父ちち

See also: 乂

父ちち U+7236, 父 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7236 ← 爵 [U+7235] CJK Unified Ideographs 爷 → [U+7237]

⽗ U+2F57, ⽗ KANGXI RADICAL FATHER ← ⽖ [U+2F56] Kangxi Radicals ⽘ → [U+2F58]

Translingual

Traditional	父ちち
Simplified	父ちち
Japanese	父ちち
Korean	父ちち

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

父ちち (Kangxi radical 88, 父ちち+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 金きむ大まさる (CK), four-corner 8040₀, composition ⿱八はち乂(GHJTV) or ⿱八はち⿻乀丿(K))

1. Kangxi radical #88, ⽗.

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/父ちち
• 𠇑, 㕮, 𡵛, 㳇, 𣏤, 蚥, 𨊽, 䭸, 𫙉, 𩵹(𩽻), 𨚅, 𨾝, 𩾿
• 𠛈, 𫷁, 斧おの, 𭷕, 𤤎, 𤱇, 𧉊, 釜がま, 𬥐, 𨥏, 𮮕, 𫇫, 𢨰, 𠀱, 𤱀, 𩂎

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 690, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19721
• Dae Jaweon: page 1103, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2039, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7236

Further reading

• 父ちち on Wikidata.Wikidata

Chinese

simp. and trad.		父ちち
alternative forms		𠇑

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 父ちち
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (父ちち) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
抪	*paː, *paːs
布ぬの	*paːs
佈	*paːs
怖こわ	*pʰaːs
斧おの	*paʔ
父ちち	*paʔ, *baʔ
蚥	*paʔ, *baʔ
滏	*baʔ
釜がま	*baʔ

Pictogram (象形しょうけい) – A hand holding a stone, referring to a man working with a stone axe.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p/ba (“male; father”).

Regular development from Middle Chinese would lead to the labiodental fù in Mandarin, but the colloquial word resisted the sound changes and is now written as 爸 (bà), with the 巴ともえ (bā) phonetic component added to it to indicate the unchanged bilabial initial.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): fù (fu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fu⁴

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фу (fu, III)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fu⁶
• Gan (Wiktionary): fu⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fu⁴

• Northern Min (KCR): hū
• Eastern Min (BUC): hâu / hô
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hū / hǔ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hu⁶ / bê⁶

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶vu
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fu⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fù
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fù
    • Wade–Giles: fu⁴
    • Yale: fù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
    • Palladius: фу (fu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: fu⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu²¹³/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фу (fu, III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fou⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fu⁶
    • Yale: fuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fu⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: fu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: fu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu
    • Hakka Romanization System: fu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fu⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fu⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hū
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hâu / hô
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɑu²⁴²/, /hou²⁴²/

Note: hô - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hū
    • Tâi-lô: hū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hu
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hu²²/
    • IPA (Jinjiang): /hu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hu³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǔ
    • Tâi-lô: hǔ
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hu²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hu⁶ / bê⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭ / pĕ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu³⁵/, /pe³⁵/

Note:

• hu6 - literary;
• bê6 - semantic (original character is 爸).

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁶vu
    • MiniDict: vu^去さ
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³vu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vu²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /vu²³¹/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: fu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸu⁴⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: bjuX

Rime
Character	父ちち
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲こえ)	並なみ (3)
Final (韻いん)	虞おそれ (24)
Tone (調しらべ)	Rising (X)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Closed
Division (等ひとし)	III
Fanqie	扶雨あめ切きり
Baxter	bjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨoX/
Pan Wuyun	/bioX/
Shao Rongfen	/bioX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buə̆X/
Li Rong	/bioX/
Wang Li	/bĭuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fu6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[N-p](r)aʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*baʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	父ちち
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fù
Middle Chinese	‹ bjuX ›
Old Chinese	/*[N-p](r)aʔ/
English	father
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	父ちち
Reading #	2/2
No.	3504
Phonetic component	父ちち
Rime group	魚さかな
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	父ちち
Old Chinese	/*baʔ/

Definitions

父ちち

1. father

   父ちち親おや／父ちち亲  ―  fùqīn  ―  (formal) father

   父ちち母はは  ―  fùmǔ  ―  parents; father and mother

   父ちち子こ  ―  fùzǐ  ―  father and son

   父ちち女おんな  ―  fùnǚ  ―  father and daughter

   父ちち輩やから／父ちち辈  ―  fùbèi  ―  one's father's generation

   家いえ父ちち  ―  jiāfù  ―  (humble) my father

   生せい父ちち  ―  shēngfù  ―  biological father

   養やしなえ父ちち／养父ちち  ―  yǎngfù  ―  adoptive father

   繼つぎ父ちち／继父ちち  ―  jìfù  ―  stepfather

   天てん父ちち  ―  tiānfù  ―  (Christianity) Heavenly Father

   國くに父ちち／国くに父ちち  ―  guófù  ―  father of a nation; (specifically) Father of the Republic (Sun Yat-sen)

   雜交ざっこう水稻すいとう之これ父ちち／杂交水稻すいとう之これ父ちち  ―  zájiāo shuǐdào zhī fù  ―  (specifically) Father of Hybrid Rice (Yuan Longping)

