企くわだて

See also: 쇼

企くわだて

CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F01

㈽	U+323D, ㈽ PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH ENTERPRISE

← ㈼
[U+323C]

Enclosed CJK Letters and Months

㈾ →
[U+323E]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

企くわだて (Kangxi radical 9, 人ひと+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人ひと卜ぼく中ちゅう一いち (OYLM), four-corner 8010₁, composition ⿱𠆢止とめ)

Derived characters

㖉峜𰂝

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 95, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 422
Dae Jaweon: page 201, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 116, character 6
Unihan data for U+4F01

Chinese

simp. and trad.		企くわだて

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 企くわだて
Shang		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Oracle bone script j18796 j18797 j18798 j18799 j18800 j18801 Small seal script s05659 s05660 Transcribed ancient scripts L20156 L20157 L20158 L20159
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

人ひと (“person”) + 止とめ (“foot”) – a person standing on tiptoes.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qǐ, qì

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ, ㄑㄧˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kei⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): kei¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khî
Eastern Min (BUC): kié
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khì / khí / thì

(Teochew, Peng'im): gi⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵chi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cǐ
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi³
  - Yale: chǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chii
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qì
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cì
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi⁴
  - Yale: chì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kei⁵
  - Yale: kéih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kei⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: kéi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰei̯¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: kei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰei³³/

Note: kei1 - literary and "to stand".

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khî
  - Hakka Romanization System: ki^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ki¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kié
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiɛ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khì
  - Tâi-lô: khì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qix
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰi¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /kʰi²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khí
  - Tâi-lô: khí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qie
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰi⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thì
  - Tâi-lô: thì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tix
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰi²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gi⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵chi
  - MiniDict: chi^去さ
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²qi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰi³⁴/

Middle Chinese: khjeX, khjieH

Rime
Character	企くわだて	企くわだて
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲こえ)	溪けい (29)	溪けい (29)
Final (韻いん)	支ささえ (13)	支ささえ (11)
Tone (調しらべ)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open	Open
Division (等ひとし)	III	III
Fanqie	丘おか弭切きり	去さ智さとし切きり
Baxter	khjeX	khjieH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠiᴇ^X/	/kʰiᴇ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚiɛ^X/	/kʰiɛ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiɛ^X/	/kʰjɛ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰjiə̆^X/	/kʰiə̆^H/
Li Rong	/kʰje^X/	/kʰie^H/
Wang Li	/kʰǐe^X/	/kʰǐe^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰie̯^X/	/kʰie̯^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qǐ	qì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hei²	hei³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰeʔ/, /*kʰeʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰeʔ/, /*kʰes/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	企くわだて	企くわだて
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qǐ	qǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ khjie^X ›	‹ khjie^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kʰeʔ/	/*kʰeʔ-s/
English	stand on tiptoe	stand on tiptoe
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	企くわだて	企くわだて
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	10098	10099
Phonetic component	企くわだて	企くわだて
Rime group	支ささえ	支ささえ
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	跬	企くわだて
Old Chinese	/*kʰeʔ/	/*kʰes/

Definitions

企くわだて

^†(alternative form 跂) to stand on one's tiptoes
- 企くわだて者もの不ふ立だて，跨またが者もの不ふ行くだり。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: Tao Te Ching, 4^th century BCE
  Qǐ zhě bù lì, kuà zhě bù xíng. [Pinyin]
  One who tiptoes does not stand [firmly]; one who strides does not walk [far].
(Cantonese, Hakka) to stand
^⁜ to expect anxiously
企くわだて望もち ― qǐwàng ― to hope for
^⁜ to plan
企くわだて劃／企くわだて划 ― qǐhuà ― to plan; plan
(chiefly in compounds) Short for 企業きぎょう／企くわだて业 (qǐyè, “enterprise”).
國くに企くわだて／国くに企くわだて ― guóqǐ ― state-owned enterprise

