母
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Translingual
editStroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character
editDerived characters
edit- Appendix:Chinese radical/毋
- 㑄, 呣, 坶, 姆, 𡥓, 㟂, 𢘃,
拇 , 𣳠, 𤝕, 乸,栂 , 𣭇, 牳, 𭹃, 胟, 𤵝, 𥎳, 砪, 䍭, 𧉯, 𧰷, 𧿹, 𨈶, 𨱱, 鉧(𬭁), 𩶋 - 㝀, 𨾥, 䳇, 𠰔, 𡥘, 𢘓, 袰, 𧦥,
貫 , 𡴋,苺 , 𣳗, 𤯟, 𦊏, 𭑐, 𥬦, 𬙰, 𫕢, 𣚺, 㺙
Related characters
edit- 毋 (See glyph origin)
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 588, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16723
- Dae Jaweon: page 980, character 32
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2380, character 3
- Unihan data for U+6BCD
Further reading
editChinese
editsimp. and trad. |
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Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
脢 | *mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs |
挴 | *mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ |
*hmlɯːʔ | |
毐 | *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ |
呣 | *mɯ |
*mɯʔ | |
*mɯʔ | |
胟 | *mɯʔ |
姆 | *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ |
畮 | *mɯʔ |
踇 | *mɯʔ |
*mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs | |
*mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs | |
*mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ | |
鰵 | *mrɯŋʔ |
慜 | *mrɯŋʔ |
毋 | *ma |
*mɯː | |
酶 | *mɯː |
鋂 | *mɯː |
*mɯːʔ | |
*mɯːs | |
痗 | *mɯːs, *hmɯːs |
*hmɯːs | |
誨 | *hmɯːs |
悔 | *hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs |
霉 | *mrɯl |
Differentiated form of
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mow (“woman, female”).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mu3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): му (mu, II)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): mu3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): mu2
- Northern Min (KCR): mǔ
- Eastern Min (BUC): mō̤ / mū
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): mo3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mǔ
- Wade–Giles: mu3
- Yale: mǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muu
- Palladius: му (mu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mu²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: mu3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mu
- Sinological IPA (key): /mu⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: му (mu, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mou⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mou5
- Yale: móuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: mou5
- Guangdong Romanization: mou5
- Sinological IPA (key): /mou̯¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: mu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐbu²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: mu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /mu²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mû
- Hakka Romanization System: muˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: mu1
- Sinological IPA: /mu²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: mu2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /mu⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mǔ
- Sinological IPA (key): /mu²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: mō̤ / mū
- Sinological IPA (key): /mo³³/, /mu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- mō̤ - “female; capital; suffix”;
- mū - “mother”.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bó
- Tâi-lô: bó
- Phofsit Daibuun: boir
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɤ⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei): /bo⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bó͘
- Tâi-lô: bóo
- Phofsit Daibuun: bor
- IPA (Xiamen, Yilan): /bɔ⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- Xiamen:
- bú - vernacular;
- bó͘ - literary.
- Quanzhou:
- bú, bó͘ - vernacular;
- bió - literary.
- Zhangzhou:
- bú - vernacular;
- bó - literary.
- Taiwan:
- bó - vernacular;
- bió/bó͘, bú - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bho2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bó
- Sinological IPA (key): /bo⁵²/
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading)
- (Northern: Chongming, Haining, Hangzhou)
- (Northern: Chongming)
- (Northern: Chongming)
- (Northern: Chongming)
- (Northern: Chongming)
- (Northern: Chongming)
- (Northern: Jiading, Haining, Haiyan)
- (Northern: Jiading, Tongxiang)
- (Northern: Suzhou)
- (Northern: Suzhou)
- (Northern: Changzhou)
- (Northern: Jiaxing, Haining, Haiyan, Shaoxing)
- (Northern: Tongxiang)
- (Northern: Haining)
- (Northern: Ningbo)
- (Jinhua)
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: mo3
- Sinological IPA (key): /mo⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /mu²¹⁴/ |
Harbin | /mu²¹³/ | |
Tianjin | /mu¹³/ | |
Jinan | /mu⁵⁵/ | |
Qingdao | /mu⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /mu⁵³/ | |
Xi'an | /mu⁵³/ | |
Xining | /mv̩⁵³/ | |
Yinchuan | /mu⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /mu⁴⁴²/ | |
Ürümqi | /mu⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /mu⁴²/ /moŋ⁴²/ | |
Chengdu | /mu⁵³/ | |
Guiyang | /mu⁴²/ | |
Kunming | /mu⁵³/ | |
Nanjing | /mu²¹²/ | |
Hefei | /mʊ²⁴/ /məŋ²⁴/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /mu⁵³/ |
Pingyao | /mu⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /mu⁵³/ ~ /məʔ⁰/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /mu²³/ /m̩²³/ |
Suzhou | /mo⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /mu⁵³/ | |
Wenzhou | /mu³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /mɔ³⁵/ /m̩³⁵/ |
Tunxi | /m̩²⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /mo⁴¹/ |
Xiangtan | /mo⁴²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /mu²¹³/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /mu⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /mu²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /mou²³/ |
Nanning | /mu²⁴/ | |
Hong Kong | /mou¹³/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /bɔ⁵³/ /bu⁵³/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /mo³²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /mu²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /bo⁵³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /mu²¹³/ /mai²¹³/ |
- Middle Chinese: muwX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*məʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mɯʔ/
Definitions
edit- mother
- Used to address a female elder member of a family.
