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Wiktionary

母はは

See also: 毋 and 舟ふね
母はは U+6BCD, 母
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6BCD
← 毌
[U+6BCC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 毎まい →
[U+6BCE]
⺟ U+2E9F, ⺟
CJK RADICAL MOTHER
← ⺞
[U+2E9E] 		CJK Radicals Supplement ⺠ →
[U+2EA0]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
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Translingual

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Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character

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母はは (Kangxi radical 80, 毋+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 田た卜ぼく戈ほこ (WYI), four-corner 77500, composition ⿻⿻𠃋𠃌⿻⺀一いち)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 588, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16723
  • Dae Jaweon: page 980, character 32
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2380, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+6BCD

Further reading

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Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 母はは

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 母はは
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (母はは) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
脢 *mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
挴 *mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ
海うみ *hmlɯːʔ
毐 *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ
呣 *mɯ
拇おやゆび *mɯʔ
母はは *mɯʔ
胟 *mɯʔ
姆 *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ
畮 *mɯʔ
踇 *mɯʔ
苺いちご *mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs
莓いちご *mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
敏さとし *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ
鰵 *mrɯŋʔ
慜 *mrɯŋʔ
毋 *ma
梅うめ *mɯː
酶 *mɯː
鋂 *mɯː
每まい *mɯːʔ
毎まい *mɯːs
痗 *mɯːs, *hmɯːs
晦みそ *hmɯːs
誨 *hmɯːs
悔 *hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs
霉 *mrɯl

Differentiated form of 女おんな with the addition of distinguishing dots. In the early oracle bone texts both words 女おんな (OC *naʔ, *nas, “woman”) and 母はは were written as 女おんな (Yao, 1989, Liu, 2011, Huang, 2014).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mow (“woman, female”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • mō̤ - “female; capital; suffix”;
  • mū - “mother”.
Note:
  • Xiamen:
    • bú - vernacular;
    • bó͘ - literary.
  • Quanzhou:
    • bú, bó͘ - vernacular;
    • bió - literary.
  • Zhangzhou:
    • bú - vernacular;
    • bó - literary.
  • Taiwan:
    • bó - vernacular;
    • bió/bó͘, bú - literary.
Note: 1mo - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 母はは
Mandarin Beijing /mu²¹⁴/
Harbin /mu²¹³/
Tianjin /mu¹³/
Jinan /mu⁵⁵/
Qingdao /mu⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /mu⁵³/
Xi'an /mu⁵³/
Xining /mv̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /mu⁵³/
Lanzhou /mu⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /mu⁵¹/
Wuhan /mu⁴²/
/moŋ⁴²/
Chengdu /mu⁵³/
Guiyang /mu⁴²/
Kunming /mu⁵³/
Nanjing /mu²¹²/
Hefei /mʊ²⁴/
/məŋ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /mu⁵³/
Pingyao /mu⁵³/
Hohhot /mu⁵³/ ～的てき
/məʔ⁰/ 外そと～娘むすめ
Wu Shanghai /mu²³/
/m̩²³/
Suzhou /mo⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /mu⁵³/
Wenzhou /mu³⁵/
Hui Shexian /mɔ³⁵/
/m̩³⁵/
Tunxi /m̩²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /mo⁴¹/
Xiangtan /mo⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /mu²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /mu⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /mu²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mou²³/
Nanning /mu²⁴/
Hong Kong /mou¹³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /bɔ⁵³/
/bu⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /mo³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /mu²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /bo⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /mu²¹³/
/mai²¹³/ 俗ぞく
Rime
Character 母はは
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 明あきら (4)
Final (韻いん) 侯ほう (137)
Tone (調しらべ) Rising (X)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) I
Fanqie 莫厚あつ切きり
Baxter muwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/məuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/məuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/məuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/məwX/
Li
Rong 		/muX/
Wang
Li 		/məuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/mə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		mǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mau5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 母はは
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		mǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ muwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*məʔ/ (? or *mˁoʔ)
English mother

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 母はは
Reading # 1/1
No. 9288
Phonetic
component 		母はは
Rime
group 		之これ
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		母はは
Old
Chinese 		/*mɯʔ/

Definitions

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母はは

  1. mother
    Antonym: 父ちち
    父ちち母はは  ―  fùmǔ  ―  father and mother
    母はは子こ  ―  mǔzǐ  ―  mother and son
  2. Used to address a female elder member of a family.
    Antonym: 父ちち
    姑しゅうと母はは  ―  gūmǔ  ―  father's sister
    祖そ母はは  ―  zǔmǔ  ―  grandmother
  3. (of animal) female
    Synonym: 雌めす (cí)
    Antonym: 公おおやけ (gōng)
    母はは牛うし  ―  mǔniú  ―  female cow
  4. (figuratively, of instruments, tools, or connectors) female
  5. pertaining to origin
    母はは校こう  ―  mǔxiào  ―  alma mater
  6. a surname

