喪も

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See also: 丧
喪も U+55AA, 喪
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-55AA
← 喩たとえ
[U+55A9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 喫 →
[U+55AB]

Translingual

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Han character

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喪も (Kangxi radical 30, 口くち+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土ど口口くちぐち女おんな (GRRV), four-corner 40732, composition ⿱⿻土ど吅⿰𠄌⿺乀丿(GJKV) or ⿸⿱⿻土ど吅𠄌⿺乀丿(HT))

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 200, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3985
  • Dae Jaweon: page 421, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 650, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+55AA

Chinese

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trad. 喪も
simp. 丧
alternative forms
䘮
𠸶
𠷔
𡂤
𡂧
䘮
𠸶
𠷔
𡂤
𡂧
𡴧
𦦦
𡚏
𦦭
𦱺
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 喪も
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (亡ほろび) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
忙せわし *maːŋ
芒すすき *maːŋ, *maŋ
茫 *maːŋ
恾 *maːŋ
吂 *maːŋ, *maːŋs
汒 *maːŋ, *maŋs
朚 *maːŋ, *hmaːŋ, *maŋ, *mraːŋ, *mraːŋs
邙 *maːŋ, *maŋ
杗 *maːŋ, *maŋ
荒あら *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs
肓 *hmaːŋ
衁 *hmaːŋ
巟 *hmaːŋ
詤 *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ
慌 *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ
謊 *hmaːŋʔ
喪も *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ
亡ほろび *maŋ
望もち *maŋ, *maŋs
莣 *maŋ
朢 *maŋ, *maŋs
鋩 *maŋ
硭 *maŋ
忘 *maŋ, *maŋs
网 *mlaŋʔ
罔 *mlaŋʔ
蛧 *maŋʔ
網あみ *mlaŋʔ
輞 *maŋʔ
棢 *maŋʔ
惘 *maŋʔ
菵 *maŋʔ
誷 *maŋʔ
魍 *maŋʔ
妄 *maŋs
盲めくら *mraːŋ
蝱 *mraːŋ
虻あぶ *mraːŋ
氓 *mraːŋ
甿 *mraːŋ

Originally ideogrammic compound (會意かいい／会意かいい) and phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ) : phonetic 桑くわ (OC *sŋaːŋ, “mulberry tree”) + semantic 㗊 (“many mouths”). The number of mouths frequently varied. Sometimes 走はし (“run”) was included as a semantic component, and later 亡ほろび (OC *maŋ, “die”) was added as a phonetic (and also possibly semantic) component.

In the seal script became ideogrammic compound (會意かいい／会意かいい) and phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ) : semantic 哭 (“cry”) + phonetic 亡ほろび (OC *maŋ, “die”), from which the modern form derives.

Compare 咢 and 噩, which may be derived from or originally the same character as 喪も.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (“not”). Cognate with 亡ほろび (OC *maŋ, “to disappear”). The level-toned pronunciation has a nominal prefix *s-, lit. "circumstances associated with disappearance (death)", whereas the departing-toned pronunciation has a formally identical causative prefix *s- and an exoactive suffix *-s, lit. "to cause to disappear".

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • song - literary;
  • sng - vernacular.
Rime
Character 喪も
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲こえ) 心しん (16)
Final (韻いん) 唐とう (101)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) I
Fanqie 息いき郎ろう切きり
Baxter sang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/saŋ/
Li
Rong 		/sɑŋ/
Wang
Li 		/sɑŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/sɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		sāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		song1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 喪も
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		sāng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-mˁaŋ/
English mourning, burial

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 喪も
Reading # 2/2
No. 12661
Phonetic
component 		亡ほろび
Rime
group 		陽ひ
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		桑くわ
Old
Chinese 		/*smaːŋ/

Definitions

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喪も

  1. mourning; funeral ceremony
  2. corpse; dead body
  3. misfortune; misadventure
  4. to mourn; to be in mourning
  5. to grieve over the death of

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (喪も):
  • → Japanese: 喪も(そう) (sō)
  • → Korean: 상(喪も) (sang)
  • → Vietnamese: tang (喪も)

Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 喪も
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲こえ) 心しん (16)
Final (韻いん) 唐とう (101)
Tone (調しらべ) Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) I
Fanqie 蘇そ浪なみ切きり
Baxter sangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sɑŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sɑŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/saŋH/
Li
Rong 		/sɑŋH/
Wang
Li 		/sɑŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/sɑŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		sàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		song3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 喪も
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		sàng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sangH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-mˁaŋ-s/
English lose; destroy

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 喪も
Reading # 1/2
No. 12660
Phonetic
component 		亡ほろび
Rime
group 		陽ひ
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		喪も
Old
Chinese 		/*smaːŋs/
Notes 說せつ文ぶん從したがえ亡ほろび亡ほろび亦また聲こえ，
甲きのえ文ぶん借か桑くわ字じ金きむ文ぶん始はじめ加か亡ほろび

Definitions

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喪も

  1. to forfeit; to lose; to be deprived of
  2. to die; to pass away
  3. to be defeated; to be destroyed; to perish
  4. to escape; to flee
  5. to forget; to fail to remember
  6. to be discouraged; to lose heart
  7. (Hong Kong Cantonese) wildly; extremely

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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喪も

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. mourning
  2. loss

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
喪も
も
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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喪も(も) • (mo) 

  1. mourning
  2. calamity; misfortune

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
喪も
そう
Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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喪も(そう) • (sō) ←さう (sau)?

  1. mourning

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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喪も • (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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喪も: Hán Nôm readings: tang, táng, tảng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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