哭
|
Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]哭 (Kangxi radical 30,
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №25
Descendants
[edit]Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 190, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3658
- Dae Jaweon: page 410, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 629, character 2
- Unihan data for U+54ED
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
哭 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 𠴃 𡘜 |
Glyph origin
[edit]In oracle bone inscriptions, ideogrammic compound (
Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as a phono-semantic compound (
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kuːk (“to weep; to wail”); cognate with Mizo kûk (“to shriek”) (STEDT).
This seems to be an area word; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kuk ~ kuuk ~ kuək ~ kək (“to call”), Proto-Austronesian *-kuk (“sound of a sob”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ku2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): кў (kw, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): kuh6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): kueh4
- Northern Min (KCR): kŭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): kók
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7khoq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ku6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ku
- Wade–Giles: kʻu1
- Yale: kū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ku
- Palladius: ку (ku)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ku2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ku
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: кў (kw, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: huk1
- Yale: hūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: huk7
- Guangdong Romanization: hug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hʊk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: huuk2 / huuk1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɵk̚⁵⁵/, / hɵk̚³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: kuh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰuʔ⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khuk
- Hakka Romanization System: kugˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kug5
- Sinological IPA: /kʰuk̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: kueh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰuəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kók
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰouʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- khàu - vernacular;
- khok - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 哭 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /kʰu⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /kʰu⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /kʰu²¹/ | |
Jinan | /kʰu²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /kʰu⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /kʰu²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /kʰu²¹/ | |
Xining | /kʰv̩⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /kʰu¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /kʰu¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /kʰu²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /kʰu²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /kʰu³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /kʰu²¹/ | |
Kunming | /kʰu³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /kʰuʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /kʰuəʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /kʰuəʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /kʰuʌʔ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /kʰuəʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /kʰoʔ⁵/ |