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 媽媽 (“mum; mother”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 母はは, 娘むすめ
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 母親ははおや
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 媽媽, 媽, 娘むすめ, 母親ははおや
Taiwan 媽媽, 媽
Chengde 母親ははおや, 媽媽
Chifeng 媽媽
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 媽, 媽媽
Heihe 母親ははおや, 媽媽
Qiqihar 媽媽
Harbin 媽, 媽媽, 母親ははおや
Jiamusi 母親ははおや, 媽媽
Baicheng 母親ははおや, 媽媽, 娘むすめ
Changchun 媽媽, 媽, 娘むすめ
Tonghua 媽媽, 媽
Shenyang 媽媽, 母親ははおや, 額がく娘むすめ dated, Manchus
Jinzhou 母親ははおや, 媽媽, 媽
Malaysia 媽媽, 媽
Singapore 媽媽, 媽, 老ろう媽 <>
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 媽媽, 娘むすめ
Tangshan 母親ははおや, 媽媽
Cangzhou 母親ははおや, 媽媽, 娘むすめ, 𫰎
Baoding 母親ははおや, 媽媽, 媽
Shijiazhuang 母親ははおや, 媽媽, 娘むすめ
Lijin 媽
Jinan 媽, 媽媽, 娘むすめ
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 媽媽
Dandong 母親ははおや, 媽媽
Yantai 媽
Yantai (Muping) 媽
Qingdao 媽, 娘むすめ
Zhucheng 媽媽, 媽, 娘むすめ
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 媽, 媽兒
Lingbao 媽, 娘むすめ
Jining 媽媽, 娘むすめ
Wanrong 嬤
Wanrong (Ronghe) 媽
Linfen 媽
Shangqiu 母親ははおや, 媽媽, 娘むすめ
Yuanyang 母親ははおや, 媽媽, 娘むすめ
Zhengzhou 媽, 娘むすめ
Baihe 母親ははおや, 媽媽
Xi'an 媽
Baoji 母親ははおや, 媽, 娘むすめ
Xining 阿媽あま, 媽媽, 姆媽
Xuzhou 媽媽, 娘むすめ, 大だい兒こ, 母親ははおや
Fuyang 母親ははおや, 媽媽, 媽, 娘むすめ
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 媽, 母親ははおや, 媽媽
Lanzhou 媽, 媽媽, 老ろう媽 <>, 母親ははおや
Dunhuang 媽媽, 媽
Hami 媽媽
Ürümqi 媽媽, 媽, 老ろう娘むすめ <>, 阿おもね娘むすめ Hui, 阿おもね娘むすめ子こ used with minorities, 母親ははおや
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 媽媽, 媽
Nanchong 母親ははおや, 媽媽
Dazhou 媽
Hanyuan 母親ははおや, 媽媽
Xichang 母親ははおや, 媽媽
Zigong 母親ははおや, 媽媽, 娘むすめ
Chongqing 媽媽, 媽
Wuhan 姆媽, 媽媽, 老ろう娘むすめ <>, 黎はじむ山やま老ろう slang, 孟子もうし見み dated slang, 娘むすめ
Yichang 母親ははおや, 媽媽, 媽, 娘むすめ, 大老たいろう
Xiangyang 母親ははおや, 媽媽, 娘むすめ
Tianmen 母親ははおや, 媽媽, 娘むすめ, 姆媽
Guiyang 媽, 老ろう媽 <>, humorous
Zunyi 母はは兒じ, 媽
Bijie 媽
Liping 媽
Zhaotong 媽媽, 嬸嬸
Dali 阿媽あま
Kunming 媽, 媽媽, 母親ははおや
Mengzi 媽媽
Guilin 媽媽
Liuzhou 阿媽あま, 媽, 娘むすめ老ろう <>, 老ろう媽子 <>, 娘むすめ, 母親ははおや
Jishou 母親ははおや, 媽媽, 媽, 娘むすめ
Changde 姆媽
Hanzhong 母親ははおや, 媽媽, 媽, 娘むすめ
Mae Salong (Lancang) 阿媽あま, 媽媽
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 媽
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 媽, 姆媽, 娘むすめ
Yangzhou 媽媽, 姆媽, 老ろう娘むすめ <>, 母親ははおや
Lianyungang 母親ははおや, 媽媽
Lianshui 母親ははおや, 媽
Nantong 姆媽, 娘むすめ嬭 dated, 母親ははおや
Anqing 母親ははおや, 媽媽
Wuhu 媽媽, 姆媽
Hefei 媽, 媽爺
Hong'an 母親ははおや, 媽媽, 媽, 大だい, 娘むすめ
Cantonese Guangzhou 阿媽あま, 媽媽, 老母ろうぼ <>
Hong Kong 媽咪, 阿媽あま, 媽媽, 媽打, 老母ろうぼ <>, 老ろう媽子 <>
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 阿媽あま, 阿おもね奶, 老母ろうぼ <>
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 媽, 阿媽あま
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 阿おもね奶, 阿おもね仔こ
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 阿おもね奶
Macau 阿媽あま, 媽咪, 老母ろうぼ <>
Guangzhou (Xinjiao, Haizhu) 媽媽, 阿媽あま
Guangzhou (Longxi, Liwan) 阿媽あま, 阿おもね嫂あによめ
