• 寡漢／寡汉
• 寡為／寡为
• 寡營／寡营
• 寡特
• 寡狀／寡状
• 寡狹／寡狭
• 寡獨／寡独
• 寡瘦
• 寡白
• 寡知
• 寡立
• 寡糖 (guǎtáng)
• 寡約／寡约
• 寡老
• 寡耦
• 寡聞かぶん／寡闻
• 寡聞かぶん少しょう見み／寡闻少しょう见
• 寡能
• 寡臣
• 寡與／寡与
• 寡色
• 寡草
• 寡萌
• 寡薄
• 寡處／寡处
• 寡虞
• 寡蛋
• 寡見／寡见
• 寡見少しょう聞／寡见少しょう闻
• 寡見鮮聞／寡见鲜闻
• 寡言かげん (guǎyán)
• 寡訥／寡讷
• 寡誠／寡诚
• 寡謀／寡谋
• 寡識／寡识
• 寡讎／寡雠
• 寡貌
• 寡辣
• 寡過／寡过
• 寡酒
• 寡醋
• 寡闇／寡暗
• 寡陋
• 寡雙／寡双
• 寡青
• 寡頭／寡头 (guǎtóu)
• 寡頭政治かとうせいじ／寡头政治せいじ (guǎtóu zhèngzhì)
• 寡髮／寡发
• 寡鮮／寡鲜
• 寡鵠／寡鹄
• 寡鵠孤こ鸞／寡鹄孤こ鸾
• 寡鶴／寡鹤
• 寡黃／寡黄
• 寡默かもく
• 寡黨／寡党
• 小國おぐに寡民／小国おぐに寡民 (xiǎoguóguǎmín)
• 小しょう寡
• 少しょう私わたし寡慾／少しょう私わたし寡欲かよく
• 少しょう言げん寡語／少しょう言げん寡语 (shǎoyánguǎyǔ)
• 屁へ雌めす寡淡
• 居きょ寡
• 巴ともえ寡婦かふ清きよし／巴ともえ寡妇清きよし
• 希まれ寡
• 弱じゃく寡
• 形かたち孤影こえい寡
• 彼かれ眾我寡／彼かれ众我寡 (bǐzhòngwǒguǎ)
• 恤孤念ねん寡
• 恬淡てんたん寡欲かよく
• 惜孤念ねん寡
• 惸寡
• 惸獨鰥寡／惸独鳏寡
• 憐孤惜寡／怜れい孤こ惜寡
• 抑そもそも鬱うつ寡歡／抑そもそも郁いく寡欢
• 指ゆび寡
• 振ふ窮きゅう恤寡／振ふ穷恤寡
• 撫なで孤こ恤寡／抚孤恤寡
• 擔孤受寡／担孤受寡
• 敦あつし默だま寡言かげん
• 敵てき眾我寡／敌众我わが寡 (dízhòngwǒguǎ)
• 文ぶん君くん新しん寡
• 文ぶん君くん早はや寡
• 新しん寡
• 早さ寡
• 曲きょく高和こうわ寡 (qǔgāohèguǎ)
• 望もち門もん寡／望もち门寡
• 果はて寡糖
• 柔やわら懦寡斷だん／柔やわら懦寡断だん
• 柔やわら茹寡斷だん／柔やわら茹寡断だん
• 款學寡聞かぶん／款学寡闻
• 款啟寡聞かぶん／款启寡闻
• 沉厚寡言かげん
• 沈密寡言かげん
• 沉重寡言かげん
• 沈靜ちんせい寡言かげん
• 沉默寡言かげん (chénmòguǎyán)
• 沈默ちんもく寡言かげん (chénmòguǎyán)
• 活かつ守もり寡
• 活かつ寡
• 清心せいしん寡慾／清心せいしん寡欲かよく (qīngxīnguǎyù)
• 清きよし湯ゆ寡水／清きよし汤寡水すい (qīngtāngguǎshuǐ)
• 淺見あさみ寡聞かぶん／浅あさ见寡闻
• 淺見あさみ寡識／浅あさ见寡识
• 清貧せいひん寡欲かよく／清きよし贫寡欲ほし
• 清せい靜しず寡欲かよく／清せい静しず寡欲かよく
• 澹泊たんぱく寡欲かよく
• 犯はん寡
• 獨學どくがく寡聞かぶん／独学どくがく寡闻
• 生なま眾食寡／生なま众食寡
• 瘦寡
• 省しょう愆寡過か／省しょう愆寡过
• 眾寡／众寡
• 眾寡不敵ふてき／众寡不ふ敌
• 眾寡勢ぜい殊こと／众寡势殊
• 眾寡懸殊こと／众寡悬殊
• 眾寡懸絕けんぜつ／众寡悬绝
• 眾寡莫敵／众寡莫敌
• 眾寡難なん敵てき／众寡难敌
• 矜寡 (guānguǎ)
• 矜寡孤獨こどく／矜寡孤独こどく
• 碌碌ろくろく寡合
• 稀まれ湯ゆ寡水／稀まれ汤寡水すい
• 稱しょう孤こ道どう寡／称しょう孤こ道どう寡
• 窮きゅう寡／穷寡
• 簡寡／简寡
• 糧かて寡兵かへい微ほろ／粮寡兵へい微ほろ
• 索然さくぜん寡味 (suǒránguǎwèi)
• 罕言寡語／罕言寡语
• 老ろう寡
• 耍寡嘴くちばし
• 臉黃皮がわ寡／脸黄皮がわ寡
• 菲才ひさい寡學／菲才ひさい寡学
• 落寞寡歡／落寞寡欢
• 落落寡合
• 落落寡歡／落落寡欢
• 蚤のみ寡
• 衆寡しゅうか懸絶けんぜつ／众寡悬绝
• 裒多增ぞう寡
• 裒多益えき寡
• 說せつ寡嘴／说寡嘴くちばし
• 論ろん高だか寡合／论高寡合
• 諷多要よう寡／讽多要よう寡
• 財政ざいせい寡頭／财政寡头 (cáizhèng guǎtóu)
• 貧ひん寡／贫寡
• 足あし謀はかりごと寡斷／足あし谋寡断だん
• 輕けい言げん寡信／轻言寡信
• 輕けい諾だく寡信／轻诺寡信
• 道みち寡稱孤こ／道みち寡称孤こ
• 闖寡門もん／闯寡门
• 陵りょう弱じゃく暴寡
• 鬱うつ鬱うつ寡歡／郁郁いくいく寡欢 (yùyùguǎhuān)
• 鮮廉寡恥／鲜廉寡耻
• 鰥寡／鳏寡 (guānguǎ)
• 鰥寡孤こ惸／鳏寡孤こ惸
• 鰥寡孤獨こどく／鳏寡孤独こどく (guānguǎgūdú)
• 鰥寡惸獨／鳏寡惸独
• 鸞孤鳳おおとり寡／鸾孤凤寡
• 黃き皮がわ寡瘦／黄き皮がわ寡瘦
• 黑くろ寡婦かふ／黑くろ寡妇

