柿
|
Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 521, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14681
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1188, character 2
- Unihan data for U+67FF
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
||
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 柹 枾 𣐈 |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Fuyu_persimmon_fruits%2C_one_cut_open.jpg/220px-Fuyu_persimmon_fruits%2C_one_cut_open.jpg)
Glyph origin
[edit]Originally written as 柹: Phono-semantic compound (
The current form is phono-semantic compound (
Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si4
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ci5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): si3
- Northern Min (KCR): kī
- Eastern Min (BUC): kê
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zy
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr5 / shr4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
- Wade–Giles: shih4
- Yale: shr̀
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
- Palladius: ши (ši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: si4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: s
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ci5 / ci5-2
- Yale: chíh / chí
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsi5 / tsi5-2
- Guangdong Romanization: qi5 / qi5-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiː¹³/, /t͡sʰiː¹³⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: si4
- Sinological IPA (key): /si²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ci5
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ
- Hakka Romanization System: cii
- Hagfa Pinyim: ci4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: si3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kī
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰi⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kê
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɛi²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khī
- Tâi-lô: khī
- Phofsit Daibuun: qi
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰi³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰi²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khǐ
- Tâi-lô: khǐ
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sī
- Tâi-lô: sī
- Phofsit Daibuun: si
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /si²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǐ
- Tâi-lô: sǐ
- IPA (Quanzhou): /si²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- khī/khǐ - vernacular;
- sī/sǐ - literary.
- shr5 - vernacular;
- shr4 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: dzriX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]rijʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*zrɯʔ/
Definitions
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]丁 香 柿 山 紅 柿 /山 红柿新 紅 柿 子 /新 红柿子 朱 柿 松 柿 柿 仔 柿 仔 花 柿 子 (shìzi)柿 子 椒 (shìzijiāo)柿 子 金 柿 子 餅 /柿 子 饼 (shìzibǐng)柿 漆 柿 盤 /柿 盘柿 粿柿 糕柿 膏 兒 /柿 膏 儿柿 花 (shìhuā)柿 蒂 (shìdì)柿 葉 /柿 叶 柿 蔕 /柿 蒂柿 鋪 /柿 铺 (Shìpù)柿 霜 (shìshuāng)柿餅 /柿 饼 (shìbǐng)- 椑柿 (bēishì)
油 柿 洋 柿 流 柿 洋 柿 子 (yángshìzi)洋紅 柿 /洋 红柿浸 柿 火 柿 子 (huǒshìzi)火 盆 柿 - 烘柿
烏 柿 /乌柿燈 柿 /灯 柿 牛 奶柿番 仔 柿 番 柿 番 柿 仔 紅 柿 /红柿紅 柿 仔 /红柿仔 紅 柿 囝/红柿囝脆 柿 - 腍柿
臭 柿 仔 蓋 柿 /盖柿西番 柿 (xīfānshì)西番 柿 子 西 紅 柿 /西 红柿 (xīhóngshì)西 紅 柿 子 /西 红柿子 - 醂柿
霜 柿
Descendants
[edit]- → Proto-Mien: *djəiᴮ
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]- Not to be confused with 杮 (kokera, “wood chips”). Note that this kanji
柿 (kaki) uses the character市 (shì) as the right-hand portion, which consists of five strokes with two separate strokes for the central vertical. Meanwhile, 杮 (kokera) uses the character 巿 (fú) as the right-hand portion, which consists of four strokes with a single stroke for the central vertical.
Etymology
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Kaki2.jpg/250px-Kaki2.jpg)
Kanji in this term |
---|
かき Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. First cited to a text from 770 CE.[1]
Further derivation uncertain. Possibilities include:
- /kakayaki/ → */kakyaki/ → */kakaki/ → */kakki/ → /kaki/
- /kataki/ → /kaki/
- /akaki/ → /kaki/
While at least one reference considers the akaki derivation more likely,[2] this kind of phonological shift, wherein the first vowel disappears, is not a common pattern in attested Japanese. That said, the kakayaki and kataki derivations are also problematic, considering the lack of any evidence for intermediary forms.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- [from 770] a persimmon, especially the Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki)
- [from 1170] Short for
柿色 (kakiiro). a yellowish-red color, like the fruit of the Japanese persimmon - [from 1819] a
布子 (nunoko, “cotton-paded clothing”) dyed in kakiiro- Synonym:
柿 衣 (kakiso)
- Synonym:
Usage notes
[edit]- As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カキ.
Derived terms
[edit]柿 色 (kakīro)柿 団 扇 (kaki uchiwa)柿 衣 (kakigoromo)柿 衣 ,柿 麻 (kakiso)柿 染 ,柿 染 め (kakizome)柿 糕,柿 餻 (kakizuki)柿 膾 (kaki-namasu)柿 羊羹 (kaki yōkan)甘 柿 (amagaki)淡 し柿 , 醂し柿 (awashigaki),淡 せ柿 , 醂せ柿 ,合 せ柿 ,合 わせ柿 (awasegaki)合 柿 (Awasegaki),柿 売 (Kakiuri)枝 柿 (edagaki)御所 柿 ,五 所 柿 (gosho-gaki),大和 柿 (Yamato-gaki)信濃 柿 (Shina-no-gaki),猿 柿 (sarugaki), 葡萄柿 (budō-gaki)白 柿 (shirogaki)吊 るし柿 (tsurushigaki),釣 柿 ,釣 り柿 (tsurigaki)似 柿 (nitarigaki)燻 柿 ,燻 べ柿 (fusubegaki)筆 柿 (fudekaki)干 し柿 ,干柿 ,乾 し柿 (hoshigaki)
Descendants
[edit]- → Arabic: كاكي (kaki, “persimmon”)
- → Catalan: caqui
- → English: kaki (“persimmon”)
- → German: Kaki
- → Indonesian: kaki (“persimmon”)
- → Italian: cachi (“persimmon”)
- → Portuguese: caqui (“persimmon”)
See also
[edit]柿 の木 (kaki no ki, “Japanese persimmon tree”)
Proper noun
[edit]- a surname
References
[edit]- ^ “
柿 ”, in日本 国語 大 辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000 - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 “カキ/
柿 /かき”, in語源 由来 辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2003–2024. - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 “カキ・
柿 ”, in日本 辞典 (Nihon Jiten, “Japan Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2007–2017. - ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),
大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN - ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997),
新 明解 国語 辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN - ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK
日本語 発音 アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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