Guangzhou (Huangpu) 阿媽あま, 阿おもね娘むすめ, 阿おもね大だい, 阿おもね嬸
Guangzhou (Xinshi, Baiyun) 阿媽あま, 阿おもね嫂あによめ
Guangzhou (Shijing, Baiyun) 阿媽あま, 阿おもね嬸, 阿おもね嫂あによめ
Guangzhou (Jiangcun, Baiyun) 阿おもね大だい
Guangzhou (Longgui, Baiyun) 阿おもね大だい
Guangzhou (Renhe, Baiyun) 阿おもね大だい
Guangzhou (Zhuliao, Baiyun) 阿おもね大だい
Guangzhou (Zhongluotan, Baiyun) 阿おもね大だい
Guangzhou (Jiufo, Huangpu) 阿おもね大だい
Guangzhou (Panyu) 阿媽あま, 媽媽, 老母ろうぼ <>
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 媽媽, 老母ろうぼ <>
Guangzhou (Conghua) 阿おもね奶, 阿おもね嬸, 老母ろうぼ <>
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 阿おもね奶, 阿おもね嫂あによめ, 阿おもね嬸, 媽媽, 老母ろうぼ <>
Foshan 阿媽あま, 老母ろうぼ <>
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 阿おもね嬸, 阿媽あま, 老母ろうぼ <>
Foshan (Shunde) 阿おもね娘むすめ, 老母ろうぼ <>
Foshan (Sanshui) 阿媽あま, 阿おもね家いえ, 老母ろうぼ <>
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 阿媽あま, 老母ろうぼ <>, 母親ははおや <>
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 阿媽あま, 老母ろうぼ <>
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 阿媽あま, 老母ろうぼ <>
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 阿媽あま, 老母ろうぼ <>
Zhuhai (Doumen) 阿媽あま, 老母ろうぼ <>
Jiangmen (Baisha) 阿媽あま, 老母ろうぼ <>
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 阿媽あま, 老母ろうぼ <>
Taishan 阿媽あま, 媽, 老母ろうぼ <>
Kaiping (Chikan) 阿媽あま, 老母ろうぼ <>
Enping (Niujiang) 阿媽あま, 老母ろうぼ <>
Heshan (Yayao) 阿媽あま, 老母ろうぼ <>
Dongguan 阿媽あま, 阿おもね奶, 阿おもね姐あね, 媽媽 childish, 媽咪 childish, 老母ろうぼ <>, 老ろう乸 <>, Changping
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 阿おもね大だい, 阿媽あま, 媽媽, 老母ろうぼ <>
Shaoguan 阿媽あま, 老母ろうぼ
Yunfu 老母ろうぼ, 阿媽あま
Yangjiang 阿媽あま, 阿おもね娘むすめ, 阿おもね奶 <>
Xinyi 阿媽あま, 老母ろうぼ <>
Lianjiang 阿媽あま, 老母ろうぼ, 媽媽
Nanning 媽媽, 阿媽あま, 媽, 老ろう乸 <>, 老ろう娘むすめ <>, 老ろう媽子 <>
Hepu (Lianzhou) 媽媽, 阿おもね奶, 阿おもね嬸, 俺おれ乸 <>
Hepu (Shatian) 媽媽
Beihai 媽媽, 老ろう奶 <>
Beihai (Nankang) 阿媽あま, 阿おもね奶, 阿おもね娘むすめ <>
Beihai (Yingpan) 媽媽, 阿媽あま, 阿おもね嬸, 老ろう媽 <>
Danzhou 母はは
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 阿媽あま, 媽咪, 老ろう媽子 <>
Singapore (Guangfu) 阿媽あま, 媽媽, 老母ろうぼ <>
Gan Nanchang 姆媽, 娘むすめ <>
Lichuan 姆媽, 娘むすめ <>
Pingxiang 姆媽, 娘むすめ老子ろうし <>
Hakka Meixian 阿おもね姆, 阿おもね嫲, 哀あい仔こ <>
Xingning 阿媽あま, 哀あい哩まいる <>
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 阿媽あま, 阿おもね奶 <>
Huidong (Daling) 阿おもね姆, 媽
Dongguan (Qingxi) 阿媽あま, 阿おもね姆 <>
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 阿媽あま, 阿おもね姆 <>
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 阿媽あま, 阿おもね姆 <>
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 阿おもね嫲, 阿おもね娘むすめ, 阿おもね姆
Wuhua (Huacheng) 阿おもね嫲, 阿おもね娘むすめ, 阿おもね姆, 哀あい哩まいる
Wuhua (Changbu) 阿媽あま, 阿おもね姆
Wuhua (Mianyang) 阿おもね娘むすめ
Wuhua (Meilin) 嫲, 阿おもね嫲
Heyuan (Bendihua) 阿媽あま
Wengyuan 哀あい子こ, 阿おもね姆
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 阿おもね姆, 哀あい子こ <>
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 阿おもね姆, 阿おもね嬸
Liannan 姆, 媽
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 阿おもね姆