   Antonym: 母はは (mǔ)

2. Used to address a male elder member of a family.

   祖そ父ちち  ―  zǔfù  ―  paternal grandfather (one's father's father)

   伯はく父ちち  ―  bófù  ―  paternal uncle (father's elder brother)

   叔父ちち  ―  shūfù  ―  paternal uncle (father's younger brother)

   岳たけ父ちち  ―  yuèfù  ―  father-in-law (wife's father)

   舅しゅうと父ちち  ―  jiùfù  ―  maternal uncle (mother's brother)

   姨父ちち  ―  yífù  ―  maternal uncle (husband of mother's sister)

   姑しゅうと父ちち  ―  gūfù  ―  paternal uncle (husband of father's sister)

   Antonym: 母はは (mǔ)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 爸爸 (“dad”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		父ちち, 爺じい, 嚴いむ honorific
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		父親ちちおや
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	爸爸, 爸, 爹, 父親ちちおや, 老頭兒ろーとる
	Taiwan	爸爸, 爸
	Chengde	爸爸
	Chifeng	爸爸
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	爸爸
	Heihe	父親ちちおや, 爸爸
	Qiqihar	爸爸
	Harbin	爸爸, 爸, 爹, 父親ちちおや
	Jiamusi	父親ちちおや, 爸爸
	Baicheng	父親ちちおや, 爸爸, 爹
	Changchun	爸爸, 爸, 爹
	Tonghua	爸爸, 爹
	Shenyang	爸爸, 父親ちちおや, 爹, 阿おもね瑪 dated, Manchus
	Jinzhou	父親ちちおや, 爸爸, 爸, 爹
	Malaysia	爸爸, 爸, 爹哋
	Singapore	爸爸, 爸, 老ろう爸 <>
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	爸爸, 老ろう爸, 爹
	Tangshan	父親ちちおや, 爸爸, 爹
	Cangzhou	爸爸, 爹, 伯はく
	Baoding	爸爸
	Shijiazhuang	爸爸, 爹
	Lijin	爹
	Jinan	爸爸, 爹, 大だい Hui, 大だい大だい Hui
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	爸爸
	Dandong	父親ちちおや, 爸爸, 爸, 爹
	Yantai	爹
	Yantai (Muping)	爹, 爸爸
	Qingdao	爸爸, 爹
	Zhucheng	大だい大だい, 爺じい, 爸爸
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	爹, 爸爸
	Lingbao	爹, 大だい
	Jining	爸爸, 大だい
	Wanrong	爸, 爹
	Linfen	爸
	Shangqiu	爸爸, 爹, 大だい
	Yuanyang	父親ちちおや, 爸爸, 爹
	Zhengzhou	爹, 伯はく, 達いたる Hui or suburbs
	Xinyang	爸
	Baihe	父親ちちおや, 爹, 爸爸
	Xi'an	爸, 爸爸, 達いたる Hui
	Baoji	父親ちちおや, 爸, 爹, 伯はく
	Tianshui	爸爸, 大だい
	Xining	阿達あだち, 達いたる達たち, 爹
	Yanqi	爹, 達いたる達たち Hui, 阿達あだち Hui, 老ろう爹 <>
	Xuzhou	答こたえ答こたえ, 爸爸, 父親ちちおや
	Fuyang	父親ちちおや, 爹, 爸爸, 爸, 大だい大だい, 大だい
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	達いたる達たち, 達いたる, 阿達あだち
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	爹, 爸爸, 父親ちちおや
	Lanzhou	爹, 爸爸, 老子ろうし <>, 老ろう爹 <>, 父親ちちおや
	Dunhuang	大だい大だい, 爸, 爹爹
	Hami	大だい大だい
	Ürümqi	爸爸, 爹, 爹爹, 達いたる, 達いたる達たち, 阿達あだち Hui, 先人せんじん <>, 老ろう爹 <>, 達いたる當とう子こ <>
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	爸爸, 爸, 老頭兒ろーとる <>, 老ろう把わ子こ <>, 老ろう漢かん兒じ <>
	Nanchong	父親ちちおや, 爸爸
	Dazhou	爸爸, 爹
	Hanyuan	父親ちちおや, 爸爸, 爸爸
	Xichang	父親ちちおや, 爸爸
	Zigong	父親ちちおや, 大だい大だい, 爺じい, 爸爸, 爹
	Chongqing	老ろう漢かん兒じ, 爸爸
	Wuhan	爸爸, 爹 dated, 伯はく伯はく <>, dated, 老子ろうし <>, 老ろう頭あたま <>, 點頭てんとう磕 <>, dated, 父老ふろう二に <>, dated, casual, 八はち叉また <>, dated, slang, 父親ちちおや
	Xiangyang	父親ちちおや, 爸爸, 伯はく伯はく
	Tianmen	父親ちちおや, 爸爸, 爹, 大だい大だい
	Guiyang	爸爸, 爹 dated, 老ろう爹 <>, 老ろう者しゃ <>, 老ろう者しゃ者しゃ <>
	Zunyi	爹, 爸爸
	Bijie	爸爸, 老ろう伯はく
	Liping	爹
	Zhaotong	爸爸, 爺じい爺じい, 大だい爹
	Dali	阿おもね爹
	Kunming	爸爸, 父親ちちおや, 爹
	Mengzi	爸爸
	Guilin	爸爸
	Liuzhou	爸, 阿おもね爸, 爹, 老ろう爹 <>, 爹老 <>, 爺じい老ろう <>, 老ろう頭あたま子こ <>
	Jishou	父親ちちおや, 爸爸, 爹
	Changde	爹
	Hanzhong	父親ちちおや, 爸爸
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	阿おもね爸, 阿おもね爹, 爸爸
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	爸, 爹, 爺じい
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	爹, 爸爸, 伯はく伯はく, 爹爹
