(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
龍 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: and りゅう
りゅう U+9F8D, 龍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F8D

[U+9F8C]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9F8E]
U+2FD3, ⿓
KANGXI RADICAL DRAGON

[U+2FD2]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2FD4]
U+F9C4, 龍
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C4

[U+F9C3]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F9C5]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 
Traditional りゅう
Shinjitai りゅう
Simplified

Han character

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りゅう (Kangxi radical 212, りゅう+0, 16 strokes, cangjie input ぼくがつぼくしかばねこころ (YBYSP), four-corner 01211, composition 𦚏⿱⿺𠃑いち)

  1. Kangxi radical #212, .
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №427

Derived characters

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Further reading

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Chinese Wikisource has digitized text of the Kangxi Dictionary entry for りゅう:
[[wikisource:zh:かん字典じてん/りゅう/りゅう#りゅう|りゅう/りゅう]]

Wikisource


  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1536, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48818
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2076, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4803, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9F8D

Bailang

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Etymology

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Coblin, reconstructing the Bailang pronunciation as *gljung, suggests that it derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (river, gorge) and retains its consonant cluster, which was lost in Proto-Lolo-Burmese. Compare Tibetan ལྗོངས (ljongs), Chinese たに (OC *kloːɡ).

Noun

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りゅう (*gljung)

  1. gorge

References

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  • W. South Coblin, "A New Study of the Pai-lang Songs" (1979), Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies, 12:179–216
  • Christopher I. Beckwith, "The Pai-lang songs: The earliest texts in a Tibeto-Burman language and their Late Old Chinese transcriptions" (2008), in Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages III

Chinese

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trad. りゅう
simp.
alternative forms
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Pictogram (象形しょうけい) – originally a serpent with prominent whiskered mouth and eyes.

Current form developed in large seal script, with serpent’s body on right (tail at upper right, legs on right), whiskered/fanged mouth at lower left, and eyes/crown at upper left. Left side was subsequently simplified and abstracted, with some influence of だて and /つき. Note that りゅう existed as a traditional variant dating back to large seal script, and figures a dragon seen face-on, rather than curled around.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-bru(ŋ/k) (dragon; thunder). Cognate with Tibetan འབྲུག ('brug, dragon; thunder). The STEDT database also lists たかし (OC *ɡ·ruːŋ, “thunder; sound of thunder”) and (OC *bruːɡ, “hail”) as cognates. Also compare (OC *brɯŋs, “sound of thunder”) and 霹靂へきれき (OC *pʰeːɡ reːɡ, “thunder”).

This word is found in many languages of the region. Compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *-roŋ (dragon) (White Hmong zaj), Proto-Vietic *-roːŋ (dragon) (Vietnamese rồng), Vietnamese thuồng luồng (serpent-like monster), Khmer រោង (roong, year of the dragon), Thai มะโรง (má-roong, dragon; year of the dragon), Lao ມະໂລງ (ma lōng, year of the dragon), perhaps also Old Turkic [script needed] (*-lan, suffix denoting a wild, predatory animal) (Turkish aslan (lion), kaplan (tiger), yılan (snake)).

Pronunciation

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Note: lung4-2 - "goal" and in がらすりゅう (wu1 lung4-2).
Note:
Note:
  • lêng - vernacular;
  • gêng/liâng/ngúi - vernacular (only used in 龍眼りゅうがん);
  • liông - literary.
Note:
  • liang5 - vernacular;
  • long5 - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location りゅう
Mandarin Beijing /luŋ³⁵/
Harbin /luŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /luŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /luŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /ləŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /luŋ⁴²/
/lyuŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /luŋ²⁴/
Xining /luə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /luŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /lũn⁵³/
Ürümqi /luŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /noŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /noŋ³¹/
Guiyang /noŋ²¹/
Kunming /loŋ³¹/
Nanjing /loŋ²⁴/
Hefei /ləŋ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /luəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /luŋ¹³/
Hohhot /lũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /loŋ²³/
Suzhou /loŋ¹³/
Hangzhou /loŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /liɛ³¹/
Hui Shexian /lʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /lin⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /loŋ¹³/
Xiangtan /nən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /luŋ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /liuŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /lioŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /loŋ²¹/
Nanning /luŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /luŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /liɔŋ³⁵/
/liŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /lyŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /lœyŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /loŋ⁵⁵/
/leŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /loŋ³¹/
/liaŋ³¹/

Rime
Character りゅう
Reading # 1/1
Initial (こえ) (37)
Final (いん) (7)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (ひらきあい) Open
Division (ひとし) III
Fanqie ちからきり
Baxter ljowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lɨoŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/lioŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/lioŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/luawŋ/
Li
Rong
/lioŋ/
Wang
Li
/lĭwoŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/li̯woŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
lóng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
lung4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character りゅう
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
lóng
Middle
Chinese
‹ ljowng ›
Old
Chinese
/*[mə]-roŋ/
English dragon

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character りゅう
Reading # 1/2
No. 8436
Phonetic
component
りゅう
Rime
group
ひがし
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
りゅう
Old
Chinese
/*b·roŋ/