Jiexi 阿おもね姆
Raoping (Xinfeng) 阿おもね姨, 阿おもね禾 <>
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 阿おもね奶
Changting 姆媽, 姆娓, 哀あい哩まいる <>
Wuping 姆姆, 依よ呀, 哀あい哩まいる <>
Wuping (Yanqian) 哀あい哩まいる
Wuping (Pingyu) 姆, 哀あい子こ <>
Liancheng 姆, 哀あい <>
Ninghua 姆媽, 母はは
Yudu 姆, 媽媽, 媽
Ningdu 姐あね
Ruijin 姆媽, 哀あい <>, 乳ちち子こ <>
Shicheng 姆媽, 哀あい <>
Shangyou (Shexi) 嫫, 姐あね佬 <>
Tonggu (Sandu) 姆㜷
Ganzhou (Panlong) 嬤
Dayu 姐あね佬, 姆姆
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 阿おもね姆, 哀あい仔こ <>
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 阿おもね姆, 唔媽, 哀あい仔こ <>
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 阿おもね姆, 哀あい仔こ <>
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 阿おもね姆, 哀あい <>
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 阿おもね姆, 哀あい仔こ <>
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 阿おもね依よ, 哀あい仔こ <>
Hong Kong 阿媽あま, 阿おもね姆 <>
Yangxi (Tangkou) 奶
Yangchun (Sanjia) 阿媽あま
Xinyi (Sihe) 老母ろうぼ, 老ろう哀あい, 阿媽あま
Xinyi (Qianpai) 阿媽あま, 哀あい子こ
Gaozhou (Xindong) 阿媽あま
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 阿おもね嬸, 阿おもね奶, 阿おもね嫂あによめ, 阿媽あま
Huazhou (Xin'an) 哀あい子こ
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 阿媽あま, 哀あい子こ, 阿おもね奶
Lianjiang (Qingping) 阿媽あま, 哀あい
Mengshan (Xihe) 娘むすめ, 嫂あによめ
Luchuan 阿おもね姆
Sabah (Longchuan) 阿おもね姆
Senai (Huiyang) 阿媽あま
Singkawang 阿おもね姆
Huizhou Jixi 姆, 娘むすめ <>
Shexian 姆媽, 媽媽, 阿おもね姨
Jin Taiyuan 媽, 媽媽
Yangyuan 母親ははおや, 媽媽, 媽, 娘むすめ
Datong 母親ははおや, 媽
Xinzhou 波なみ哇, 波なみ波は呀, 呀波呀, 波なみ, 波なみ波は
Lüliang (Lishi) 母親ははおや, 媽
Changzhi 娘むすめ, 媽
Linhe 母親ははおや, 媽媽, 媽
Jining 媽媽
Hohhot 母親ははおや, 媽媽
Erenhot 母親ははおや, 媽媽
Pingshan 母親ははおや, 娘むすめ
Zhangjiakou 母親ははおや, 媽媽, 媽, 娘むすめ
Handan 母親ははおや, 娘むすめ
Linzhou 娘むすめ
Suide 媽
Northern Min Jian'ou 依よ呀, 媽媽, 奶 <>
Eastern Min Fuzhou 依よ媽, 依よ奶, 娘むすめ嬭 <>
Fuqing 奶, 依よ奶, 媽媽, 依よ娜, 娘むすめ嬭 <>
Matsu 依よ奶, 娘むすめ嬭 <>
Singapore (Fuqing) 媽媽
Southern Min Xiamen 阿おもね母はは, 阿おもね母はは仔こ, 母はは仔こ, 阿媽あま, 阿おもね娘むすめ, 老母ろうぼ <>, 娘むすめ嬭 <>
Xiamen (Tong'an) 老母ろうぼ <>, 俺おれ母はは仔こ
Quanzhou 阿おもね母はは, 母はは仔こ, 阿おもね娘むすめ, 老母ろうぼ <>
Hui'an 阿おもね娘むすめ
Zhangzhou 阿おもね母はは, 母はは仔こ, 咉奶, 嘔傴 euphemistic, 老母ろうぼ <>, 娘むすめ嬭 <>
Taipei 阿おもね母はは, 阿おもね娘むすめ, 媽媽, 老母ろうぼ <>
New Taipei (Sanxia) 阿おもね母はは, 阿おもね娘むすめ, 姨仔, 老母ろうぼ <>
Kaohsiung 卡桑, 阿おもね母はは仔こ, 老母ろうぼ <>
Yilan 阿おもね母はは, 阿おもね娘むすめ, 老母ろうぼ <>
Changhua (Lukang) 阿おもね母はは, 阿おもね娘むすめ, 姨仔, 老母ろうぼ <>
Taichung 媽媽, 阿おもね母はは, 老母ろうぼ <>
Tainan 歐おう卡桑, 阿おもね母はは, 俺おれ娘むすめ仔こ, 娘むすめ嬭, 老母ろうぼ <>
Hsinchu 媽媽, 阿おもね娘むすめ, 阿おもね母はは, 老母ろうぼ <>
Kinmen 俺おれ娘むすめ仔こ, 老母ろうぼ <>, 俺おれ母はは <>
Penghu (Magong) 阿おもね母はは, 老母ろうぼ <>
Penang (Hokkien) 阿おもね母はは, 阿媽あま, 媽媽, 媽, 老母ろうぼ <>
Singapore (Hokkien) 阿おもね母はは, 老母ろうぼ <>
Manila (Hokkien) 媽媽, 媽, 阿おもね母はは, 母はは仔こ, 老母ろうぼ <>
Chaozhou 阿媽あま, 阿おもね娘むすめ, 阿おもね姈, 阿おもね嬡 <>
Shantou 阿媽あま, 阿おもね嬡, 阿おもね姈, 阿おもね母はは, 嬡 <>, 母はは <>
Shantou (Chenghai) 阿媽あま, 嬡 <>, 母はは <>
Jieyang 阿媽あま, 阿おもね嬡, 阿おもね娘むすめ, 阿おもね姈
Haifeng 媽, 媽媽, 阿媽あま
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 阿媽あま, 媽媽, 媽 <>
