クリミア・カライム人じん

Crimean Karaites
къарайлар, karajlar
	19世紀せいきのクリミア半島くりみあはんとうの伝統でんとう的てきな衣装いしょうを着きたカライム人じんの男性だんせい。
総そう人口じんこう
	≈2,500
ウクライナ (クリミア含ふくむ)	1,196
クリミア	715
イスラエル	~500
ポーランド	346
リトアニア	241
ロシア	205
言語げんご
	カライム語ご, リトアニア語ご, ポーランド語ご, ロシア語ご, ルーマニア語ご
宗教しゅうきょう
	ユダヤ教きょうカライ派は, キリスト教きりすときょう

クリミア・カライム人じん（Crimean KaraitesまたはKrymkaraylar）は、カライム語ごを話はなすテュルク系けい民族みんぞくである。

起源きげん[編集へんしゅう]

チュルク語ごを話はなすカライム人じんは、何なに世紀せいきにもわたってクリミアに住すんできた。その起源きげんは大おおきな論争ろんそうの的てきである。ほとんどの現代げんだい科学かがく者しゃ^[9]^[10]は、彼かれらをクリミアに定住ていじゅうし、キプチャクの言語げんごを採用さいようしたカライ派はユダヤ人じんの子孫しそんと見みなしている。一方いっぽうで、彼かれらをカライ派はユダヤ教きょうに改宗かいしゅうしたハザール人じん、クマン人じんまたはキプチャクの子孫しそんと見みなしている人ひともいる^[11]。多おおくのクリミア・カライ人じんはセム族ぞく（ユダヤ人じん）の起源きげん説せつを拒否きょひしており、ハザール人じんの子孫しそんであると認識にんしきしている^[12]。ハザールの歴史れきしの専門せんもん家かの中なかには、カライムのハザール起源きげん説せつに疑問ぎもんを呈ていする人ひともいる^[13]^[14]。

脚注きゃくちゅう[編集へんしゅう]

^ 1,196 Karaites in the Ukraine as a whole (including the Crimea) Распределение населения по национальности и родному языку УКРАИНА Distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue, Ukraine (Russian language version)
^ Population in Autonomous Republic of the Crimea = 671, population in Sevastopol city council area = 44. 671+44 = 715. Распределение населения по национальности и родному языку, Автономная Республика Крым (Distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue, Autonomous Republic of the Crimea )
Распределение населения по национальности и родному языку, Г.Севастополь (горсовет) (Distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue, Sevastopol city council)
^ The Karaites of Galicia : an ethnoreligious minority among the Ashkenazim, the Turks, and the Slavs, 1772-1945. Brill. (2008). ISBN 978-90-47-44288-2
^ Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno-społeczna.Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011.
^ “Gyventojai pagal tautybę, gimtąją kalbą ir tikybą”. Statistics Lithuania. 2015年ねん1月がつ9日にち閲覧えつらん。
^ Russian Census 2010: Population by ethnicity Archived April 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. (ロシア語ご)
^ Album "Archive of the Dmitri Penbeck’s family" – compiled by V. Penbek — Simferopol-Slippery Rock, 2004. — C. 24
^ Кропотов В. С. Военные традиции крымских караимов — Симферополь, 2004. — C. 75
^ "The first direction that dominates present-day scientific circles says the Karaites are Jews both in the religious and the ethnic respect. Representatives of the second direction claim that ethnically Karaites are not Jewish but descendants of the Khazars, Polovets, and other Turkic nations. In the opinion of the followers of this theory, the Karaites have their own religion based upon ancient Turkic beliefs that have only indirect relation to Judaism. …" T.Schegoleva Karaites of Crimea: History and Present-Day Situation in Community
^ "The second avenue of approach, which, due to the specificity of the activities of Karaite community, is mostly supported by researchers in Eastern Europe, is related with the transformation of Karaite identity. Researchers tend to accept the theory of Karaite Khazarian origins, and apply it in their studies.Because of its limitations — the critical application of this approach to the Karaites history before the 20th c. is logically almost impossible — the Karaite studies are not sufficiently developed in this region. And in the last decades this approach attracts even less adherents — with an exception of more of descriptive nature, journalistic initiatives, which are supported by Lithuanian Karaite community. While the Khazarian approach is rather critically assessed by the academic community» Dovile Troskovaite.Identity in Transition: The Case of Polish Karaites in the first half of the 20th century.//University of Klaipeda (Lithuania) 2013 p. 210
^ See e.g Inscription in Khazarian Rovas script
^ Blady, Ken. Jewish Communities in Exotic Places. Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson Inc., 2000. pp. 115–130.
^ Golden, Peter B. (2007a). "Khazar Studies: Achievements and Perspectives". In Golden, Peter B.; Ben-Shammai, Haggai; Róna-Tas, András (eds.). The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Vol. 17. BRILL. pp. 7–57. ISBN 978-9-004-16042-2. 2013年ねん2月がつ13日にち閲覧えつらん。 ,p.9
^ Brook, Kevin Alan. The Jews of Khazaria. 3rd ed. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2018. p. 211–213, 215–216.