Definitions

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りゅう

  1. (mythology) Chinese dragon (Classifier: じょうじょう m c h;  mn)
  2. (mythology) Western dragon
  3. (figurative) emperor; sovereign; king; of the emperor
    りゅう  ―  lóng  ―  imperial chair
  4. (figurative) chief; hero; towering figure
  5. (by extension) dragon-shaped object; long object
  6. (by extension) dragon-adorned object
  7. (zoology, paleontology) extinct reptilian creature; -saur
    こわりゅうこわ  ―  kǒnglóng  ―  dinosaur
    つばさしゅりゅうつばさしゅ  ―  yìshǒulóng  ―  pterodactyl
  8. (Eastern Min) to become clear-minded; to be revitalised
  9. (Cantonese, soccer and other sports) goal (Classifier: c)
  10. (Cantonese, soccer and other sports) goalkeeper (Classifier: c)
  11. (figurative) queue; line (Classifier: じょうじょう c)
    はいちょうりゅうはい [Cantonese]  ―  paai4 coeng4 lung4 [Jyutping]  ―  to form a long queue
  12. (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) money
  13. (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) snake meat
  14. (Shanghainese, slang) a hundred of a currency designation
    Synonym: かご
  15. a surname
    りゅうくもうん  ―  Lóng Yún  ―  Long Yun (Yunnan warlord)

Synonyms

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Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (りゅう):
  • Japanese: りゅう(りゅう) (ryū)
  • Korean: >(りゅう) (ryong>yong)
  • Vietnamese: long (りゅう)

Others:

See also

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

りゅう

Kyūjitai

りゅう

Kanji

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りゅう

(Jinmeiyō kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form りゅう)

Readings

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Compounds

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Usage notes

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
りゅう
りゅう
Jinmeiyō
goon
Alternative spelling
りゅう

From Middle Chinese りゅう (MC ljowng).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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りゅう(りゅう) (ryū

  1. Kyūjitai form of りゅう: a Chinese dragon
  2. Kyūjitai form of りゅう: Synonym of ドラゴン (doragon): a Western dragon
  3. Kyūjitai form of りゅう: (shogi, colloquial) Short for 龍王りゅうおう (ryūō): dragon king; promoted rook
  4. a 家紋かもん (kamon, family crest) with a Chinese dragon design
Derived terms
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Affix

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りゅう(りゅう) (ryū

  1. Kyūjitai form of りゅう: dragon
  2. Kyūjitai form of りゅう: hero
  3. Kyūjitai form of りゅう: imperial
  4. Kyūjitai form of りゅう: dinosaur
Derived terms
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Proper noun

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りゅう(りゅう) (Ryū

  1. (astronomy) Short for りゅう (Ryūza): the constellation Draco
  2. a male given name
  3. a surname

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
りゅう
りょう
Jinmeiyō
kan'on
Alternative spelling
りゅう

From Middle Chinese りゅう (MC ljowng).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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りゅう(りょう) (ryō

  1. Kyūjitai form of りゅう: (rare or in Chinese contexts) a Chinese dragon

Affix

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りゅう(りょう) (ryō

  1. Kyūjitai form of りゅう: dragon
  2. Kyūjitai form of りゅう: hero
  3. Kyūjitai form of りゅう: imperial
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
りゅう
たつ
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
りゅう

⟨tatu⟩/tat͡su/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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りゅう(たつ) (tatsu

  1. Kyūjitai form of りゅう: (mythology) a Japanese dragon
    • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 19:
      りゅう 文字もじしゅうりゃくうん:「りゅうちから鍾反。和名わみょうたい)四足五采甚有神靈者也。」白虎びゃっこどおりうん:「うろこちゅうさんひゃくろくじゅう六而龍爲之長也。」
      Dragon The Abbreviated Character Collection says: [Dragon (Fanqie ryū. Japanese name: tatsu) having in excess of four limbs and five hues, it is a divine being] The Bai Hu Excerpts say: [With 366 scaled creatures, a dragon's advantage is length]
Derived terms
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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese りゅう (MC ljowng). Recorded as Middle Korean 료ᇰ (lyong) (Yale: lyong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙くんもうかい / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

りゅう (eumhun 미르 (mireu ryong), word-initial (South Korea) 미르 (mireu yong))

  1. hanja form? of / (dragon)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさけい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅうけいきた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子でんし字典じてん. [2]

Old Japanese

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Etymology

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Possibly from the verb (tatu, to rise, stand).

Noun

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りゅう (tatu) (kana たつ)

  1. a Japanese dragon

Usage notes

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Also used once phonetically as a くん (shakkun) for ⟨tatu⟩.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Vietnamese

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Alternative forms

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Han character

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りゅう: Hán Việt readings: long (()よう(dung)きり(thiết))[2][3][4][1][5]
りゅう: Nôm readings: long[2][3][1][6], lung[2][3][7], lỏng[7][5][6], lúng[7][1], luông[3], luồng[7]

  1. Chữ Hán form of long (dragon).
  2. Chữ Hán form of Long (a male given name).

Compounds

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References

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