	Yangzhou	爸爸, 爹爹, 老子ろうし <>, 父親ちちおや
	Lianyungang	父親ちちおや, 爸爸, 大だい大だい
	Lianshui	父親ちちおや, 爺じい
	Nantong	父ちち, 父ちち啊, 爸, 爸爸, 爺じい <>
	Anqing	父親ちちおや, 爸爸, 伯はく伯はく, 大だい大だい
	Wuhu	爸爸, 大だい大だい
	Hefei	伯はく伯はく, 爺じい
	Huanggang	伯はく
	Hong'an	父親ちちおや, 父ちち, 爸爸, 伯はく伯はく, 伯はく
Cantonese	Guangzhou	阿おもね爸, 爸爸, 爹哋, 老ろう豆まめ <>, 伯はく爺じい <>
	Hong Kong	阿おもね爸, 爸爸, 爸, 爹哋, 爸B, 老ろう豆まめ <>, 伯はく爺じい <>
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	阿おもね爸, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	爹, 阿おもね爸 <>, 爸 <>
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	爸爸
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	阿おもね爸
	Macau	阿おもね爸, 爹哋, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Guangzhou (Xinjiao, Haizhu)	爸爸, 阿おもね爸
	Guangzhou (Longxi, Liwan)	阿おもね叔, 阿おもね爸, 阿おもね大だい
	Guangzhou (Huangpu)	阿おもね叔, 阿おもね爸
	Guangzhou (Xinshi, Baiyun)	阿おもね叔, 阿おもね爸, 阿おもね大だい, 阿おもね伯はく
	Guangzhou (Shijing, Baiyun)	阿おもね叔, 阿おもね爸, 阿おもね哥
	Guangzhou (Jiangcun, Baiyun)	阿おもね叔, 阿おもね爸
	Guangzhou (Longgui, Baiyun)	阿おもね叔, 阿おもね爸
	Guangzhou (Renhe, Baiyun)	阿おもね叔
	Guangzhou (Zhuliao, Baiyun)	阿おもね叔, 阿おもね爸
	Guangzhou (Zhongluotan, Baiyun)	阿おもね叔
	Guangzhou (Jiufo, Huangpu)	阿おもね叔, 阿おもね哥
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	阿おもね爸, 爸爸, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	爸爸, 阿おもね叔 dated, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	阿おもね叔, 阿おもね伯はく, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	阿おもね爸, 爸爸, 阿おもね哥, 阿おもね叔, 奶公, 阿おもね爺じい, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Foshan	阿おもね爸, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	阿おもね叔, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Foshan (Shunde)	阿おもね爹, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Foshan (Sanshui)	阿おもね爸, 阿おもね爹, 老ろう豆まめ <>, 伯はく爺じい <>, dated
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	阿おもね爸, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	阿おもね爸, 老子ろうし <>, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Zhongshan (Huancheng)	阿おもね爸
	Zhongshan (Nanlang)	阿おもね爸
	Zhongshan (Xiaolan)	阿おもね爸, 阿おもね爹
	Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan)	阿おもね爸
	Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan)	阿おもね爸
	Zhongshan (Henglan)	阿おもね爸
	Zhongshan (Dongfeng)	阿おもね爸, 阿おもね爹
	Zhongshan (Nantou)	阿おもね爸, 阿おもね爹
	Zhongshan (Fusha)	阿おもね爸
	Zhongshan (Shalang)	阿おもね爸
	Zhongshan (Gangkou)	阿おもね爸
	Zhongshan (Huangpu)	阿おもね爸, 爸爸, 阿おもね爹
	Zhongshan (Sanjiao)	阿おもね大だい, 爸爸
	Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong)	阿おもね爸, 爸爸, 阿おもね爹
	Zhongshan (Minzhong)	阿おもね爸, 爸爸, 阿おもね爹
	Zhongshan (Guzhen)	阿おもね爹
	Zhongshan (Banfu)	阿おもね爸
	Zhongshan (Tanzhou)	阿おもね爸
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	阿おもね爸, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	阿おもね爸, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	阿おもね爸, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	阿おもね爸, 阿おもね爹, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	阿おもね爸, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Taishan	阿おもね爸, 阿おもね爹, 阿おもね爺じい, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Kaiping (Chikan)	阿おもね爹, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Enping (Niujiang)	阿おもね爹, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Heshan (Yayao)	阿おもね爸, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Dongguan	阿おもね爸, 阿おもね叔, 老ろう豆まめ <>, 爸爸 childish, 爹哋 childish, 爸B childish, 阿おもね大だい rare, 老子ろうし <>
