曰

See also: 日ひ, 臼うす, and 白しろ

曰 U+66F0, 曰 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66F0 ← 曯 [U+66EF] CJK Unified Ideographs 曱 → [U+66F1]

⽈ U+2F48, ⽈ KANGXI RADICAL SAY ← ⽇ [U+2F47] Kangxi Radicals ⽉ → [U+2F49]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

曰 (Kangxi radical 73, 曰+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 日ひ (A) or 難むずかし日ひ (XA), four-corner 6010₀, composition ⿴囗一いち)

1. Kangxi radical #73, ⽈.

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/曰
• 抇, 汩, 㫗, 𡿯, 𣅕, 𣌰, 𧴴, 𬵅, 昌あきら, 㫚, 𣆩, 㑹, 暜, 魯, 䖜, 曆こよみ

Usage notes

• Not to be confused with 日ひ, which is generally slimmer and taller, and has a middle stroke that often extends to both sides in non-regular script fonts. In some handwritten forms, the horizontal and vertical stroke at the upper left corner are not connected because of the glyph origin.

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 502, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14278
• Dae Jaweon: page 872, character 30
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1482, character 2
• Unihan data for U+66F0

Chinese

trad.		曰
simp. #		曰
alternative forms		𡆦 粵／粤 syllable filler

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 曰
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)	Libian (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts	Clerical script

Characters in the same phonetic series (曰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
曰	*ɢʷad
汩	*kʷɯːd, *ɡʷɯd

Ideogram (指事しじ) : a mouth (口くち) with word or breath (一いち) coming out. Compare 今いま, 令れい, and 言げん, where a small stroke is also used to represent words.

Etymology

Cognate with 話はなし (OC *ɡroːds) according to Sagart (1999); if so, it is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwas (“to speak; word”), whence Tibetan གྲོས་སྡུར་བྱེད་པ (gros sdur byed pa, “to consult; to discuss”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yuē (yue¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄝ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yue¹

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyut⁶ / joek⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yet / yat
• Northern Min (KCR): uā
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): oa̍t
• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁸yoq; ⁸yuq / ⁸yuaeq
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ye⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yuē
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄝ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yue
    • Wade–Giles: yüeh¹
    • Yale: ywē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iue
    • Palladius: юэ (jue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛ⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: yue¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ye
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ye⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jyut⁶ / joek⁶
    • Yale: yuht / yeuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jyt⁹ / joek⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yud⁶ / yêg⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːt̚²/, /jœːk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yet
    • Hakka Romanization System: ied^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yad⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯et̚²/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yat
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iad^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yad⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯at̚²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uā
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ua⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oa̍t
    • Tâi-lô: ua̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: oat
    • IPA (Xiamen): /uat̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /uat̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /uat̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /uat̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /uat̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁸yoq; ⁸yuq
    • MiniDict: yoh^入いれ; yuih^入いれ
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵hhioq; ⁵hhyq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦioʔ¹²/, /ɦyɪʔ¹²/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁸yuaeq
    • MiniDict: yuaeh^入いれ
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦyaʔ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: ye⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y̯e̞²⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: hjwot

Rime
Character	曰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	云うん (35)
Final (韻いん)	月つき (68)
Tone (調しらべ)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Closed
Division (等ひとし)	III
Fanqie	王おう伐き切きり
Baxter	hjwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʉɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuat̚/
Li Rong	/ɣiuɐt̚/
Wang Li	/ɣĭwɐt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyut6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷat/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷad/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	曰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuē
Middle Chinese	‹ hjwot ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷat/
English	say
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	曰
Reading #	1/1
No.	16312
Phonetic component	曰
Rime group	月つき
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	越こし
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷad/

Definitions

曰

1. (literary or Shuangfeng Xiang) to say; to speak

   • 子こ曰：「溫ぬる故こ而知ち新しん，可か以為ため師し矣。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子こ曰：「温ぬる故こ而知ち新しん，可か以为师矣。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐ yuē: “Wēn gù ér zhī xīn, kěyǐ wèi shī yǐ.” [Pinyin]

     The Master said, "If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others."

   • 翁おう笑わらい曰：「平ひらた昔むかし不ふ相そう往還かえ，何なに由ゆかり遺のこ魂たましい吾われ家いえ？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     翁おう笑わらい曰：「平ひらた昔むかし不ふ相そう往还，何なに由ゆかり遗魂たましい吾われ家いえ？」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 聊齋志こころざし異こと, 第だい2卷かん

     Wēng xiào yuē: “Píng xī bù xiàng wǎng hái, hé yóu yí hún wú jiā?” [Pinyin]

     The old man laughed and said, "In normal days we don't have much of a relation, why would you want to call back the dead's soul in my house?"

2. (literary) to be called (the name of)

   • 帝みかど高こう陽よう之これ苗裔びょうえい兮，朕ちん皇考こうこう曰伯はく庸いさお。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     帝みかど高こう阳之これ苗裔びょうえい兮，朕ちん皇考こうこう曰伯はく庸いさお。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE

     Dì Gāoyáng zhī miáoyì xī, zhèn huángkǎo yuē Bóyōng. [Pinyin]