Singapore (Teochew) 阿媽あま, 阿おもね嬡, 母はは <>
Leizhou 嬭, 嫂あによめ dated, 姨 dated, 母はは <>, 尼あま母はは <>, 尼あま姨 <>, dated, 尼あま嫂あによめ <>, dated
Haikou 阿媽あま, 阿おもね姐あね, 阿おもね娘むすめ dated, 阿おもね嫂あによめ dated, 母はは <>
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 媽媽, 媽, 老母ろうぼ <>
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 媽, 阿おもね嫂あによめ, 阿おもね嬸, 阿おもね媼おうな dated, 老ろう娘むすめ <>
Binyang 母親ははおや, 嬸
Wu Shanghai 媽媽, 姆媽, 娘むすめ <>
Shanghai (Chongming) 姆媽, 娘むすめ <>
Suzhou 姆媽, 娘むすめ <>
Danyang 媽, 娘むすめ
Hangzhou 姆媽, 媽媽, 娘むすめ <>
Ningbo 阿おもね姆, 姆媽, 阿おもね娘むすめ <>, 老ろう娘むすめ <>
Wenzhou 阿媽あま, 阿おもね奶, 奶
Jinhua 姆媽, 娘むすめ <>
Xiang Changsha 媽媽, 姆媽, 娘むすめ老子ろうし, 娘むすめ <>
Loudi 依よ爺じい, 姆媽, 娘むすめ老子ろうし, 娘むすめ <>
Shuangfeng 姆媽, 娘むすめ <>
Hengyang 姆媽 new-style, 娭毑 old-style, 娘むすめ <>, 娘むすめ老ろう倌 <>, 娘むすめ老ろう倌子 <>
Note <> - non-face-to-face
Dialectal synonyms of 媽媽 (“mum (non-face-to-face)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 母はは, 娘むすめ
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 母親ははおや
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 媽媽, 媽, 娘むすめ
Taiwan 媽媽, 媽
Harbin 媽, 媽媽
Shenyang 媽媽
Singapore 媽媽, 老ろう媽, 媽
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 媽媽
Jinan 媽, 媽媽, 娘むすめ
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 媽
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 嬤
Wanrong (Ronghe) 媽
Xi'an 媽
Xining 阿媽あま, 媽媽, 姆媽
Xuzhou 媽媽, 娘むすめ, 大だい兒こ
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 媽
Lanzhou 媽, 老ろう媽
Ürümqi 老ろう娘むすめ
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 媽媽, 媽
Wuhan 姆媽, 媽媽, 老ろう娘むすめ, 黎はじむ山やま老ろう slang, 孟子もうし見み dated slang
Guiyang 媽, 老ろう媽 humorous
Kunming 媽媽
Liuzhou 媽, 阿媽あま, 娘むすめ老ろう, 老ろう媽子
Mae Salong (Lancang) 阿媽あま, 媽媽
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 媽
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 媽, 姆媽, 娘むすめ, 吾われ媽
Yangzhou 媽媽, 姆媽, 老ろう娘むすめ
Nantong 娘むすめ嬭
Hefei 媽, 媽爺
Cantonese Guangzhou 老母ろうぼ, 阿媽あま
Hong Kong 老母ろうぼ, 老ろう媽子, 阿媽あま, 媽咪, 媽媽, 媽打
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 老母ろうぼ, 阿おもね奶
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 阿媽あま, 媽
Macau 老母ろうぼ
Guangzhou (Panyu) 老母ろうぼ
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 老母ろうぼ
Guangzhou (Conghua) 老母ろうぼ
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 老母ろうぼ
Foshan 老母ろうぼ
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 老母ろうぼ
Foshan (Shunde) 老母ろうぼ
Foshan (Sanshui) 老母ろうぼ
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 老母ろうぼ, 母親ははおや
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 老母ろうぼ
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 老母ろうぼ
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 老母ろうぼ
Zhuhai (Doumen) 老母ろうぼ
Jiangmen (Baisha) 老母ろうぼ
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 老母ろうぼ
Taishan 老母ろうぼ, 媽
Kaiping (Chikan) 老母ろうぼ
Enping (Niujiang) 老母ろうぼ
Heshan (Yayao) 老母ろうぼ
Dongguan 阿媽あま, 阿おもね奶, 阿おもね姐あね, 老母ろうぼ, 老ろう乸 Changping, 媽媽 childish, 媽咪 childish