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	阿おもね爸, 爸爸, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Shaoguan	老ろう豆まめ, 阿おもね爸
	Yunfu	老ろう豆まめ, 阿おもね爸
	Yangjiang	阿おもね爸, 阿おもね爹 <>, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Xinyi	老ろう豆まめ, 阿おもね爸
	Lianjiang	阿おもね爸, 老ろう豆まめ, 爸爸
	Lianjiang (Cheban)	阿おもね爸
	Wuchuan (Wuyang)	阿おもね爸
Wuchuan (Meilu)	老ろう豆まめ
Nanning	阿おもね爸, 爸, 老ろう豆まめ, 老ろう嘢 <>
Hepu (Lianzhou)	爸爸, 阿おもね叔, 叔公, 阿おもね哥, 俺おれ老子ろうし <>, 老ろう豆まめ <>
Hepu (Shatian)	爸爸, 阿おもね公おおやけ, 俺おれ公こう <>
Beihai	爸爸, 阿おもね叔, 老ろう豆まめ <>
Beihai (Nankang)	爸爸, 阿おもね叔, 老ろう豆まめ <>
Beihai (Yingpan)	阿おもね爸, 阿おもね叔, 阿おもね哥, 老ろう豆まめ <>
Danzhou	爺じい
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	老ろう豆まめ, 阿おもね爸, 爹哋, 老ろう頭あたま子こ <>
Singapore (Guangfu)	阿おもね爸, 爸爸, 老ろう豆まめ <>
Gan	Nanchang	爸爸, 爺じい, 老子ろうし <>, 爺じい老子ろうし <>
	Lichuan	爺じい, 伯はく伯はく, 家父かふ <>
	Pingxiang	爺じい爺じい, 爹爹, 爸爸, 爺じい老子ろうし <>
Hakka	Meixian	阿おもね爸, 爺じい仔こ <>
	Xingning	阿おもね爸
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	阿おもね爸, 爸爸, 老ろう豆まめ <>
	Huiyang	阿おもね爸
	Huidong (Daling)	阿おもね爸
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	阿おもね爸, 爸爸
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	阿おもね爸, 爸爸
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	阿おもね爸, 爺じい子こ <>
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	阿おもね爸
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	阿おもね爸
	Wuhua (Changbu)	阿おもね爺じい, 阿おもね爸
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	阿おもね爸
	Wuhua (Meilin)	阿おもね爸
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	阿おもね爸
	Wengyuan	阿おもね爸
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	阿おもね爸
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	阿おもね爸
	Liannan	爸
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	阿おもね爸, 父親ちちおや <>
	Jiexi	爺じい
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	阿おもね爸
	Changting	爹爹, 哥哥, 爹哩
	Wuping	阿おもね哥, 伯はく
	Wuping (Yanqian)	爺じい哩まいる
	Wuping (Pingyu)	爸
	Liancheng	伯はく
	Ninghua	哥哥, 爹
	Yudu	爸爸, 爺じい老ろう <>
	Ningdu	爹
	Ruijin	爹爹, 爹子
	Shicheng	爹, 爸爸
	Shangyou (Shexi)	爸爸
	Tonggu (Sandu)	爸爸
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	爸爸
	Dayu	爸爸, 爺じい爺じい
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	阿おもね爸, 爺じい仔こ <>
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	阿おもね爸, 爺じい仔こ <>
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	阿おもね爸, 爺じい仔こ <>
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	阿おもね爸
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	阿おもね爸, 爺じい仔こ <>
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	阿おもね怙, 阿おもね爺じい <>
	Hong Kong	阿おもね爸
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	老子ろうし
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	阿おもね爸
	Xinyi (Sihe)	阿おもね爸, 老子ろうし
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	阿おもね爸, 老ろう豆まめ
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	阿おもね爸
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	阿おもね叔, 阿おもね爹, 阿おもね哥, 阿おもね爸
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	老子ろうし
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	阿おもね爸