Suzhou | /kʰoʔ⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /kʰoʔ⁵/ | |
Wenzhou | /kʰu²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /kʰuʔ²¹/ |
Tunxi | /kʰu⁵/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /kʰu²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /kʰu²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /kʰuʔ⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /kʰuk̚¹/ |
Taoyuan | /kʰuk̚²²/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hok̚⁵/ |
Nanning | /huk̚⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /huk̚⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰɔk̚³²/ /kʰau¹/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰouʔ²³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰu²⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰau²¹³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /xau³⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: khuwk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤok/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋ̊ʰoːɡ/
Definitions
[edit]哭
Synonyms
[edit]- 咧咧 (liēlie) (dialectal, of a child)
- 哭泣 (kūqì)
- 哭訴/哭诉 (kūsù) (to recount tearfully)
- 哭鼻
子 (kū bízi) (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial, often humorous) 啜 氣 /啜 气 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)啜 泣 (chuòqì)- 啼 (tí) (literary, or in compounds)
- 啼哭 (tíkū) (to cry loudly)
- 嗆/呛 (Hokkien)
嗚咽 /呜咽 (wūyè)大 哭 (dàkū) (to weep loudly)忽 喇 (hueh4 ci1) (Jin)- 抽咽 (chōuyè)
- 抽噎 (chōuyē)
- 抽搭 (chōuda) (colloquial)
- 抽泣 (chōuqì)
- 泣 (literary, or in compounds)
流 淚 /流 泪 (liúlèi) (to shed tears)流 眼 淚 /流 眼 泪 (liú yǎnlèi) (to shed tears)痛哭 (tòngkū) (to cry bitterly)號 哭/号 哭 (háokū) (to wail)號 啕/号 啕 (háotáo) (to cry loudly)飲 泣/饮泣 (yǐnqì) (literary, to weep in silence)
Compounds
[edit]一家 哭一路 哭乾 哭/干 哭乾 啼濕哭/干 啼湿哭五 子 哭墳/五 子 哭坟代 哭助 哭卒 哭反 哭哀 哭 (āikū)- 哭主
- 哭哭啼啼 (kūkutítí)
- 哭喊
- 哭喪
棒 /哭丧棒 (kūsāngbàng) - 哭喪棍/哭丧棍
- 哭喪
着 臉/哭丧着 脸 - 哭喪臉/哭丧脸
- 哭喪
著 臉/哭丧著 脸 (kūsāng zhe liǎn) - 哭嚎
- 哭天抹淚/哭天抹泪
- 哭奠
- 哭嫁 (kūjià)
- 哭庭
- 哭廟/哭庙
- 哭昭
陵 - 哭枵 (Hokkien)
- 哭泣 (kūqì)
- 哭爸 (Min Nan)
- 哭爸哭母 (Min Nan)
- 哭牆/哭墙 (Kūqiáng)
- 哭秦
庭 - 哭窮/哭穷 (kūqióng)
- 哭窮
途 /哭穷途 - 哭竹
- 哭竹
棒 - 哭笑
不 得 (kūxiàobùdé) - 哭臨/哭临
- 哭號/哭号
唐 衢痛哭 - 哭訴/哭诉 (kūsù)
- 哭調/哭调
- 哭踊
- 哭雨
風 /哭雨风 - 哭靈/哭灵 (kūlíng)
- 哭鬧/哭闹 (kūnào)
- 哭鳥/哭鸟
- 哭鼻
子 (kū bízi) 喪 哭/丧哭- 啼哭 (tíkū)
- 啼哭
郎 君 - 啼啼哭哭
- 啼天哭地
- 嚎哭 (háokū)
- 嚎啕
大 哭 - 嚎啕
痛哭 大 哭 (dàkū)大 哭一場 /大 哭一场崩 城 之 哭巷 哭弔 哭/吊 哭- 悲哭
慟哭 /恸哭 (tòngkū)慟哭 流涕 /恸哭流涕 懸 壺 代 哭/悬壶代 哭抱 頭 大 哭/抱 头大哭抱 頭 痛哭 /抱 头痛哭 (bàotóutòngkū)撫 哭/抚哭撫 尸 慟哭 /抚尸恸哭放 聲 大 哭/放 声 大 哭 (fàngshēng dà kū)晝 吟 宵 哭/昼 吟 宵 哭- 楊朱哭/杨朱哭
欲 哭無淚 /欲 哭无泪 (yùkūwúlèi)歌 哭- 歎哭/叹哭
止 哭歸 哭/归哭死 爹哭媽/死 爹哭妈- 泣哭
- 潑哭潑鬧/泼哭泼闹
濕 哭乾啼/湿 哭干啼牛 衣 夜 哭狼 號 鬼哭 /狼 号 鬼哭 生 哭人痛哭 (tòngkū)痛哭 失 聲 /痛哭 失 声 痛哭 流涕 (tòngkūliútì)神 嚎鬼哭 神 愁鬼哭 神 母 夜 哭神 號 鬼哭 /神 号 鬼哭 秦 庭 之 哭窮 途 之 哭/穷途之 哭節 哭/节哭絕 哭/绝哭號 咷痛哭 /号 咷痛哭 號 哭/号 哭 (háokū)號 啕大哭/号 啕大哭號 啕痛哭 /号 啕痛哭 號 天 哭地/号 天 哭地號 天 大 哭/号 天 大 哭行 哭行 號 巷 哭/行 号 巷 哭街 號 巷 哭/街 号 巷 哭- 袒哭
西台 痛哭 西臺 痛哭 /西台 痛哭 見 哭興悲/见哭兴悲- 貓哭
老 鼠 /猫 哭老鼠 - 貓哭耗子/
猫 哭耗子 送 哭邪 哭野 祭 巷 哭長 哭/长哭長歌 當 哭/长歌当 哭 (chánggēdàngkū)- 陪哭
驚 哭/惊哭鬼哭 天 愁鬼哭 狼 嗥 (guǐkūlángháo)鬼哭 狼 嚎 (guǐkūlángháo)鬼哭 狼 號 /鬼哭 狼 号 鬼哭 神 嚎鬼哭 神 愁鬼哭 神 號 /鬼哭 神 号 鬼哭 神 驚 /鬼哭 神 惊鬼哭 粟 飛 /鬼哭 粟 飞鬼 夜 哭鳥 哭猿啼/鸟哭猿 啼
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “哭”, in
漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 哭 (MC khuwk).
- Recorded as Middle Korean 콕〮 (Yale: khwók) in Dongguk Jeongun (
東國 正 韻 / 동국정운), 1448. - Recorded as Middle Korean 곡〮 (kwók) (Yale: kwók) in Hunmong Jahoe (
訓蒙 字 會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ko̞k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [곡]
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (
國際 退 溪 學會 大邱 慶 北 支部 ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子 字典 . [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]哭: Hán Nôm readings: khốc, khóc
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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