卻

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See also: 却, 郤, and 㕁
卻 U+537B, 卻
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-537B
← 卺
[U+537A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 卼 →
[U+537C]

Translingual

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Japanese 却
Simplified 却
Traditional 卻

Han character

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卻 (Kangxi radical 26, 卩+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 金口きんぐち尸しかばね中ちゅう (CRSL), four-corner 87620, composition ⿰谷たに卩(GHTKV) or ⿰𧮫卩(J))

Derived characters

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  • 却 (Preferred form used in mainland China and Japan)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 159, character 28
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2867
  • Dae Jaweon: page 365, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 317, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+537B

Chinese

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trad. 卻
simp. 却
alternative forms
㕁
𨚫
郤
⿰厺卩
⿰谷たに卪
㕁
𨚫
郤
⿰厺卩
⿰谷たに卪
𲆕
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 卻
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (郤) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
腳 *kaɡ
脚あし *kaɡ
卻 *kaɡ, *kʰaɡ
却 *kʰaɡ
谻 *kraɡ, *kraɡ
郤 *kʰraɡ
綌 *kʰraɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *kaɡ, *kʰaɡ) : phonetic 𧮫 () + semantic 卩.

Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • qieh4 - vernacular;
  • qyeh4 - literary.
Rime
Character 卻 卻
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲こえ) 見み (28) 溪けい (29)
Final (韻いん) 藥くすり (107) 藥くすり (107)
Tone (調しらべ) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open Open
Division (等ひとし) III III
Fanqie 居きょ勺しゃく切きり 去さ約やく切きり
Baxter kjak khjak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨɐk̚/ /kʰɨɐk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kiɐk̚/ /kʰiɐk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiɑk̚/ /kʰiɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kɨak̚/ /kʰɨak̚/
Li
Rong 		/kiak̚/ /kʰiak̚/
Wang
Li 		/kĭak̚/ /kʰĭak̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ki̯ak̚/ /kʰi̯ak̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jue que
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		goek3 hoek3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 卻
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		què
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khjak ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ʰak/
English decline, refuse

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 卻 卻
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 10739 10740
Phonetic
component 		郤 郤
Rime
group 		鐸 鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		腳
Old
Chinese 		/*kaɡ/ /*kʰaɡ/

Definitions

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卻

  1. to withdraw; to retreat
    退すさ卻／退すさ却  ―  tuìquè  ―  to retreat
  2. (literary) to drive back (enemy)
    卻敵てき／却敌  ―  quèdí  ―  to drive back an enemy
  3. to decline; to refuse
    推卻／推却  ―  tuīquè  ―  to decline
  4. (particle placed after monosyllabic verbs) to do away with
    忘卻／忘却  ―  wàngquè  ―  to forget
    了りょう卻／了りょう却  ―  lequè  ―  to end
  5. (only sentence-medially) but; yet; however
    簡單かんたん卻有效ゆうこう的てき方法ほうほう [MSC, trad.]
    简单却有效ゆうこう的てき方法ほうほう [MSC, simp.]
    jiǎndān què yǒuxiào de fāngfǎ [Pinyin]
    simple yet effective way
    我わが喜き歡你，卻不ふ敢表ひょう達たち。 [MSC, trad.]
    我わが喜き欢你，却不ふ敢表おもて达。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ xǐhuān nǐ, què bùgǎn biǎodá. [Pinyin]
    I love you, but I do not have the courage to express it.

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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卻

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. Alternative form of 却 (“instead; on the contrary”)

Readings

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Korean

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Hanja

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卻 (eum 각 (gak))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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卻: Hán Nôm readings: khước

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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