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 老母ろうぼ
Shaoguan 老母ろうぼ
Yunfu 老母ろうぼ
Yangjiang 阿おもね奶
Xinyi 老母ろうぼ
Nanning 媽, 老ろう乸
Hepu (Lianzhou) 俺おれ乸
Beihai 老ろう奶
Beihai (Nankang) 阿おもね娘むすめ
Beihai (Yingpan) 老ろう媽, 阿おもね嬸
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 老ろう媽子
Singapore (Guangfu) 老母ろうぼ, 阿媽あま
Gan Nanchang 姆媽, 娘むすめ
Lichuan 娘むすめ, 家母かぼ
Pingxiang 姆媽, 娘むすめ老子ろうし
Hakka Meixian 阿おもね姆, 阿媽あま, 哀あい仔こ
Xingning 哀あい哩まいる, 阿媽あま
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 阿おもね奶
Huidong (Daling) 阿おもね姆, 媽
Dongguan (Qingxi) 阿おもね姆
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 阿おもね姆
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 阿おもね姆
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 阿おもね嫲, 阿おもね娘むすめ, 阿おもね姆
Wuhua (Huacheng) 阿おもね嫲, 阿おもね娘むすめ, 阿おもね姆, 哀あい哩まいる
Wuhua (Changbu) 阿媽あま, 阿おもね姆
Wuhua (Mianyang) 阿おもね娘むすめ
Wuhua (Meilin) 阿おもね嫲
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 哀あい子こ
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 阿おもね姆
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 阿おもね姆
Changting 哀あい哩まいる
Wuping 哀あい哩まいる
Wuping (Pingyu) 哀あい子こ
Liancheng 哀あい
Ninghua 姆媽
Ruijin 哀あい, 乳ちち子こ
Shicheng 哀あい
Shangyou (Shexi) 姐あね佬
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 哀あい仔こ
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 哀あい仔こ
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 哀あい仔こ
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 哀あい
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 哀あい仔こ
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 哀あい
Hong Kong 阿おもね姆
Singkawang 哀あい
Huizhou Jixi 姆, 娘むすめ
Jin Taiyuan 媽媽, 媽
Xinzhou 波なみ, 波なみ波は
Northern Min Jian'ou 奶
Eastern Min Fuzhou 娘むすめ嬭
Fuqing 娘むすめ嬭
Matsu 娘むすめ嬭
Southern Min Xiamen 老母ろうぼ, 娘むすめ嬭, 阿おもね娘むすめ
Xiamen (Tong'an) 老母ろうぼ
Quanzhou 老母ろうぼ, 阿おもね娘むすめ
Jinjiang 老母ろうぼ
Zhangzhou 老母ろうぼ, 娘むすめ嬭, 豬母 humorous
Taipei 老母ろうぼ
New Taipei (Sanxia) 老母ろうぼ
Kaohsiung 老母ろうぼ
Yilan 老母ろうぼ
Changhua (Lukang) 老母ろうぼ
Taichung 老母ろうぼ, 媽媽
Tainan 老母ろうぼ
Hsinchu 老母ろうぼ
Kinmen 老母ろうぼ, 俺おれ母はは
Penghu (Magong) 老母ろうぼ
Penang (Hokkien) 老母ろうぼ
Singapore (Hokkien) 老母ろうぼ
Manila (Hokkien) 老母ろうぼ
Chaozhou 阿おもね嬡
Shantou 嬡, 母はは, 阿おもね嬡, 阿おもね姈, 阿おもね母はは
Shantou (Chenghai) 嬡, 母はは
Haifeng 媽, 媽媽
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 阿媽あま, 媽
Singapore (Teochew) 母はは, 老母ろうぼ
Leizhou 嬭, 母はは, 尼あま母はは, 尼あま姨 dated, 尼あま嫂あによめ dated
Haikou 母はは
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 老母ろうぼ, 媽媽, 媽咪
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 媽, 老ろう娘むすめ, 嫂あによめ, 嬸, 阿おもね媼おうな dated
Binyang 母親ははおや, 嬸
Wu Shanghai 娘むすめ
Shanghai (Chongming) 娘むすめ
Suzhou 娘むすめ, 姆媽
Danyang 媽, 娘むすめ
Hangzhou 姆媽, 媽媽, 娘むすめ
Ningbo 阿おもね娘むすめ, 老ろう娘むすめ
Wenzhou 阿媽あま, 阿おもね奶, 奶
Jinhua 娘むすめ
Xiang Changsha 媽媽, 娘むすめ, 姆媽, 娘むすめ老子ろうし
Loudi 依よ爺じい, 姆媽, 娘むすめ, 娘むすめ老子ろうし
Shuangfeng 姆媽, 娘むすめ
Hengyang 娘むすめ, 娘むすめ老ろう倌, 娘むすめ老ろう倌子