 

Further reading

• “Entry #10471”, in 臺灣たいわん閩南語ご常用じょうよう詞し辭典じてん [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

寡

(common “Jōyō” kanji)}

1. few, scant
2. to decrease
3. lonely
4. widow, widower
5. lowly (humble; of low virtue)

Readings

• Go-on: け (ke)
• Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)
• Kun: やもめ (yamome, 寡); すくない (sukunai, 寡ない)

Compounds

• (widow, alone): 寡夫やもめ(かふ) (kafu), 寡婦かふ(かふ) (kafu), 鰥寡孤独こどく(かんかこどく) (kankakodoku)
• (few, minority): 寡占かせん(かせん) (kasen), 寡頭政治かとうせいじ(かとうせいじ) (katōseiji), 寡聞かぶん(かぶん) (kabun), 寡兵かへい(かへい) (kahei), 寡黙かもく(かもく) (kamoku), 衆寡しゅうか(しゅうか) (shūka)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
寡
か Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 寡 (MC kwaeX).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) か​ [káꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠]

Noun

寡(か) • (ka) 

1. minority

   寡(か)を以(も)って衆しゅう(しゅう)を制せい(せい)する

   ka o motte shū o seisuru

   Majority can be conquered by minority.

Antonyms

• 衆しゅう(しゅう) (shū, “majority”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
寡
やもめ Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 寡 – see the following entry.

【やもめ】 [noun] 寡, 寡婦かふ, 孀: widow Alternative spellings 寡婦かふ, 孀

(This term, 寡, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

寡 (eumhun 적을 과 (jeogeul gwa))

1. Hanja form^? of 과 (“widowed, alone”).

Vietnamese

Han character

寡: Hán Nôm readings: quả, góa/goá

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.