この項目こうもくは、東ひがしヨーロッパに関連かんれんした書かきかけの項目こうもくです。この項目こうもくを加筆かひつ・訂正ていせいなどしてくださる協力きょうりょく者しゃを求もとめています（ウィキプロジェクト東ひがしヨーロッパ / Portal:ヨーロッパ）。

[ukrcensus_all_Ukraine-1] 1,196 Karaites in the Ukraine as a whole (including the Crimea) Распределение населения по национальности и родному языку УКРАИНА Distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue, Ukraine (Russian language version)

[ukrcensus_Crimea-2] Population in Autonomous Republic of the Crimea = 671, population in Sevastopol city council area = 44. 671+44 = 715. Распределение населения по национальности и родному языку, Автономная Республика Крым (Distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue, Autonomous Republic of the Crimea )
Распределение населения по национальности и родному языку, Г.Севастополь (горсовет) (Distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue, Sevastopol city council)

[3] The Karaites of Galicia : an ethnoreligious minority among the Ashkenazim, the Turks, and the Slavs, 1772-1945. Brill. (2008). ISBN 978-90-47-44288-2

[4] Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno-społeczna.Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011.

[5] “Gyventojai pagal tautybę, gimtąją kalbą ir tikybą”. Statistics Lithuania. 2015年ねん1月がつ9日にち閲覧えつらん。

[6] Russian Census 2010: Population by ethnicity Archived April 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. (ロシア語ご)

[7] Album "Archive of the Dmitri Penbeck’s family" – compiled by V. Penbek — Simferopol-Slippery Rock, 2004. — C. 24

[8] Кропотов В. С. Военные традиции крымских караимов — Симферополь, 2004. — C. 75

[9] "The first direction that dominates present-day scientific circles says the Karaites are Jews both in the religious and the ethnic respect. Representatives of the second direction claim that ethnically Karaites are not Jewish but descendants of the Khazars, Polovets, and other Turkic nations. In the opinion of the followers of this theory, the Karaites have their own religion based upon ancient Turkic beliefs that have only indirect relation to Judaism. …" T.Schegoleva Karaites of Crimea: History and Present-Day Situation in Community

[10] "The second avenue of approach, which, due to the specificity of the activities of Karaite community, is mostly supported by researchers in Eastern Europe, is related with the transformation of Karaite identity. Researchers tend to accept the theory of Karaite Khazarian origins, and apply it in their studies.Because of its limitations — the critical application of this approach to the Karaites history before the 20th c. is logically almost impossible — the Karaite studies are not sufficiently developed in this region. And in the last decades this approach attracts even less adherents — with an exception of more of descriptive nature, journalistic initiatives, which are supported by Lithuanian Karaite community. While the Khazarian approach is rather critically assessed by the academic community» Dovile Troskovaite.Identity in Transition: The Case of Polish Karaites in the first half of the 20th century.//University of Klaipeda (Lithuania) 2013 p. 210

[11] See e.g Inscription in Khazarian Rovas script

[12] Blady, Ken. Jewish Communities in Exotic Places. Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson Inc., 2000. pp. 115–130.

[13] Golden, Peter B. (2007a). "Khazar Studies: Achievements and Perspectives". In Golden, Peter B.; Ben-Shammai, Haggai; Róna-Tas, András (eds.). The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Vol. 17. BRILL. pp. 7–57. ISBN 978-9-004-16042-2. 2013年ねん2月がつ13日にち閲覧えつらん。 ,p.9

[14] Brook, Kevin Alan. The Jews of Khazaria. 3rd ed. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2018. p. 211–213, 215–216.

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典拠てんきょ管理かんりデータベース
国立こくりつ図書館としょかん	チェコ 2
その他た	現代げんだいウクライナ百科ひゃっか事典じてんウクライナ・インターネット百科ひゃっか事典じてん