私わたし企くわだて ― sīqǐ ― private enterprise

政せい企くわだて關係かんけい／政せい企くわだて关系 ― zhèng-qǐ guānxì ― relationship between the government and the enterprises
a surname
(Shanghainese) straight; steep
搿個山やま坡老ろう企くわだて個こ，直接ちょくせつ看み得とく到いた地ち垟搭，當とう心しん覅摜下した去さ。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
搿个山やま坡老ろう企くわだて个，直接ちょくせつ看み得とく到いた地ち垟搭，当とう心しん覅掼下した去さ。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
⁸geq-gheq ¹se-phu ⁶lau ⁵chi ⁰gheq ⁸zeq-ciq ⁵khoe-teq-tau ⁶di-yan-taq ¹taon-shin ⁶viau ⁶gue-gho-chi [Wugniu]
This slope is very steep, you can see the ground from here, be careful not to fall.

Synonyms

(to stand):

Dialectal synonyms of 站 (“to stand”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		立だて
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		站立
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	站
	Taiwan	站
	Harbin	站, 杵きね
	Malaysia	站
	Singapore	站
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	站
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	站
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	立だて
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	立だて
	Xi'an	站, 立だて
	Xining	站
	Yanqi	站
	Xuzhou	站
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	站
	Lanzhou	站
	Ürümqi	站, 立だて
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	站, 立だて
	Wuhan	站
	Guilin	站
	Liuzhou	站
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	站
	Yangzhou	站
	Hefei	站
Mandarin	Nanping (Yanping)	立だて
Cantonese	Guangzhou	徛
	Hong Kong	徛
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	徛
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	徛
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	徛
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	徛
	Macau	徛
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	徛
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	徛
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	徛
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	徛
	Foshan	徛
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	徛
	Foshan (Shunde)	徛
	Foshan (Sanshui)	徛
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	徛
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	徛
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	徛
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	徛
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	徛
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	徛
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	徛
	Taishan	徛
	Kaiping (Chikan)	徛
	Enping (Niujiang)	徛
	Heshan (Yayao)	徛
	Dongguan	徛
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	徛
	Qingyuan	徛
	Fogang	徛
	Yingde (Hanguang)	徛
	Yangshan	徛
	Lianshan (Butian)	徛
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	徛
	Shaoguan	徛
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	徛
	Renhua	徛
	Lechang	徛
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	徛
	Sihui	徛
	Guangning	徛
	Deqing	徛
	Huaiji	徛
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	徛
	Yunfu	徛
	Xinxing	徛
	Luoding	徛
	Yangjiang	徛
	Xinyi	徛
	Maoming (Xinpo)	徛
	Lianjiang	徛
	Wuchuan (Wuyang)	徛
	Nanning	徛
	Yulin	徛
	Beihai	徛
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	徛
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	徛
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	徛
	Danzhou	徛
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	徛
	Singapore (Guangfu)	徛
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	徛
	Móng Cái	徛
Gan	Nanchang	徛, 站
	Lichuan	徛
	Pingxiang	徛, 站
Hakka	Meixian	徛
	Xingning	徛
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	徛
	Huidong (Daling)	徛
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	徛
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	徛
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	徛
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	徛
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	徛