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	阿おもね爸
	Mengshan (Xihe)	爸, 哥
	Luchuan	阿おもね爸
	Sabah (Longchuan)	阿おもね爸
	Senai (Huiyang)	阿おもね爸
	Singkawang	阿おもね爸
Huizhou	Jixi	伯はく伯はく, 爹, 老子ろうし <>
	Shexian	伯はく, 爺じい, 相そう, 爸爸, 大だい
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	爹, 爺じい, 爸
	Xiuning	爺じい, 阿おもね爺じい
	Yixian	爹爹, 爸爸, 官かん人じん
	Qimen	爺じい兒じ, 伯はく兒じ
	Wuyuan	爸爸, 爺じい
Jin	Taiyuan	爸爸, 大だい大だい, 大だい, 爹, 老子ろうし <>
	Pingyao	爹
	Yangyuan	父親ちちおや, 爹, 爸爸, 爸
	Datong	父親ちちおや, 爸爸, 爹
	Xinzhou	大だい大だい, 大だい
	Lüliang (Lishi)	父親ちちおや, 爸爸, 爹, 老子ろうし
	Changzhi	爸爸, 爹
	Linhe	父親ちちおや, 爸爸, 大だい, 老子ろうし
	Jining	爸爸, 大だい
	Hohhot	父親ちちおや, 爸爸, 大だい, 老子ろうし
	Erenhot	父親ちちおや, 爸爸, 大だい
	Pingshan	爹
	Zhangjiakou	父親ちちおや, 爸爸, 爸, 爹, 大だい
	Handan	父親ちちおや, 爹
	Linzhou	爹
	Suide	爸爸, 老子ろうし
Northern Min	Jian'ou	爸爸, 爺じい爺じい dated, 爹 <>
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	依よ爹, 依よ爸, 依よ爺じい dated, 郎ろう爸 <>
	Fuqing	爸, 爸爸, 官かん, 阿おもね伯はく, 阿おもね哥, 阿おもね叔
	Matsu	依よ爹
	Singapore (Fuqing)	爸爸
Southern Min	Xiamen	阿おもね爸, 阿おもね叔 euphemistic, 老ろう爸 <>, 老ろう的てき <>, 娘むすめ爸 <>, dated
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	老ろう爸 <>, 俺おれ爸
	Quanzhou	阿おもね爸, 阿おもね叔 euphemistic, 老ろう爸 <>, 老ろう的てき <>
	Zhangzhou	阿おもね爸, 阿おもね官かん, 阿おもね叔 euphemistic, 老ろう爸 <>, 老ろう的てき <>, 娘むすめ爸 <>, dated
	Pinghe	娘むすめ爸 <>
	Zhao'an	爸, 老ろう大だい <>, 老ろう爸 <>
	Taipei	爸爸, 阿おもね爸, 老ろう爸 <>
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	老ろう歲とし仔こ, 老ろう的てき, 阿おもね爸, 老ろう爸 <>
	Kaohsiung	爸爸, 阿おもね丈たけ, 阿おもね爸, 阿おもね將はた, 老ろう爸 <>
	Yilan	阿おもね丈たけ, 阿おもね叔, 阿おもね爸, 老ろう爸 <>
	Changhua (Lukang)	阿おもね府ふ, 阿おもね爸, 老ろう爸 <>
	Taichung	爸爸, 老ろう爸 <>
	Tainan	多た桑くわ, 爸爸, 阿おもね叔, 阿おもね爸, 俺おれ二に仔こ, 俺おれ爹, 俺おれ爸, 老ろう爸 <>
	Hsinchu	阿おもね爹, 爸爸, 老ろう爸 <>
	Kinmen	俺おれ爹, 俺おれ爸
	Penghu (Magong)	阿おもね爸, 爹, 二に仔こ, 爸爸, 老ろう爸 <>
	Penang (Hokkien)	阿おもね爸, 爸, 爸爸, 老ろう爸 <>, 爹 <>, 老ろう的てき <>
	Singapore (Hokkien)	爸, 爸爸, 阿おもね爸, 老ろう爸 <>
	Manila (Hokkien)	爸爸, 爸, 阿おもね爸, 老ろう爸 <>
	Chaozhou	阿おもね爸, 阿おもね爹, 阿おもね父ちち <>, 父ちち <>
	Shantou	阿おもね爸, 阿おもね父ちち <>, 父ちち <>, 大人おとな <>, honorific
	Shantou (Chenghai)	阿おもね爸, 父ちち <>, 大人おとな <>, honorific
	Jieyang	阿おもね爸, 阿おもね父ちち, 阿おもね爹
	Haifeng	爸, 爸爸, 阿おもね爸, 父ちち, 爹
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	阿おもね爸, 爸爸, 阿おもね父ちち <>, 爸 <>
	Singapore (Teochew)	阿おもね父ちち, 父ちち <>
	Batam (Teochew)	阿おもね父ちち
	Leizhou	爸, 兄あに dated, 阿おもね dated, 尼あま父ちち <>, 父ちち <>, 尼あま阿おもね <>, dated
	Haikou	阿おもね爹, 阿おもね兄あに, 阿おもね官かん, 阿おもね爸, 爸 <>
Puxian Min	Putian	阿おもね爸, 郎ろう爸 <>
	Xianyou	郎ろう爸 <>
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	爸爸, 爹, 老子ろうし <>
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	爸, 數字すうじ, 數かず老ろう, 阿おもね叔 dated, 老子ろうし <>
Wu	Shanghai	爸爸, 老ろう爸, 爹爹 dated, 阿おもね伯はく dated
	Shanghai (Chongming)	爹爹, 阿おもね爹 uncommon, 爺じい, 爺じい爺じい
	Suzhou	爹爹
	Danyang	爹爹, 爹, 爸爸
	Hangzhou	爹, 阿おもね伯はく, 爸爸, 老子ろうし <>
	Ningbo	阿おもね伯はく, 爸爸, 爹 <>, 阿おもね爹 <>, 老ろう頭あたま子こ
	Wenzhou	阿おもね爸, 阿おもね伯はく, 阿おもね大だい
	Jinhua	伯はく伯はく, 爹爹, 爸爸
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	伯はく
Xiang	Changsha	爹爹, 爺じい爺じい, 爺じい, 爺じい老ろう倌 <>, 爺じい老子ろうし <>
	Loudi	爹爹, 爺じい老ろう倌 <>, 爺じい老子ろうし <>, 爺じい <>, 老人ろうじん家か <>
	Shuangfeng	爹爹, 爺じい
	Hengyang	爸爸 new-style, 爹爹 old style, 爺じい老子ろうし <>, 爺じい <>, 爺じい老ろう倌子 <>, 老子ろうし <>
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	大だい, 爹爹, 爸爸, 爺じい子こ <>, 大子だいご <>
Note	<> - non-face-to-face

