茅茅起義（英語：Mau Mau Uprising、Mau Mau Revolt），又译矛矛起义、毛毛起义、茂茂起义，英國稱為肯尼亚紧急状态（Kenya Emergency）、茅茅叛乱（ Mau Mau Rebellion），在英國殖民政府時期，肯尼亚於1952年至1960年間，發生的军事冲突。[B]举事的反殖民主义团体称为茅茅，成员多是基庫尤人。与之对抗的是英军与当地亲英武装。[1][7]
今人并不清楚“茅茅”一词的来由。根据一些茅茅成员的说法，他们从不会自称为“茅茅”成员，只会自称为“肯尼亚國土自由军”戰士（Kenya Land and Freedom Army，简称为KLFA）。[13]一些书籍，如弗雷德·马奇德拉尼（Fred Majdalany）的紧急状态：茅茅全史（State of Emergency: The Full Story of Mau Mau）称“茅茅”是“Uma Uma”（意为滚、滚）的变形词，除此之外，这还是一个军事隐语，来自基庫尤男童在他们进行割礼时游玩的一个语言游戏。马奇德拉尼进一步指出，英国人在不清楚这一词语的意思的情况下，就为基庫尤人贴上“茅茅”的标签。[14]
历史学家Wunyabari O. Maloba写道：“毫无疑问，茅茅起義是非洲最近发生的事件中最重要的事件。”[27]但另一位历史学家[谁？]则认为，Maloba等人的研究“不加筛选地吸收茅茅战争的宣传”，并指出他们的研究与早期对茅茅的“简单”研究的相似之处。[28][28]而这些早期的研究，就是将茅茅战争定义为一场双极性的、“在反殖民主义者与殖民主义者之间爆发”的冲突。[28]卡罗林·埃尔金斯（Caroline Elkins）在2005年进行的研究，也有类似言论，批评Maloba等人的研究太过主观。[29][30]
^ 5.05.15.2Anderson (2005)[錨點失效], p. 4. "Much of the struggle tore through the African communities themselves, an internecine war waged between rebels and so-called 'loyalists'—Africans who took the side of the government and opposed Mau Mau."
^The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Army (1994) p. 346
^The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Army (1994) p. 350
^Percox, David A. Kenya: Mau Mau Revolt. Shillington, Kevin (编). Encyclopedia of African History, Volume 1, A–G. New York: Fitzroy Dearborn: 751–752. 2005. ISBN 1-57958-245-1. The Mau Mau revolt forced the British government to institute political and economic reforms in Kenya
^Mau Mau uprising: Bloody history of Kenya conflict. BBC News. 2011-04-07 [2011-05-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-22）. There was lots of suffering on the other side too. This was a dirty war. It became a civil war—though that idea remains extremely unpopular in Kenya today.
^Füredi (1989)[錨點失效], p. 4–5 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "Since they were the most affected by the colonial system and the most educated about its ways, the Kikuyu emerged as the most politicized African community in Kenya."
^Berman (1991)[錨點失效], p. 196. "The impact of colonial capitalism and the colonial state hit the Kikuyu with greater force and effect than any other of Kenya's peoples, setting off new processes of differentiation and class formation."
While David Elstein regards the "requirement" for the "great majority of Kikuyu" to live inside 800 "fortified villages" as "serv[ing] the purpose of protection", Professor David Anderson (amongst others) regards the "compulsory resettlement" of "1,007,500 Kikuyu" inside what, for the "most" part, were "little more than concentration camps" as "punitive . . . to punish Mau Mau sympathisers". See Elstein's "Daniel Goldhagen and Kenya: recycling fantasy" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） and Anderson (2005)[錨點失效], p. 294.
^Ogot (2005)[錨點失效], p. 502. "There was no reason and no restraint on both sides, although Elkins sees no atrocities on the part of Mau Mau."
^Pirouet. Armed Resistance and Counter-Insurgency: Reflections on the Anya Nya and Mau Mau Experiences. Mazrui, Ali A (编). The Warrior Tradition in Modern Africa. 1977: 197.
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