- (of animal) female
- (figuratively, of instruments, tools, or connectors) female
- pertaining to origin
母 校 ― mǔxiào ― alma mater
- a surname
Synonyms
editCompounds
edit丁 母 憂 /丁 母 忧 (dīngmǔyōu)丈 母 (zhàngmǔ)丈 母 娘 世 母 主 母 九 子 母 乳母 (rǔmǔ)亡 母 (wángmǔ)介 母 令 母 代 母 (dàimǔ)伯母 (bómǔ)佛 母 (fómǔ)伯 祖母 (bózǔmǔ)保母 (bǎomǔ)修 母 畫 荻 /修 母 画 荻 (xiū mǔ huàdí)傅 母 先 母 (xiānmǔ)兒 母 /儿母公 分母 公 母 倆/公 母 俩 (gōngmuliǎ)公 筷母匙 (gōngkuàimǔchí)再生 父母 (zàishēngfùmǔ)分母 (fēnmǔ)前 母 升 堂 拜 母 半母音 (bànmǔyīn)叔母 (shūmǔ)- 叔祖
母 (shūzǔmǔ) - 召父
杜 母 同母 單 韻 母 /单韵母 (dānyùnmǔ)- 嗣
父母 四郎 探 母 國母 /国母 (guómǔ)國 音 字母 /国 音 字母 壽 母 /寿 母 外 母 (wàimǔ)外祖母 (wàizǔmǔ)大 母 天上 聖母 /天上 圣母 (Tiānshàng Shèngmǔ)天仙 聖母 /天仙 圣母太 師 母 /太 师母太 母 - 奶母 (nǎimǔ)
- 妗母 (jìnmǔ)
- 姏母
姑 母 (gūmǔ)- 姻母
- 姨母 (yímǔ)
娘 母子 嫡母 (dímǔ)- 嫫母 (mómǔ)
- 嬸母/婶母 (shěnmǔ)
- 孀母
子 母印 子 母 扣兒/子 母 扣儿 (zǐmǔkòur)子 母 相 權 /子 母 相 权子 母船 字母 (zìmǔ)季 母 孟母 (Mèngmǔ)孟母三遷 /孟母 三 迁 (mèngmǔsānqiān)孟母 擇 鄰/孟母 择邻孟母 斷 織 /孟母 断 织學 而名母 /学 而名母 宜 母子 (yímǔzǐ)官話 字母 /官 话字母 家母 (jiāmǔ)家 祖母 寄 母 (jìmǔ)- 寡母
岳 母 (yuèmǔ)工作 母 機 /工作 母 机 (gōngzuò mǔjī)希 臘字母 /希 腊字母 師 母 /师母 (shīmǔ)床 母 - 庶母 (shùmǔ)
後 母 /后 母 (hòumǔ)徐 母 罵 曹/徐 母 骂曹從 母 /从母 (cóngmǔ)恩 同父母 慈母 (címǔ)戀 母 情 結 /恋 母 情 结 (liànmǔ qíngjié)手指 字母 拉 丁字 母 (Lādīng Zìmǔ)拜 母 - 拼音
字母 (pīnyīn zìmǔ) 捲 舌 韻 母 /卷舌 韵母文 母 智 母 - 曾母
投 杼 - 曾母
暗 沙 (Zēngmǔ Ànshā) 曾祖母 (zēngzǔmǔ)木 母 歐 母 畫 荻 /欧 母 画 荻 (ōu mǔ huàdí)母 主 母 以子貴 /母 以子贵 (mǔyǐzǐguì)母 儀 /母 仪 (mǔyí)母 儀 天下 /母 仪天下 母 儀 足 式 /母 仪足式 母 兄 (mǔxiōng)母 兒 /母 儿母 匙 母后 (mǔhòu)母 哈赤母 喪 /母 丧母國 /母国 (mǔguó)母 夜叉 (mǔyèchā)母 大蟲 /母 大虫 母 女 (mǔnǚ)母 姊會/母 姊会母子 (mǔzǐ)母屋 母 帶 /母 带 (mǔdài)母 弟 (mǔdì)母性 (mǔxìng)母性 愛 /母性 爱母 愛 /母 爱 (mǔ'ài)母 慈子 孝 母 教 母 斑 母 本 (mǔběn)母校 (mǔxiào)母 機 /母 机 (mǔjī)母權 /母 权 (mǔquán)母 法 母 獅子 /母 狮子母 範 /母 范 (mǔfàn)母系 (mǔxì)母系 制度 母 老子 幼 母 老 虎 (mǔlǎohǔ)母 舅 (mǔjiù)母艦 /母 舰 (mǔjiàn)母親 /母 亲 (mǔqīn)母親 節 /母 亲节 (mǔqīnjié)母語 /母 语 (mǔyǔ)母語 人士 /母 语人士 (mǔyǔ rénshì)母 財 /母 财母 錢 /母 钱母 雞/母 鸡 (mǔjī)母 難 日 /母 难日母音 (mǔyīn)母體 /母体 (mǔtǐ)母 黨 /母 党 氣 母 /气母水母 (shuǐmǔ)水母 目 蝦 /水母 目 虾 (shuǐmǔ mù xiā)海月 水母 (hǎiyué shuǐmǔ)海蛇 水母 - 漂母