Dialectal synonyms of 爸爸 (“father (non-face-to-face)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		父ちち, 爺じい, 嚴いむ honorific
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		父親ちちおや
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	爸爸, 爸, 爹
	Taiwan	爸爸, 爸
	Harbin	爸爸, 爸, 爹
	Shenyang	爸爸
	Singapore	爸爸, 老ろう爸
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	爸爸
	Jinan	爸爸, 爹, 大だい Hui, 大だい大だい Hui
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	爹, 爸爸
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	爹, 爸爸
	Wanrong	爸, 爹
	Xi'an	爸, 達いたる Hui
	Xining	阿達あだち, 達いたる達たち, 爹
	Yanqi	老ろう爹
	Xuzhou	答こたえ答こたえ, 爸爸, 老頭兒ろーとる, 老ろう頭あたま子こ
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	爹, 爸爸
	Lanzhou	爹, 爸爸, 老子ろうし, 老ろう爹
	Ürümqi	爸爸, 先人せんじん, 老ろう爹, 達いたる, 達いたる當とう子こ
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	爸爸, 爸, 老頭兒ろーとる, 老ろう把わ子こ, 老ろう漢かん兒じ
	Wuhan	爸爸, 老子ろうし, 老ろう頭あたま, 爹 dated, 伯はく伯はく dated, 點頭てんとう磕 dated, 父老ふろう二に dated, casual, 八はち叉また dated, slang
	Guiyang	爸爸, 老ろう爹, 老ろう者しゃ, 老ろう者しゃ者しゃ
	Kunming	爸爸
	Liuzhou	老ろう爹, 爹老, 爺じい老ろう, 老ろう頭あたま子こ
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	阿おもね爸, 阿おもね爹, 爸爸
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	爸, 爹, 爺じい
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	爹, 爸爸, 伯はく伯はく, 吾われ爹
	Yangzhou	爸爸, 爹爹, 老子ろうし
	Nantong	爺じい
	Hefei	伯はく伯はく
Cantonese	Guangzhou	老ろう豆まめ, 爸爸, 阿おもね爸, 伯はく爺じい
	Hong Kong	老ろう豆まめ, 爸爸, 阿おもね爸, 爹哋, 伯はく爺じい, 花はな打だ
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	阿おもね爸, 爸
	Macau	老ろう豆まめ
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	老ろう豆まめ
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	老ろう豆まめ
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	老ろう豆まめ
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	老ろう豆まめ
	Foshan	老ろう豆まめ
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	老ろう豆まめ
	Foshan (Shunde)	老ろう豆まめ
	Foshan (Sanshui)	老ろう豆まめ, 伯はく爺じい dated
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	老ろう豆まめ
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	老子ろうし, 老ろう豆まめ
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	老ろう豆まめ
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	老ろう豆まめ
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	老ろう豆まめ
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	老ろう豆まめ
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	老ろう豆まめ
	Taishan	老ろう豆まめ
	Kaiping (Chikan)	老ろう豆まめ
	Enping (Niujiang)	老ろう豆まめ
	Heshan (Yayao)	老ろう豆まめ
	Dongguan	老ろう豆まめ, 阿おもね爸, 老子ろうし, 爸爸 childish, 爹哋 childish, 爸B childish
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	老ろう豆まめ
	Yangjiang	阿おもね爹
	Nanning	爸, 老ろう豆まめ, 老ろう嘢
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	俺おれ老子ろうし, 老ろう豆まめ
	Hepu (Shatian)	俺おれ公こう
	Beihai	老ろう豆まめ
	Beihai (Nankang)	老ろう豆まめ
	Beihai (Yingpan)	老ろう豆まめ, 阿おもね爸
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	老ろう豆まめ
	Singapore (Guangfu)	老ろう豆まめ, 阿おもね爸
Gan	Nanchang	爸爸, 老子ろうし, 爺じい老子ろうし
	Lichuan	爺じい, 家父かふ
	Pingxiang	爺じい老子ろうし
Hakka	Meixian	阿おもね爸, 爺じい仔こ
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	老ろう豆まめ
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	阿おもね爸
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	阿おもね爸
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	爺じい子こ
	Wuhua (Meilin)	阿おもね爸
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	父親ちちおや
	Yudu	爺じい老ろう
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	阿おもね爸, 爺じい仔こ
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	阿おもね爸, 爺じい仔こ
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	阿おもね爸, 爺じい仔こ
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	阿おもね爸
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	阿おもね爸, 爺じい仔こ
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	阿おもね怙, 阿おもね爺じい
Huizhou	Jixi	老子ろうし
Jin	Taiyuan	老子ろうし, 大だい大だい, 大だい, 爹
Northern Min	Jian'ou	爹
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	郎ろう爸
Southern Min	Xiamen	老ろう爸, 娘むすめ爸 dated
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	老ろう爸
	Quanzhou	老ろう爸
	Jinjiang	老ろう爸
	Zhangzhou	老ろう爸, 娘むすめ爸 dated
	Pinghe	娘むすめ爸
	Zhao'an	老ろう爸
	Taipei	老ろう爸
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	老ろう爸, 阿おもね爸
	Kaohsiung	老ろう爸
	Yilan	老ろう爸
	Changhua (Lukang)	老ろう爸
	Taichung	老ろう爸, 爸爸
	Tainan	老ろう爸, 俺おれ爸
	Hsinchu	老ろう爸, 阿おもね爹, 爸爸
	Kinmen	俺おれ爹
	Penghu (Magong)	老ろう爸
	Penang (Hokkien)	老ろう爸, 阿おもね爸, 爸, 爸爸, 爹, 老ろう的てき
	Singapore (Hokkien)	老ろう爸
	Manila (Hokkien)	老ろう爸
	Chaozhou	阿おもね父ちち, 父ちち
	Shantou	阿おもね父ちち, 父ちち, 大人おとな honorific
	Shantou (Chenghai)	父ちち, 大人おとな honorific
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	阿おもね父ちち, 爸
	Singapore (Teochew)	父ちち, 阿おもね父ちち
	Leizhou	尼あま父ちち, 父ちち, 尼あま阿おもね dated
	Haikou	爸
Puxian Min	Putian	郎ろう爸
	Xianyou	郎ろう爸
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	爸, 老子ろうし, 數字すうじ, 數かず老ろう, 阿おもね叔 dated
	Binyang	父親ちちおや, 叔
Wu	Shanghai	爸爸, 老ろう爸, 爹爹 dated, 阿おもね伯はく dated
	Shanghai (Chongming)	爺じい, 爺じい爺じい
	Suzhou	爺じい
	Danyang	爹爹, 爹, 爸爸
	Hangzhou	爹, 阿おもね伯はく, 爸爸, 老子ろうし
	Ningbo	爹, 阿おもね爹, 阿おもね伯はく, 爸爸, 老ろう頭あたま子こ
	Wenzhou	阿おもね爸, 阿おもね伯はく
	Jinhua	爺じい
Xiang	Changsha	爺じい老ろう倌, 爺じい老子ろうし, 爹爹, 爺じい爺じい, 爺じい
	Loudi	爹爹, 爺じい老ろう倌, 爺じい老子ろうし, 爺じい, 老人ろうじん家か
	Shuangfeng	爹爹
	Hengyang	爺じい, 爺じい老子ろうし, 爺じい老ろう倌子, 老子ろうし

