討論
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See also: 讨论
Chinese
[edit]ask for; send punitive expedition; to demand ask for; send punitive expedition; to demand; to marry |
to talk (about); to discuss; theory to talk (about); to discuss; theory; by the; per; the Analects (of Confucius) | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. ( |
討 | ||
simp. (讨论) | 讨 | 论 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tou2 leon6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thó-lun
- Eastern Min (BUC): tō̤-lâung
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5thau-len
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄠˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tǎolùn
- Wade–Giles: tʻao3-lun4
- Yale: tǎu-lwùn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taoluenn
- Palladius: таолунь (taolunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: tou2 leon6
- Yale: tóu leuhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: tou2 loen6
- Guangdong Romanization: tou2 lên6
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰou̯³⁵ lɵn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thó-lun
- Hakka Romanization System: to` lun
- Hagfa Pinyim: to3 lun4
- Sinological IPA: /tʰo³¹ lun⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tō̤-lâung
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰo³³⁻⁵⁵ l̃ɑuŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: thawX lwon|lwonH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ʰˤuʔ [r]ˤu[n]|[r]ˤu[n]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tʰuːʔ ruːn|ruːns/
Verb
[edit]- to discuss; to talk over
- (literary, of texts) to edit critically; to examine and rectify a text
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐyuē: “Wéi mìng: Píchén cǎochuàng zhī, Shìshū tǎolùn zhī, xíngrén Zǐyǔ xiūshì zhī, Dōnglǐ Zǐchǎn rùnsè zhī.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "In preparing the governmental notifications, Pi Chen first made the rough draft; Shi Shu examined and discussed its contents; Zi Yu, the manager of foreign intercourse, then polished the style; and, finally, Zi Chan of Dong Li gave it the proper elegance and finish."
子 曰:「為 命 :裨諶草創 之 ,世 叔討論 之 ,行人 子 羽 修飾 之 ,東 里 子 產 潤色 之 。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]子 曰:「为命 :裨谌草 创之 ,世 叔讨论之 ,行人 子 羽 修 饰之 ,东里 子 产润色之 。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: c. 4th century, "Pseudo-Kong Anguo" (
偽 孔 安國 ), Preface to the Book of Documents (《尚書 序 》). English translation based on the text by James Legge (1879). - Tǎolùn Fén Diǎn, duàn zì Tángyú yǐ xià qì yú Zhōu. [Pinyin]
- [He] examined and arranged the old literary monuments and records, deciding to commence with Tang and Yu, and to come down to the times of Zhou.
討論 墳 典 ,斷 自 唐 虞 以下 訖於周 。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
讨论坟典 ,断 自 唐 虞 以下 讫于周 。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: c. 4th century, "Pseudo-Kong Anguo" (
- (literary) to study; to investigate; to research
Synonyms
[edit]- (to discuss):
交涉 (jiāoshè)傾 /倾 (king1) (Cantonese, informal)協商 /协商 (xiéshāng)協議 /协议 (xiéyì)口語 /口 语 (kǒuyǔ) (archaic)商 榷 (shāngquè) (chiefly in an academic context)商 討/商 讨 (shāngtǎo)商談 /商 谈 (shāngtán)商議 /商 议 (shāngyì)商量 (shāngliang)接 接 (Hokkien)接 洽 (jiēqià) (formal)會談 /会 谈 (huìtán)槌 摃鐵/槌 𫼱铁 (Hokkien)比 接 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)洽 商 (qiàshāng)洽 談 /洽 谈 (qiàtán)申 論 /申 论 (shēnlùn)研究 (yánjiū)- 磋商 (cuōshāng) (formal)
- 磋議/磋议 (cuōyì)
磨 合 (móhé) (figurative)觸 牙 /触 牙 (Hokkien)言說 /言 说 (yánshuō) (formal)言論 /言 论 (yánlùn)言辭 /言辞 (yáncí) (literary)計 謀 /计谋 (jìmóu) (literary)計 議 /计议 (jìyì) (literary)計 較/计较評 /评 (píng) (literary, or in compounds)評論 /评论 (pínglùn)說 /说說 合 /说合 (shuōhé)談判 /谈判 (tánpàn)談論 /谈论 (tánlùn)謀 慮 /谋虑 (móulǜ) (literary)議 /议 (yì)議論 /议论 (yìlùn)錦 議 /锦议 (Hokkien)- 闡論/阐论 (chǎnlùn) (literary)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
討 | |
とう Grade: 6 |
ろん Grade: 6 |
on’yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]Verb
[edit]討
- to debate
- to discuss
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "討論 する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | とうろんし | tōron shi | ||
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | とうろんし | tōron shi | ||
Shūshikei ("terminal") | とうろんする | tōron suru | ||
Rentaikei ("attributive") | とうろんする | tōron suru | ||
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | とうろんすれ | tōron sure | ||
Meireikei ("imperative") | とうろんせよ¹ とうろんしろ² |
tōron seyo¹ tōron shiro² | ||
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | とうろんされる | tōron sareru | ||
Causative | とうろんさせる とうろんさす |
tōron saseru tōron sasu | ||
Potential | とうろんできる | tōron dekiru | ||
Volitional | とうろんしよう | tōron shiyō | ||
Negative | とうろんしない | tōron shinai | ||
Negative continuative | とうろんせず | tōron sezu | ||
Formal | とうろんします | tōron shimasu | ||
Perfective | とうろんした | tōron shita | ||
Conjunctive | とうろんして | tōron shite | ||
Hypothetical conditional | とうろんすれば | tōron sureba | ||
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Synonyms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK
日本語 発音 アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
討 |
Noun
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
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討 |
Verb
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