- 漂母
進 食 /漂母进食 - 漂母
進 飯 /漂母进饭 濁 母 /浊母濁聲 母 /浊声母 父 天 母 地 父母 (fùmǔ)父母 之 命 父母 之 邦 父母 國 /父母 国 父母 子女 父母 官 (fùmǔguān)父母 恩 勤 父母 雙 亡 /父母 双 亡 父母 骨肉 父 精 母 血 - 爸母
王 母 (wángmǔ)王 母 娘 娘 (Wángmǔ Niángniang)王 母 蟠 桃 珍 珠 母 (zhēnzhūmǔ)珠 母 瑤 池金 母 /瑶 池金 母 生母 (shēngmǔ)異母 /异母 (yìmǔ)異母 兄弟 /异母兄弟 (yìmǔ xiōngdì)病 母 白 雲母 /白 云 母 (báiyúnmǔ)益 母 草 (yìmǔcǎo)目 蓮 救 母 /目 莲救母 祖母 (zǔmǔ)祖母 綠 /祖母 绿 (zǔmǔlǜ)禍 母 /祸母結合 韻 母 /结合韵母繼母 /继母 (jìmǔ)續 母 /续母羅 馬 字母 /罗马字母 (Luómǎ Zìmǔ)義母 /义母 (yìmǔ)老母 老母 雞/老母 鸡 (lǎomǔjī)聖母 /圣母 (shèngmǔ)聖母 像 /圣母像 聖母 峰 /圣母峰 (Shèngmǔ Fēng)聲 母 /声 母 (shēngmǔ)胡 母 敬 舅 母 (jiùmǔ)航空 母艦 /航空 母 舰 (hángkōng mǔjiàn)- 蓐母
薄 母 薑 母 鴨 /姜 母 鸭 (jiāngmǔyā)螺 母 (luómǔ)螺 絲 母 /螺 丝母 (luósīmǔ)衣食 父母 (yīshífùmǔ)複 合 韻 母 /复合韵母- 褓母 (bǎomǔ)
複 韻 母 /复韵母 西王母 (Xīwángmǔ)親 家母 /亲家母 (qìngjiamǔ)親 母 /亲母 (qīnmǔ)親 生 父母 /亲生父母 誼 母 /谊母貝 母 /贝母 (bèimǔ)賢 妻良 母 /贤妻良 母 (xiánqīliángmǔ)酒 母 (jiǔmǔ)酵母 (jiàomǔ)酵母 菌 重生 父母 金 母 金 雲母 /金 云 母 阿 母 (āmǔ)- 雞母
珠 /鸡母珠 離 母 /离母雲母 /云 母 (yúnmǔ)電 母 /电母 (Diànmǔ)零 聲 母 /零 声 母 (língshēngmǔ)非 母語 人士 /非 母 语人士 (fēi-mǔyǔ rénshì)革命 之 母 韻 母 /韵母 (yùnmǔ)- 颶母/飓母
食 母 養母 /养母 (yǎngmǔ)養 身 父母 /养身父母 - 驪山
老母 /骊山老母 高祖母 (gāozǔmǔ)鬼 母 鴇 母 /鸨母 (bǎomǔ)鴨 母 /鸭母- 鴾母/𱉲
母 黑 雲母 /黑 云 母 鼻 韻 母 /鼻 韵母 (bíyùnmǔ)
Descendants
editReferences
edit- “
母 ”, in漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014– - Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (
教育 部 異體 字 字典 ), A02098
Japanese
editKanji
editReadings
edit- Go-on: む (mu); も (mo)
- Kan-on: ぼう (bō)
- Kan’yō-on: ぼ (bo, Jōyō)
- Kun: はは (haha,
母 , Jōyō)←はは (fafa,母 , historical); はわ (hawa,母 )←はは (fafa,母 , historical); は (ha,母 ); あも (amo,母 ); おも (omo,母 ); かか (kaka,母 ); かあ (kā,母 )
Compounds
editUsage notes
editIn isolation, the character
Alternative forms
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
はは Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese.