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fǔ (fu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fu²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hú

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hu⁶ / hu²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fǔ
    • Wade–Giles: fu³
    • Yale: fǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuu
    • Palladius: фу (fu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fu²
    • Yale: fú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fu²
    • Guangdong Romanization: fu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hú
    • Tâi-lô: hú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: huo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hu⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hu⁶ / hu²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭ / hú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu³⁵/, /hu⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: pjuX

Rime
Character	父ちち
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲こえ)	幫 (1)
Final (韻いん)	虞おそれ (24)
Tone (調しらべ)	Rising (X)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Closed
Division (等ひとし)	III
Fanqie	方ほう矩のり切きり
Baxter	pjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨoX/
Pan Wuyun	/pioX/
Shao Rongfen	/pioX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puə̆X/
Li Rong	/pioX/
Wang Li	/pĭuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fu2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*p(r)aʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*paʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	父ちち
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ pjuX ›
Old Chinese	/*p(r)aʔ/
English	(respectful suffix in male names)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	父ちち
Reading #	1/2
No.	3500
Phonetic component	父ちち
Rime group	魚さかな
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	甫はじめ
Old Chinese	/*paʔ/

Definitions

父ちち

1. (literary, respectful) old man; elderly man

   漁りょう父ちち／渔父ちち  ―  yúfǔ  ―  old fisherman

   田た父ちち  ―  tiánfǔ  ―  old farmer

2. (literary) Alternative form of 甫はじめ (“honorific suffix used after a man's name; courtesy name”)

   梁りょう父ちち山やま（梁りょう甫はじめ山さん） [MSC, trad. and simp.]

   Liángfǔshān (Liángfǔshān) [Pinyin]

   Mount Liangfu (alternately, Mount Liangfu) (in Shandong, China)

