铌
铌的
铌直
历史
[编辑]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Charles_Hatchett.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sommer%2C_Giorgio_%281834-1914%29_-_n._2990_-_Niobe_madre_-_Firenze.jpg/110px-Sommer%2C_Giorgio_%281834-1914%29_-_n._2990_-_Niobe_madre_-_Firenze.jpg)
1801
1864
1864
命名
[编辑]“Columbium”(钶,
性 质
[编辑]物理 性 质
[编辑]铌是一种带光泽的灰色
Z | ||
---|---|---|
23 | 钒 | 2, 8, 11, 2 |
41 | 铌 | 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 |
73 | 钽 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2 |
105 | 𬭊 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 11, 2(预测) |
铌在
铌对于热
化学 性 质
[编辑]铌的电正
同位 素
[编辑]存 量
[编辑]生 产
[编辑]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/World_Niobium_Production_2006.svg/300px-World_Niobium_Production_2006.svg.png)
开采
- Ta2O5 + 14 HF → 2 H2[TaF7] + 5 H2O
- Nb2O5 + 10 HF → 2 H2[NbOF5] + 3 H2O
让-
- H2[NbOF5] + 2 KF → K2[NbOF5]↓ + 2 HF
- 2 H2[NbOF5] + 10 NH4OH → Nb2O5↓ + 10 NH4F + 7 H2O
从
- 3 Nb2O5 + Fe2O3 + 12 Al → 6 Nb + 2 Fe + 6 Al2O3
截至2013
2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
160 | 230 | 290 | 230 | 200 | 200 | 200 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
![]() |
30,000 | 22,000 | 26,000 | 29,000 | 29,900 | 35,000 | 40,000 | 57,300 | 58,000 | 58,000 | 58,000 | 58,000 |
![]() |
2,290 | 3,200 | 3,410 | 3,280 | 3,400 | 3,310 | 4,167 | 3,020 | 4,380 | 4,330 | 4,420 | 4,400 |
![]() |
? | 50 | 50 | 13 | 52 | 25 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
![]() |
? | ? | 5 | 34 | 130 | 34 | 29 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
![]() |
35 | 30 | 30 | 190 | 170 | 40 | 35 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
![]() |
28 | 120 | 76 | 22 | 63 | 63 | 80 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
32,600 | 25,600 | 29,900 | 32,800 | 34,000 | 38,700 | 44,500 | 60,400 | 62,900 | 62,900 | 62,900 | 63,000 |
化合 物
[编辑]铌在很多
虽然铌可以
氧化物 及硫化物
[编辑]铌的氧化
4离子。[39]其他
卤化物
[编辑]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Niobium_pentachloride.jpg/180px-Niobium_pentachloride.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Niobium-pentachloride-from-xtal-3D-balls.png/180px-Niobium-pentachloride-from-xtal-3D-balls.png)
铌可以
5)
5H
5)
2NbCl
2)
4)
铌的卤化
- Nb2Cl10 + 2 Cl− → 2 [NbCl6]−
铌还
氮化物 及碳化物
[编辑]氮化铌(NbN)
应用
[编辑]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Niobium_metal.jpg/220px-Niobium_metal.jpg)
经估计,
钢铁生 产
[编辑]铌是
高温 合金
[编辑]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Apollo_CSM_lunar_orbit.jpg/220px-Apollo_CSM_lunar_orbit.jpg)
C-103
铌基合金
[编辑]C-103
超 导磁铁
[编辑]铌锗(Nb
3Ge)、铌锡(Nb
3Sn)
其他超 导应用
[编辑]汉堡
其他用途
[编辑]电瓷
[编辑]铌酸锂
医用 和 首 饰
[编辑]铌和
钱币
[编辑]其他
[编辑]铌(
安全
[编辑]铌
参考 资料
[编辑]- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 (
英 语). - ^ Arblaster, John W. Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. 2018. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
- ^
科学 家 经光谱学在 高温 下 发现NbCl,见:Ram, R.S.; Rinskopf, N.; Liévin, J.; Bernatha, P.F. Fourier transform emission spectroscopy and ab initio calculations on NbCl (PDF). Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. 2004, 228 (2): 544–553. Bibcode:2004JMoSp.228..544R. doi:10.1016/j.jms.2004.02.001. (原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2014-02-28). - ^
PubChem Open Chemistry Database, Niobium,
美国 国家 生物 技 术信息 中心 , 1995 [2015-05-15], (原始 内容 存 档于2015-05-17) - ^ By Christopher Brooks, The periodic table: how elements get their names, 14 November 2013
- ^
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- ^
美国 专利5254836 (于1993年 10月 19日 注 册 )Okada, Yuuji; Kobayashi, Toshihiko; Sasabe, Hiroshi; Aoki, Yoshimitsu; Nishizawa, Makoto; Endo, Shunji——Method of arc welding with a ferrite stainless steel welding rod。 - ^ Moavenzadeh, Fred. Concise Encyclopedia of Building and Construction Materials. MIT Press. 1990-03-14: 157– [2012-02-18]. ISBN 978-0-262-13248-0. (
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外部 链接
[编辑]元素 铌在洛 斯阿拉 莫斯国家 实验室 的 介 绍(英文 )- EnvironmentalChemistry.com —— 铌(
英文 ) 元素 铌在 The Periodic Table of Videos(诺丁汉大学 )的 介 绍(英文 )元素 铌在Peter van der Krogt elements site的 介 绍(英文 )- WebElements.com – 铌(
英文 ) - Los Alamos National Laboratory – Niobium (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆)(洛 斯阿拉 莫斯国家 实验室 ﹣铌) - Tantalum-Niobium International Study Center (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆)(国 际钽铌研究 中心 ) - Niobium for particle accelerators eg ILC. 2005铌用于
粒子 加速器 ,国 际直线对撞机,2005年
Columbium. Encyclopædia Britannica (
- Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M. (编). Columbium.
新国 际百科 全 书 (第 1版 ). 纽约: Dodd, Mead. 1905.
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