/haha/: */papa/ → /fafa/ → /fawa/ → /fafa/ → /haha/.
Medial /f/ [ɸ] regularly changes to /w/ [ɰᵝ], resulting in /fawa/ → /hawa/, the expected final form; see hawa below. This form first appears in the Heian period. However, likely due to spelling influence or reduplication associations, the earlier /fafa/ resurfaced in the late 16th century towards the end of the Muromachi period, with both forms seen until recent times, when hawa falls into disuse.[1] Initial /f-/ [ɸ] regularly becomes [h], resulting in modern [ha̠ha̠].
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- mother
織 田 信 長 の母 は謎 が多 い。- Oda Nobunaga no haha wa nazo ga ōi.
- Oda Nobunaga's mother was a mysterious woman.
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 116:
母 尔雅云 、母 爲 妣、卑履反 、去聲 之 重 、和名 波 々、日本 紀 私記 云 、以路波 - (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 196:
- Fafa. l, faua. ハハ. または、ハワ(
母 )母 .- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
edit- This term conveys neither positive nor negative connotations. However, using it to describe someone the speaker knows personally is often considered lacking respect, where more polite forms like お
母 さん (okāsan) are preferred. - This term is sometimes used in objective narrations, but for this purpose,
母 親 (hahaoya) is more common.
Coordinate terms
editDerived terms
edit母 上 (hahaue)母 親 (hahaoya, “mother”)母 方 (hahakata, “a relative on one's mother's side”)- ⦃⦃ja-r¦
母 %君 ¦はは%ぎみ¦mother (when addressing one's own mother; more honorific than母 上 (hahaue))⦄⦄ 母 子 (hahako, “mother and child”)母 御 (hahago)母 御 前 (hahagozen)母 島 (Hahajima, “the main island of the Ogasawara Islands”)母 者 (hahaja, “a person who is a mother: a term of endearment”)母 者 人 (hahaja hito, “a person who is a mother: a term of endearment”)母 刀 自 (hahatoji)母 の日 (Haha no Hi, “Mother's Day”)母 御 息 所 (haha miyasudokoro, “an imperial concubine or other female member of the imperial household who is also a mother”)母 物 (hahamono, “a book, play, or other entertainment in which motherly love is a central theme”)生 みの母 (umi no haha),産 みの母 (umi no haha, “birth mother”)国 の母 (kuni no haha)代 理 母 (dairi haha, “foster mother”)父 母 (chichi haha, “one's own parents”)父 母 (tete haha)- ⦃⦃ja-r¦
法 %師 が母 ¦^ほう%し が ^はは¦the title of a狂 言 (kyōgen), a short farcical performance played as an intermission in a noh play⦄⦄ 瞼 の母 (mabuta no haha, “the image of one's mother in dreams or memory, such as when one's mother is far away or has passed away”)継 母 (mamahaha, “stepmother, foster mother”)
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
はわ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese, the phonologically expected development. See etymology for haha above for details.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- (humble) mother
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 213:
- Faua. ハワ (
母 )母親 .- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 196:
- Fafa. l, faua. ハハ. または、ハワ(
母 )母 .- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 71:
- Caca. カカ (かか) Faua (
母 )に同 じ.母 . これは子供 の言葉 である. また、尊敬 すべき婦人 、あるいは、年長 で一家 の主婦 のような婦人 の意 に取 られる.- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 60:
- Bogui. ボギ (
母 儀 ) Faua (母 )に同 じ.母 .- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
editObsolete in mainstream Japanese. May persist in dialects.