	Zijin	徛
	Wengyuan	徛
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	徛
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	徛
	Liannan	徛
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	徛
	Jiexi	徛
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	徛
	Changting	徛
	Wuping	徛
	Wuping (Yanqian)	徛
	Wuping (Pingyu)	徛
	Liancheng	徛
	Ninghua	徛
	Yudu	徛
	Ruijin	徛
	Shicheng	徛
	Shangyou (Shexi)	徛
	Tonggu (Sandu)	徛
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	徛
	Dayu	徛
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	徛
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	徛
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	徛
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	徛
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	徛
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	徛
	Hong Kong	徛
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	徛
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	徛
	Xinyi (Sihe)	徛
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	徛
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	徛
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	徛
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	徛
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	徛
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	徛
	Mengshan (Xihe)	徛
	Luchuan	徛
	Senai (Huiyang)	徛
Jin	Taiyuan	站
Jin	Xinzhou	站
Northern Min	Jian'ou	徛
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	徛
	Fuzhou (Changle)	徛
	Fuqing	徛
	Yongtai	徛
	Gutian	徛
	Fu'an	徛
	Ningde	徛
	Shouning	徛
	Zhouning	徛
	Fuding	徛
Southern Min	Xiamen	徛
	Quanzhou	徛
	Yongchun	徛
	Dehua	徛
	Zhangzhou	徛
	Taipei	徛
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	徛
	Kaohsiung	徛
	Yilan	徛
	Changhua (Lukang)	徛
	Taichung	徛
	Tainan	徛
	Hsinchu	徛
	Kinmen	徛
	Penghu (Magong)	徛
	Penang (Hokkien)	徛
	Singapore (Hokkien)	徛
	Manila (Hokkien)	徛
	Guilin (Biyange)	站
	Chaozhou	徛
	Shantou	徛
	Shantou (Chenghai)	徛
	Jieyang	徛
	Haifeng	徛
	Bangkok (Teochew)	徛
	Phnom Penh (Teochew)	徛
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	徛
	Singapore (Teochew)	徛
	Pontianak (Teochew)	徛
	Leizhou	徛
	Wenchang	徛
	Haikou	徛
	Singapore (Hainanese)	徛
Puxian Min	Putian	徛
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	徛
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	徛
Wu	Shanghai	立だて
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	立だて
	Shanghai (Jiading)	立だて
	Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan)	立だて
	Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan)	立だて
	Shanghai (Chongming)	徛
	Suzhou	立だて
	Suzhou (Wujiang)	立だて
	Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang)	立だて
	Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)	立だて
	Wuxi	立だて
	Changshu	立だて
	Kunshan	立だて
	Taicang	立だて
	Jiaxing	立だて
	Jiashan	立だて
	Pinghu	立だて
	Haining (Yanguan)	立だて
	Haining (Xiashi)	立だて
	Tongxiang	立だて
	Haiyan	立だて
	Changzhou	徛
	Liyang	徛
	Changzhou (Jintan)	徛
	Yixing	徛
	Danyang	站, 立だて
	Huzhou	立だて
	Changxing	徛
	Anji	徛
	Deqing	立だて
	Hangzhou	立だて
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	徛
	Hangzhou (Lin'an)	徛
	Hangzhou (Fuyang)	徛
	Hangzhou (Xiaoshan)	徛
	Tonglu	徛
	Tonglu (Wusheng)	徛
	Shaoxing	徛, 立だて
	Zhuji	徛
	Shengzhou	徛
	Xinchang	徛
	Ningbo	立だて
	Ningbo (Zhenhai)	隑
	Ningbo (Fenghua)	立だて
	Yuyao	隑
	Cixi	隑
	Xiangshan	徛
	Ninghai	徛
	Zhoushan	立だて
	Taizhou (Huangyan)	徛
	Tiantai	徛
	Xianju	徛
	Linhai	徛
	Wenling	徛
	Wenzhou	徛
	Yueqing	徛
	Yongjia (Fenglin)	徛
	Rui'an	徛
	Wencheng	徛
	Lishui	徛
	Qingtian	徛
	Jinyun	徛
	Wuyi (Liucheng)	徛
	Yunhe	徛
Jingning	徛
Longquan	徛
Quzhou	徛
Suichang	徛
Jiangshan	徛
Changshan	徛
Kaihua	徛
Longyou	徛
Jinhua	徛
Jinhua (Tangxi)	徛
Yiwu	徛
Yongkang	徛
Pujiang	徛
Dongyang	徛
Pan'an	徛
Wuyi	徛
Lanxi	徛
Shangrao	徛
Shangrao (Guangfeng)	徛
Yushan	徛
Pucheng	徛
Xiang	Changsha	站, 徛
	Loudi	徛
	Shuangfeng	徛
Note	徛 - often written as 企くわだて in Cantonese.

