氢
![本页使用了标题或全文手工转换](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png)
氢原
16
氢气
性 质[编辑]
氢在
燃 烧[编辑]
![倒挂著的黑色杯状物喷出蓝光](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Shuttle_Main_Engine_Test_Firing_cropped_edited_and_reduced.jpg/170px-Shuttle_Main_Engine_Test_Firing_cropped_edited_and_reduced.jpg)
氢气
- kJ (286 kJ/mol)[
注 2]
氢气与
H2
电子能 级[编辑]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Hydrogen_atom.svg/220px-Hydrogen_atom.svg.png)
氢
形 态[编辑]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Liquid_hydrogen_bubblechamber.jpg/170px-Liquid_hydrogen_bubblechamber.jpg)
化合 物 [编辑]
共 价及有 机 化合 物 [编辑]
虽然
氢和碳
氢化物 [编辑]
含氢
几乎
质子与 酸 [编辑]
氢在氧化
质子
。此时
为了避免认为
同位 素 [编辑]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hydrogen_discharge_tube.jpg/220px-Hydrogen_discharge_tube.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Deuterium_discharge_tube.jpg/220px-Deuterium_discharge_tube.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Protium.svg/170px-Protium.svg.png)
氢有三种天然同位素,
- 氕()
是 最 常 见的氢同位 素 ,丰度高 于99.98%。氕原子 不 含中子 ,只 含一个质子和一个电子。[42] - 氘(,
符号 为)是 氢的另一种稳定同位素,其原 子 核 含有 一个质子和一个中子。宇宙 中 几乎所有 的 氘皆是 在 大 爆 炸中 形成 的 ,残留 至 今 。氘无放射 性 ,亦 无毒性 。含氘的 水分 子 称 为重水 。氘以及含氘的化合 物 可 以在化学 实验及氕核 磁共振 波 谱法溶剂中 ,作 为非放射 性 标识。[43]在 核 反 应炉中 ,重水 是 一 种中子 减速剂和 冷却 剂。氘也有 潜 力 成 为商业核 聚变反 应的燃料 。[44] - 氚(,
符号 为)的 原子核 含有 一个质子和两个中子。氚具有 放射 性 ,会 β 衰 变成 氦-3,半 衰 期 为12.32年 。[36]它的放射 性 可用 于发光颜料,例 如夜光 钟表等 (表面 玻璃 可 阻挡其辐射 )。[45]因 为宇宙 射 线和大 气气体 的 相互 作用 会 造成 核 嬗变,再 加 上 多 次 核 武器 试验的 辐射性 微 尘,所以 自然 界 中 存在 少量 的 氚。[46]氚的应用包括 :核 聚变反 应、[47]同位 素 地球 化学 示 踪剂[48]以及自 发光照明 器材 ,[49]并可在 化学 和 生物 学 实验中 用作 放射 性 标识。[50]
氢是
历史[编辑]
发现及使用 [编辑]
1671
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Antoine-Laurent_Lavoisier_%28by_Louis_Jean_Desire_Delaistre%29RENEW.jpg/180px-Antoine-Laurent_Lavoisier_%28by_Louis_Jean_Desire_Delaistre%29RENEW.jpg)
1898
1783
1919
1937
1977
量子 理 论[编辑]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Emission_spectrum-H.svg/500px-Emission_spectrum-H.svg.png)
氢是
反物 质[编辑]
分布 [编辑]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nursery_of_New_Stars_-_GPN-2000-000972.jpg/220px-Nursery_of_New_Stars_-_GPN-2000-000972.jpg)
氢是
自然 形成 与 实验制 备[编辑]
蒸 汽重整 [编辑]
热化学 反 应[编辑]
无氧腐蚀作用 [编辑]
磁铁矿晶
蛇 纹石化 反 应[编辑]
变压器 [编辑]
应用[编辑]
氢气
生物 过程[编辑]
安全 [编辑]
氢 | |
---|---|
![]() | |
危险 | |
GHS危险![]() | |
GHS |
Danger |
H-术语 | H220 |
P-术语 | P202, P210, P271, P403, P377, P381[83] |
NFPA 704 | |
氢在
氢的许多
注 释[编辑]
参 见[编辑]
参考 文献 [编辑]
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延伸 阅读[编辑]
关于Hydrogen |
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- Scerri, Eric. The Periodic System, Its Story and Its Significance. New York: Oxford University Press. 2007. ISBN 0-19-530573-6.
外部 链接[编辑]
元素 氢在洛 斯阿拉 莫斯国家 实验室 的 介 绍(英文 )- EnvironmentalChemistry.com —— 氢(
英文 ) 元素 氢在 The Periodic Table of Videos(诺丁汉大学 )的 介 绍(英文 )元素 氢在Peter van der Krogt elements site的 介 绍(英文 )- WebElements.com – 氢(
英文 ) - Basic Hydrogen Calculations of Quantum Mechanics(
量子力学 有 关氢原子 的 基 础计算 ) - Hydrogen (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) at The Periodic Table of Videos(诺丁汉大学 ) - High temperature hydrogen phase diagram (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆)(高温 氢相图) - Wavefunction of hydrogen (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆)(氢原子 的 波 函数 )
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1 | H | He | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | Li | Be | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | Na | Mg | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr | |||||||||||||||||||
5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe | |||||||||||||||||||
6 | Cs | Ba | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn | |||||
7 | Fr | Ra | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og | |||||