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木 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: , , and
U+6728, 木
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6728
おぼろ
[U+6727]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6729]
U+2F4A, ⽊
KANGXI RADICAL TREE

[U+2F49]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F4B]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Alternative forms

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  • In Hong Kong and Taiwan, when is at the bottom of a character, it is written as without a hook instead of itself.

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 75, +0, 4 strokes, cangjie input (D), four-corner 40900, composition じゅう𠆢)

  1. Kangxi radical #75, .

Derived characters

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Descendants

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  • Japanese: 𛀧 (Hentaigana)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 509, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14415
  • Dae Jaweon: page 888, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1149, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6728

Chinese

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simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         

Pictogram (象形しょうけい) – a tree: branches on top, roots on the bottom (more visible in earlier forms).

Unrelated to , in which it represents a plough, and ちゃ, in which it represents the door of a hut. Also unrelated to べい since it is the pictogram of six rice kernels.

Etymology

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No known cognate exists. It can perhaps be compared with Proto-Karen *məŋᴮ (trunk (of a tree); firewood) (Starostin) or Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔmuk (stump (of a tree)) (Schuessler, 2007).

The common Sino-Tibetan root for “tree; wood” is *siŋ ~ sik, represented by たきぎ (OC *siŋ, “firewood”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ba̍k - vernacular;
  • bo̍k - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /mu⁵¹/
Harbin /mu⁵³/
Tianjin /mu⁵³/
Jinan /mu²¹/
Qingdao /mu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /mu²⁴/
Xi'an /mu²¹/
Xining /mv̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /mu¹³/
Lanzhou /mu¹³/
Ürümqi /mu²¹³/
Wuhan /mu²¹³/
/moŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /mu³¹/
/mu¹³/
Guiyang /mu²¹/
Kunming /mu³¹/
Nanjing /muʔ⁵/
Hefei /məʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /məʔ²/
Pingyao /mʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /mu⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /moʔ¹/
Suzhou /moʔ³/
Hangzhou /moʔ²/
Wenzhou /mu²¹³/
Hui Shexian /mɔ²²/
Tunxi /mo¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /mo²⁴/
Xiangtan /mo²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /muʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /muk̚¹/
Taoyuan /muk̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mok̚²/
Nanning /muk̚²²/
Hong Kong /muk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /bɔk̚⁵/
/bak̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /muʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /mu⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /bak̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /mok̚³/
/vak̚³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial (こえ) あきら (4)
Final (いん) (3)
Tone (調しらべ) Checked (Ø)
Openness (ひらきあい) Open
Division (ひとし) I
Fanqie ぼくきり
Baxter muwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/muk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/muk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/muk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/məwk̚/
Li
Rong
/muk̚/
Wang
Li
/muk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/muk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
muk6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ muwk ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.mˁok/
English tree, wood

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 9327
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*moːɡ/

Definitions

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  1. tree; woody plant
    Synonym: (shù)
      ―  shù  ―  tree
      ―  guàn  ―  shrub
    芍藥しゃくやく芍药  ―  sháoyào  ―  tree peony
  2. wood; timber (Classifier: じょうじょう c; かたまり c;  c;  c)
    あたま  ―  tou  ―  log
  3. wooden
      ―    ―  wooden house
    ちょう桌子これてき [MSC, trad.]
    桌子これてき [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè zhāng zhuōzi shì de. [Pinyin]
    This table is made of wood.
  4. (literary or in compounds) coffin
      ―  jiù  ―  to die (literally, “to enter one's coffin”)
  5. simple; plain; slow; emotionless; wooden
      ―    ―  plain spoken, slow and inarticulate
  6. numb
    あさ  ―    ―  numb, insensitive
    手指しゅしこおりょう手指しゅしりょう  ―  Tā shǒuzhǐ dòng le.  ―  Her fingers were numb with cold.
  7. a surname
  8. (Mandarin, neologism, slang) Eye dialect spelling of ぼつぼつ.
    ゆうゆう  ―  yǒuyǒu  ―  innit, damn right

Synonyms

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  • (tree):
  • (wood):
  • (coffin):

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():

Other:

Japanese

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Kanji

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(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: もく (moku, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: ぼく (boku, Jōyō)
  • Kun: (ki, , Jōyō) (ko, , Jōyō )
  • Nanori: (gu)しげ (shige) (mo)もと (moto)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
(uncommon)

⟨ki2 → */kɨ//ki/

From Old Japanese (ki2), from Proto-Japonic *kəy. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *ke. For the vowel alternation, see Wiktionary:About Proto-Japonic § Standalone forms and combining forms.