     Springing forth from the seeds of King Gaoyang
     My glorious late Father was styled Boyong.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 說せつ (“to say, to speak”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		言げん, 云うん, 曰, 道みち
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		說せつ, 道みち literary
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	說せつ
	Taiwan	說せつ, 講こう
	Malaysia	說せつ, 講こう
	Singapore	說せつ, 講こう
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	說せつ
	Jinan	說せつ
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Qingdao	說せつ, 講こう
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	說せつ
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	說せつ
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	說せつ
	Wuhan	說せつ
	Guilin	講こう
	Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)	講こう
	Pematangsiantar	講こう
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	講こう
Cantonese	Guangzhou	講こう, 話はなし
	Hong Kong	講こう, 話はなし
	Macau	講こう, 話はなし
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	講こう, 話はなし
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	講こう
	Taishan	話はなし
	Taishan (Guanghai)	講こう
	Yunfu	話はなし
	Yangjiang	講こう, 話はなし
	Beihai	講こう
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	講こう
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	講こう
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	講こう
	Danzhou	講こう
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	講こう, 話はなし
	Penang (Guangfu)	講こう, 話はなし
	Singapore (Guangfu)	講こう, 話はなし
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	講こう
	Móng Cái	講こう
	Mandalay (Taishan)	講こう
Gan	Nanchang	話はなし
Hakka	Meixian	講こう, 話はなし
	Wuhua (Meilin)	講こう
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	講こう
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	講こう
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	講こう
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	講こう
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	講こう
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	講こう
	Hong Kong	講こう
	Kuching (Hepo)	講こう
	Singapore (Dabu)	講こう
Huizhou	Jixi	講こう
Jin	Taiyuan	說せつ
Northern Min	Jian'ou	話はなし
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	講こう
	Fuqing	講こう
	Singapore (Fuqing)	講こう
Southern Min	Xiamen	講こう
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	講こう
	Quanzhou	說せつ
	Jinjiang	說せつ
	Shishi	說せつ, 講こう
	Zhangzhou	講こう
	Zhao'an	呾, 講こう
	Dongshan	講こう
	Taipei	講こう
	Kaohsiung	講こう
	Tainan	講こう
	Penang (Hokkien)	講こう
	Singapore (Hokkien)	講こう
	Manila (Hokkien)	說せつ, 講こう
	Chaozhou	呾
	Raoping	呾
	Shantou	呾
	Shantou (Chenghai)	呾
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	呾
	Jieyang	呾
	Lufeng	講こう
	Haifeng	講こう
	Bangkok (Teochew)	呾
	Phnom Penh (Teochew)	呾
	Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew)	呾
	Singapore (Teochew)	呾
	Pontianak (Teochew)	呾
	Leizhou	講こう
	Wenchang	講こう
	Haikou	講こう
	Qionghai	講こう
	Singapore (Hainanese)	講こう
Puxian Min	Putian	講こう
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	講こう
Southern Pinghua	Binyang	講こう, 說せつ
Wu	Shanghai	講こう
	Shanghai (Chongming)	話はなし
	Suzhou	講こう, 說せつ
	Hangzhou	說せつ, 話はなし, 講こう
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	講こう, 話はなし
	Ningbo	講こう, 話はなし
	Wenzhou	講こう
Xiang	Changsha	講こう
	Xiangtan	講こう
	Xiangxiang	講こう
	Xiangxiang (Meiqiao)	講こう
	Shuangfeng	曰, 講こう

Compounds

• 吊つるし子こ曰兒／吊つるし子こ曰儿
• 子こ曰 (zǐyuē)
• 子こ曰行
• 子こ曰詩云うん (zǐyuēshīyún)
• 念ねん子こ曰
• 或ある曰 (huòyuē)
• 詩し云うん子こ曰
• 調子ちょうし曰兒／调子曰儿

 

References

• “曰”, in 漢語かんご多功たこう能のう字じ庫こ (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港ほんこん中ちゅう文ぶん大學だいがく (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

曰

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. say

Readings

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

• Go-on: おち (ochi)^{←をち (woti, historical)}
• Kan-on: えつ (etsu)^{←ゑつ (wetu, historical)}
• Kun: いう (iu, 曰のたまう)^{←いふ (ifu, 曰ふ, historical)}、いわく (iwaku, 曰いわく)^{←いはく (ifaku, 曰いわく, historical)}、のたばく (notabaku, 曰ばく)、のたまう (notamau, 曰のたまう)^{←のたまふ (notamafu, 曰ふ, historical)}、のたもう (notamou, 曰のたまう)^{←のたまふ (notamafu, 曰ふ, historical)}、のたまわく (notamawaku, 曰いわく)^{←のたまはく (notamafaku, 曰いわく, historical)}、のたまわす (notamawasu, 曰のたまわす)^{←のたまはす (notamafasu, 曰はす, historical)}、のとうぶ (notōbu, 曰ぶ)^{←のたうぶ (notaubu, 曰ぶ, historical)}

Usage notes

Named as 平日へいじつ (hirabi, literally “wide hi”) to distinguish from the 日ひ (hi, “sun, day”) kanji.

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 曰 (MC hjwot).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᅌᅯᇙ〮 (Yale: ngwélq)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576	ᄀᆞᆯ (Yale: kol)	왈 (Yale: wal)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [wa̠ɭ]
• Phonetic hangul: [왈]

Hanja

曰 (eumhun 가로 왈 (garo wal))

1. hanja form^? of 왈 (“...said (denoting the creator of a quote)”) [adverb]

Compounds

Compounds

• 자왈 (子こ曰, jawal)
• 혹왈 (或ある曰, hogwal)
• 왈가왈부 (曰可曰否, walgawalbu)

Vietnamese

Han character

曰: Hán Việt readings: viết (王おう(vương)伐き(phạt)切きり(thiết))
曰: Nôm readings: viết, vít, vết, vịt, vệt, vắt, vất

1. Nôm form of viết (“to write”).
2. Nôm form of vít (“wound; scar”).