Dialectal synonyms of 陡 (“steep”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		陡峭
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	陡
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	陡
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	陡
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	陡
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	陡
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	陡
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	陡
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	陡
Cantonese	Guangzhou	笡, 徛
	Hong Kong	笡
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	笡
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	笡
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	笡
	Yangjiang	笡
Gan	Nanchang	陡
Hakka	Meixian	崎さき₂
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	崎さき₂
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	崎さき₂, 笡
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	崎さき₂
	Wuhua (Changbu)	崎さき₂
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	崎さき₂
	Wengyuan	崎さき₂
	Jiexi	崎さき₂, 竳
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	竳
	Changting	陡, 崎さき₂
	Wuping (Yanqian)	崎さき₂
	Ninghua	崎さき₂
	Tonggu (Sandu)	陡
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	崎さき₂
	Dayu	崎さき₂, 陡
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	崎さき₂
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	崎さき₂
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	崎さき₂
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	崎さき₂
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	崎さき₂
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	崎さき₂
	Hong Kong	崎さき₂
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	笡
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	笡
	Xinyi (Sihe)	笡
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	笡
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	笡
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	斜はす
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	崎さき₂
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	崎さき₂
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	壁かべ
	Mengshan (Xihe)	陡
	Luchuan	斜はす
Jin	Taiyuan	陡
Northern Min	Jian'ou	崎さき₃, 趖
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	崎さき₃
	Fuzhou (Changle)	崎さき₃
	Fuqing	崎さき₃
	Yongtai	崎さき₃
	Gutian	崎さき₃
	Fu'an	崎さき₃
	Ningde	崎さき₃
	Shouning	崎さき₃
	Zhouning	崎さき₃
	Fuding	崎さき₃
Southern Min	Xiamen	崎さき₃, 趨
	Quanzhou	崎さき₃
	Zhangzhou	崎さき₃, 趨
	Taipei	崎さき₃, 趨
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	崎さき₃, 趨
	Kaohsiung	崎さき₃, 趨
	Yilan	崎さき₃, 趨
	Changhua (Lukang)	崎さき₃, 趨
	Taichung	崎さき₃
	Tainan	崎さき₃, 趨
	Hsinchu	崎さき₃
	Kinmen	崎さき₃
	Penghu (Magong)	崎さき₃
	Chaozhou	崎さき₃
	Jieyang	崎さき₃
Wu	Shanghai	企くわだて
	Suzhou	棧
	Wenzhou	峻たかし
Xiang	Changsha	陡
Xiang	Shuangfeng	陡

Compounds

Etymology 2

See 屋や企くわだて.

Pronunciation

Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kei²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): kei²

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kei²
  - Yale: kéi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kei²
  - Guangdong Romanization: kéi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰei̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: kei²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰei⁵⁵/

Definitions

企くわだて (Cantonese)

Used in 屋や企くわだて (“home”).
到いた企くわだて [Taishanese] ― au¹ kei² [Wiktionary] ― at home

冇企くわだて [Taishanese] ― mau¹ kei² [Wiktionary] ― not at home

Compounds

返かえし企くわだて

References

“企くわだて”, in 漢語かんご多功たこう能のう字じ庫こ (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港ほんこん中ちゅう文ぶん大學だいがく (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

企くわだて

(Jōyō kanji)

plan, undertake, design

Readings

Go-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
Kun: くわだてる (kuwadateru, 企くわだてる, Jōyō)^{←くはだてる (kufadateru, 企くわだてる, historical)}、たくらむ (takuramu, 企たくらむ)

Compounds

企くわだて(き)画が(かく) (kikaku)
企くわだて(き)業ごう(ぎょう) (kigyō)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 企くわだて (MC khjeX|khjieH).

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

企くわだて

Wikisource

企くわだて (eumhun 꾀할 기 (kkoehal gi))

hanja form^? of 기 (“plan”)

Compounds

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

企くわだて: Hán Nôm readings: xí

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