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (母はは):
  • → Vietnamese: mẫu (母はは)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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母はは

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Usage notes

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In isolation, the character 母はは has 5 strokes in modern Japanese – it is not simplified. In shinjitai compound characters, such as 毎まい or 海うみ, it is simplified to 4 strokes, as 毋. In hyōgaiji characters such as 姆, however, the component is not simplified.

Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
母はは
はは
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.

/haha/: */papa/ → /fafa/ → /fawa/ → /fafa/ → /haha/.

Medial /f/ [ɸ] regularly changes to /w/ [ɰᵝ], resulting in /fawa/ → /hawa/, the expected final form; see hawa below. This form first appears in the Heian period. However, likely due to spelling influence or reduplication associations, the earlier /fafa/ resurfaced in the late 16th century towards the end of the Muromachi period, with both forms seen until recent times, when hawa falls into disuse.[1] Initial /f-/ [ɸ] regularly becomes [h], resulting in modern [ha̠ha̠].

Pronunciation

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Noun

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母はは(はは) • (haha) ←はは (fafa)?

  1. mother
    織お(お)田た(だ)信しん(のぶ)長なが(なが)の母はは(はは)は謎なぞ(なぞ)が多おお(おお)い。
    Oda Nobunaga no haha wa nazo ga ōi.
    Oda Nobunaga's mother was a mysterious woman.
Usage notes
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  • This term conveys neither positive nor negative connotations. However, using it to describe someone the speaker knows personally is often considered lacking respect, where more polite forms like お母はは(かあ)さん (okāsan) are preferred.
  • This term is sometimes used in objective narrations, but for this purpose, 母はは(はは)親おや(おや) (hahaoya) is more common.
Coordinate terms
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Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
母はは
はわ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, the phonologically expected development. See etymology for haha above for details.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ha̠βべーた̞a̠]

Noun

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母はは(はわ) • (hawa) ←はは (fafa)?

  1. (humble) mother
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 213:
      Faua. ハワ (母はは) 母親ははおや.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 196:
      Fafa. l, faua. ハハ. または、ハワ(母はは) 母はは.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 71:
      Caca. カカ (かか) Faua (母はは)に同おなじ. 母はは. これは子供こどもの言葉ことばである. また、尊敬そんけいすべき婦人ふじん、あるいは、年長ねんちょうで一家いっかの主婦しゅふのような婦人ふじんの意いに取とられる.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 60:
      Bogui. ボギ (母はは儀ぎ) Faua (母はは)に同おなじ. 母はは.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
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Obsolete in mainstream Japanese. May persist in dialects.

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
母はは
は
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Possibly an abbreviation of haha, or possibly the original form.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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母はは(は) • (ha) 

  1. (obsolete) mother
    • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 116:
      母はは 尔雅云うん、母はは爲ため妣、卑履反はん、去聲きょしょう之の重おも、和名わみょう波は々、日本にっぽん紀き私記しき云うん、以路波なみ
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
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Not found in isolation, only found in compounds. Obsolete and unused in modern Japanese.

Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
母はは
あも
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Obsolete and unused in modern Japanese. Already falling into disuse by the writing of the Man'yōshū in 759, where it is only found in pieces written in eastern dialects.[1] Possibly cognate with Korean 엄마 (eomma, “mother”), 어머니 (eomeoni, “mother”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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母はは(あも) • (amo) 

  1. (obsolete) mother
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4376:
      多た妣由岐尓 由よし久ひさ等とう之の良りょう受弖 阿おもね母はは志こころざし々尓 己おのれ等とう麻あさ乎佐受弖 伊い麻あさ叙じょ久ひさし夜よる之の氣き
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4377:
      阿おもね母はは刀自とじ母はは 多麻たま尓母賀が母はは夜よる 伊い多た太ふとし伎弖 美都みと良りょう乃奈可か尓 阿おもね敝麻可か麻あさ久ひさ母はは
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4378:
      都みやこ久ひさ比ひ夜よる波なみ 須具波は由よし氣き等とう毛げ 阿おもね母はは志こころざし々可か 多麻たま乃須我わが多た波なみ 和わ須例西奈にしな布ぬの母はは
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4383:
      都と乃久尓乃 宇美うみ能のう奈伎佐さ尓 布ぬの奈餘曽比そび 多た志こころざし埿毛等とう伎尓 阿おもね母はは我わが米べい母はは我わが母はは
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 5

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Kanji in this term
母はは
おも
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Obsolete and unused in modern Japanese. Appears to be an alteration from amo above.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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母はは(おも) • (omo) 

  1. (obsolete) mother
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4386:
      和かず加か々都と乃 以都母はは等とう夜よる奈枳 以都母はは々々々 於母加古かこ比ひ須々 奈理麻あさ之の都と之の母はは
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4401:
      可か良りょう己おのれ呂りょ武たけ 須宗尓等里さと都と伎 奈苦古こ良りょう乎 意い伎弖曽そ伎怒也 意い母はは奈之尓志弖
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4402:
      知ち波は夜よる布留ふる 賀が美び乃美のみ佐賀さが尓 奴やつ佐さ麻お都と里さと 伊い波布はぶ伊能いのう知とも波なみ 意い毛げ知ち々我わが多米ため
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. a woman who breastfeeds and raises a child in place of a parent: a wet nurse
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 6

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Kanji in this term
母はは
かか
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Unknown. One theory holds that this is a corrupted and abbreviated form of 御ご方様かたさま (okatasama), a term to refer to or address someone else's wife (now extremely formal, but much more everyday in the Edo period), possibly influenced by children's speech:

/okatasama/ → /katasama/ → /kakasama/ → /kaka/

Pronunciation

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Noun

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母はは(かか) • (kaka) 

  1. (childish) mommy, mummy
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 71:
      Caca. カカ (かか) Faua (母はは)に同おなじ. 母はは. これは子供こどもの言葉ことばである. また、尊敬そんけいすべき婦人ふじん、あるいは、年長ねんちょうで一家いっかの主婦しゅふのような婦人ふじんの意いに取とられる.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. (obsolete) wife
    Seen in the Edo period among the lower socioeconomic classes. Used to refer both to one's own wife when talking to others, and to refer to someone else's wife.[1]
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 7

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Kanji in this term
母はは
かあ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Alteration of kaka[1]: /kaka/ → /-kka/ → /kaː/

Pronunciation

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Noun

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母はは(かあ) • (kā) 

  1. mother
Usage notes
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Almost never seen in isolation. Most commonly seen with honorific prefix o- and honorific suffix -san, as お母はは(かあ)さん (okāsan).

Derived terms
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Derived terms
  • 母はは(かあ)さん (kāsan) (informal form of address; would only be used when addressing one's own mother)
  • 母はは(かあ)ちゃん (kāchan) (childish, informal form of address; used when addressing one's own mother)
  • お母はは(かあ) (okā) (informal form of address; would only be used when addressing one's own mother)
  • お母はは(かあ)さん (okāsan) (most common term; could be used to address or refer to one's own mother, or to refer to someone else's mother)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語こくご大だい辞典じてん（新装しんそう版ばん） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語にほんご発音はつおんアクセント辞典じてん [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 母はは (MC muwX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 무ᇢ〯 (Yale: mwǔw)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 어〮미〮 (Yale: émí) 모〯 (Yale: mwǒ)

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mo̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [모(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

母はは (eumhun 어미 모 (eomi mo))

  1. hanja form? of 모 (“mother”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [3]

Old Japanese

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 母はは (MC muwX).

Phonogram

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母はは (mo2)

  1. Denotes phonographic syllable mo2.

Further reading

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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母はは: Hán Việt readings: mẫu[1][2]
母はは: Nôm readings: mẫu[1][2][3][4], mẹ[5]

  1. chữ Hán form of mẫu (“mother”).

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Trần (2004).
  3. ^ Bonet (1899).
  4. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  5. ^ Hồ (1976).
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