Etymology 3
editKanji in this term |
---|
は Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Possibly an abbreviation of haha, or possibly the original form.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- (obsolete) mother
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 116:
母 尔雅云 、母 爲 妣、卑履反 、去聲 之 重 、和名 波 々、日本 紀 私記 云 、以路波 - (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
editNot found in isolation, only found in compounds. Obsolete and unused in modern Japanese.
Derived terms
editEtymology 4
editKanji in this term |
---|
あも Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Obsolete and unused in modern Japanese. Already falling into disuse by the writing of the Man'yōshū in 759, where it is only found in pieces written in eastern dialects.[1] Possibly cognate with Korean 엄마 (eomma, “mother”), 어머니 (eomeoni, “mother”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- (obsolete) mother
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4376:
多 妣由岐尓由 久 等 之 良 受弖阿 母 志 々尓己 等 麻 乎佐受弖伊 麻 叙 久 夜 之 氣 - (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4377:
阿 母 刀自 母 多麻 尓母賀 母 夜 伊 多 太 伎弖美都 良 乃奈可 尓阿 敝麻可 麻 久 母 - (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4378:
都 久 比 夜 波 須具波 由 氣 等 毛 阿 母 志 々可 多麻 乃須我 多 波 和 須例西奈 布 母 - (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4383:
都 乃久尓乃宇美 能 奈伎佐 尓布 奈餘曽比 多 志 埿毛等 伎尓阿 母 我 米 母 我 母 - (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Derived terms
editEtymology 5
editKanji in this term |
---|
おも Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Obsolete and unused in modern Japanese. Appears to be an alteration from amo above.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- (obsolete) mother
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4386:
和 加 々都 乃 以都母 等 夜 奈枳 以都母 々々々 於母加古 比 須々 奈理麻 之 都 之 母 - (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4401:
可 良 己 呂 武 須宗尓等里 都 伎 奈苦古 良 乎意 伎弖曽 伎怒也意 母 奈之尓志弖- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4402:
知 波 夜 布留 賀 美 乃美 佐賀 尓奴 佐 麻 都 里 伊 波布 伊能 知 波 意 毛 知 々我 多米 - (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- a woman who breastfeeds and raises a child in place of a parent: a wet nurse
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 12, poem 2925:
緑児 之 為 社 乳母 者 求 云 乳 飲 哉君之 於毛求 覧 - (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Synonyms
edit- (wet nurse):
乳 母 (uba)
Derived terms
edit母 父 (omochichi, “one's parents”)母 調 子 (omo chōshi)母 刀自 (omotoji)母 同 胞 (omoharakara, “a sibling from the same mother”)母 屋 (omoya),母 家 (omoya, “main residence in a manor; main or central building in a palace; main household in an extended family; main store in a chain”)母 良 (omora, “in ancient times, a woman serving at the Ise Grand Shrine”)
Etymology 6
editKanji in this term |
---|
かか Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Unknown. One theory holds that this is a corrupted and abbreviated form of
/okatasama/ → /katasama/ → /kakasama/ → /kaka/
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- (childish) mommy, mummy
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 71:
- Caca. カカ (かか) Faua (
母 )に同 じ.母 . これは子供 の言葉 である. また、尊敬 すべき婦人 、あるいは、年長 で一家 の主婦 のような婦人 の意 に取 られる.- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (obsolete) wife
- Seen in the Edo period among the lower socioeconomic classes. Used to refer both to one's own wife when talking to others, and to refer to someone else's wife.[1]
Derived terms
editEtymology 7
editKanji in this term |
---|
かあ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alteration of kaka[1]: /kaka/ → /-kka/ → /kaː/
Pronunciation
editNoun
editUsage notes
editAlmost never seen in isolation. Most commonly seen with honorific prefix o- and honorific suffix -san, as お
Derived terms
edit母 さん (kāsan) (informal form of address; would only be used when addressing one's own mother)母 ちゃん (kāchan) (childish, informal form of address; used when addressing one's own mother)- お
母 (okā) (informal form of address; would only be used when addressing one's own mother) - お
母 さん (okāsan) (most common term; could be used to address or refer to one's own mother, or to refer to someone else's mother)
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988)
国語 大 辞典 (新装 版 ) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN - ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),
大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN - ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK
日本語 発音 アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 무ᇢ〯 (Yale: mwǔw) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | 어〮미〮 (Yale: émí) | 모〯 (Yale: mwǒ) |
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mo̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [모(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
editCompounds
editReferences
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (
國際 退 溪 學會 大邱 慶 北 支部 ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子 字典 . [3]
Old Japanese
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese
Phonogram
edit- Denotes phonographic syllable mo2.
Further reading
editVietnamese
editHan character
edit
Compounds
editReferences
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