First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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() (ki

  1. a tree or shrub
  2. wood, timber, lumber
  3. (graph theory, computer science) a tree (data structure)
  4. (theater, sumo, etc.) a clapper used to signal the opening or closing of a match or play
Idioms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨ko2 → */kə//ko/

From Old Japanese (ko2).

Likely the original form of ki above. Obsolete in modern Japanese, never found in isolation; only found in compounds and certain idioms.[3]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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() (ko

  1. Combining form of (き, ki): tree; wood
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
もく
Grade: 1
goon

From Middle Chinese (MC muwk). Compare modern Cantonese (muk6).

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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(もく) (moku

  1. a tree
  2. Short for 木曜日もくようび (mokuyōbi): Thursday
  3. wood grain
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
ぼく
Grade: 1
kan'on

From Middle Chinese (MC muwk). Compare literary Min Nan (bo̍k).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(ぼく) (boku

  1. a tree; more specifically, a living tree
  2. the bent and gnarled trunk or roots of an old tree
  3. wood, lumber
  4. something made of wood
  5. in ancient China, a wooden musical instrument

Adjective

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(ぼく) (boku-na (adnominal (ぼく) (boku na), adverbial (ぼく) (boku ni))

  1. (derogatory) wooden, as of a person's character or behavior
  2. (derogatory) wooden, as of a person's mental abilities: blockheaded, stupid, dimwitted
Inflection
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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 き 【 ”, in 日本にっぽん国語こくごだい辞典じてん [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Pellard, Thomas (2012) “にち琉祖分岐ぶんき年代ねんだい”, in 琉球りゅうきゅう諸語しょご古代こだい日本語にほんごかんする比較ひかく言語げんごがくてき研究けんきゅう」ワークショップ[2], page 6
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 もく 【 ”, in 日本にっぽん国語こくごだい辞典じてん [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[3] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  5. 5.0 5.1 ぼく 【 ”, in 日本にっぽん国語こくごだい辞典じてん [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[4] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC muwk).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 목〮 (Yale: mwók)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[6] 나모 (Yale: nàmwò) 목〮 (Yale: mwók)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 나무 (namu mok))

  1. hanja form? of (tree; wood; wooden) [affix]
  2. hanja form? of (Short for 목요일(木曜日もくようび) (mogyoil, Thursday).)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさけい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅうけいきた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子でんし字典じてん. [7]

Okinawan

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Kanji

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(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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/ki//kiː/

From Proto-Ryukyuan *ke, from Proto-Japonic *kəy.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(きー) (

  1. a tree

References

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  1. ^ Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立こくりつ国語こくご研究所けんきゅうじょ) (1963) 沖縄おきなわ辞典じてん (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京とうきょう): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省ざいむしょう印刷いんさつきょく)

Old Japanese

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Japonic *kəy.

This term had then came to be used as くん (shakkun) kanji for ki2.

Noun

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(ki2) (kana )

  1. a tree or shrub
  2. wood, timber, lumber

Phonogram

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(ki2)

  1. Denotes phonographic syllable ki2.
    Synonyms: , しろ,
Descendants
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Etymology 2

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Likely the original form of ⟨ki2 above. Never found in isolation.[1]

Noun

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(ko2) (kana )

  1. Combining form of おつ (ki2) above
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 3

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May ultimately be from Proto-Japonic *kəy. Analysis in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE) shows that this variation of ⟨ki2 is not limited to Eastern dialects.

Noun

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(ke2) (kana )

  1. (regional, Northern Eastern Old Japanese, Southern Eastern Old Japanese) Same as おつ (ki2) above
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4375:
      , text here
      のう乃奈流美るみれい伊波いは妣等乃和れい乎美於久りゅうとう多多たた理之まさゆきははおのれりょ
      matu no2 ke2 no2 nami1taru mi1reba ipabi1to2 no2 ware wo mi1okuru to2 tatari si moko2ro2
      Looking at the pine trees all in a row, they were just like the people from the household standing to see me off
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^ Pellard, Thomas (2012) “にち琉祖分岐ぶんき年代ねんだい”, in 琉球りゅうきゅう諸語しょご古代こだい日本語にほんごかんする比較ひかく言語げんごがくてき研究けんきゅう」ワークショップ[5], page 6

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: mộc ((mạc)ぼく(bốc)きり(thiết))[1][2][3]
: Nôm readings: mọc[1][2][3][4][5], mốc[1][2][3][4][5], mộc[1][2][3][5], móc[1][3][4][5], mục[3][4][5], chúc[2]

  1. chữ Hán form of mộc (tree; wood).

Compounds

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References

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