3. a surname

Compounds

• 一過いっか不ふ父ちち／一いち过不父ちち
• 丁ちょう父ちち憂う／丁ちょう父ちち忧 (dīngfùyōu)
• 丁ちょう父ちち艱／丁ちょう父ちち艰
• 三さん父ちち八はち母はは
• 世よ父ちち (shìfù)
• 中ちゅう父ちち
• 主しゅ父ちち
• 乃父だいふ
• 五ご父ちち
• 亞あ父ちち／亚父
• 亡父ぼうふ (wángfù)
• 亭ちん父ちち
• 亶父
• 人ひと父ちち (rénfù)
• 任にん父ちち
• 仲なか父ちち
• 伯はく夷えびす父ちち
• 伯父おじ (bófù)
• 俗ぞく父ちち
• 假かり父ちち
• 傅でん年みのる父母ちちはは
• 傅でん父ちち (fùfù)
• 傖父／伧父 (cāngfǔ)
• 儈父／侩父
• 元もと父ちち
• 先さき父ちち (xiānfù)
• 兒こ無常むじょう父ちち／儿无常つね父ちち
• 內父／内うち父ちち
• 公おおやけ父ちち
• 公おおやけ父ちち訓くん／公おおやけ父ちち训
• 公おおやけ祖父母そふぼ
• 再さい從したがえ父ちち／再さい从父
• 再生さいせい父母ちちはは (zàishēngfùmǔ)
• 冶父
• 力ちから父ちち
• 十じゅう阿おもね父ちち
• 博ひろし父ちち國こく／博ひろし父ちち国こく
• 叔父おじ (shūfù)
• 古こ公おおやけ亶父
• 召父杜もり母はは
• 名めい父ちち
• 同どう父ちち
• 君きみ山やま老父ろうふ
• 君きみ師父しふ／君きみ师父
• 君父くんぷ (jūnfù)
• 單たん父ちち／单父
• 單たん父ちち琴きん／单父琴きん
• 嗣父母ちちはは
• 嘯父／啸父
• 嚴父げんぷ／严父
• 國父こくふ／国父こくふ (guófù)
• 土ど父ちち
• 圻父
• 壤父
• 外そと大父おおぶ
• 外そと父ちち (wàifù)
• 外そと王おう父ちち
• 外祖父がいそふ (wàizǔfù)
• 大だい師父しふ／大だい师父
• 大父おおぶ (dàfù)
• 大王だいおう父ちち
• 太ふとし父ちち
• 天てん父ちち (tiānfù)
• 夸父
• 夸父追おい日び
• 夸父逐日ちくじつ
• 契ちぎり父ちち (qìfù)
• 姑しゅうと父ちち
• 姨父
• 嫡父
• 子こ州しゅう支ささえ父ちち
• 子こ承うけたまわ父ちち業ぎょう／子こ承うけたまわ父ちち业
• 子こ為ため父ちち隱かくれ／子こ为父隐
• 子こ父ちち
• 孔あな宣せん父ちち
• 孔あな父ちち
• 孔あな父ちち嘉よしみ
• 季き父ちち (jìfù)
• 宏ひろし父ちち
• 宗そう父ちち
• 宣せん父ちち
• 家人かじん父子ふし
• 宰おさむ父ちち (Zǎifù)
• 家父かふ (jiāfù)
• 寄よせ父ちち (jìfù)
• 富とみ父ちち
• 封ふう父ちち
• 射い父ちち
• 小父おじ
• 尚なお父ちち (shàngfù)
• 尼あま父ちち
• 山やま父ちち
• 岳父がくふ (yuèfù)
• 巢す父ちち
• 師し尚なお父ちち／师尚父ちち
• 師父しふ／师父 (shīfu)
• 師父しふ娘むすめ／师父娘むすめ
• 幹みき父ちち／干ひ父ちち
• 幹みき父ちち之の蠱／干ひ父ちち之の蛊
• 弒父／弑父 (shìfù)
• 弓ゆみ父ちち
• 弟おとうと父ちち
• 後こう父ちち／后きさき父ちち (hòufù)
• 徒と父ちち
• 從したがえ父ちち／从父
• 從したがえ父兄ふけい／从父兄けい
• 從したがえ父ちち姊妹／从父姊妹
• 從したがえ祖父そふ／从祖父ちち
• 從したがえ祖そ祖父そふ／从祖祖父そふ
• 恩おん同父母どうふぼ
• 愚父ぐふ
• 慈父じふ (cífù)
• 慶けい父ちち／庆父
• 戀こい父ちち情じょう結ゆい／恋こい父ちち情じょう结
• 支ささえ父ちち
• 教父きょうふ (jiàofù)
• 教父きょうふ哲學てつがく／教父きょうふ哲学てつがく
• 斫父
• 族ぞく曾王父ちち
• 族ぞく曾祖父そうそふ
• 族ぞく父ちち
• 族ぞく父母ちちはは
• 族ぞく祖父そふ
• 族ぞく祖父母そふぼ
• 是ぜ父ちち是ぜ子こ
• 晚ばん父ちち
• 曾大父ちち
• 曾父
• 曾王父ちち
• 曾祖父そうそふ (zēngzǔfù)
• 曾祖そうそ王おう父ちち
• 有ゆう其父必有其子 (yǒu qí fù bì yǒu qí zǐ)
• 朴ほお父ちち
• 杖つえ父ちち
• 村むら父ちち
• 村むら父老ふろう
• 杜父魚かじか／杜もり父ちち鱼 (dùfùyú)
• 東ひがし父ちち／东父
• 東ひがし王おう父ちち／东王父ちち
• 柏かしわ亮あきら父ちち
• 柏かしわ夷えびす亮あきら父ちち
• 桂かつら父ちち
• 梁りょう父ちち
• 梁りょう父ちち吟ぎん
• 梁りょう父ちち山やま (Liángfǔshān)
• 樵きこり父ちち
• 樸しらき父ちち／朴ほお父ちち
• 正せい父ちち
• 江東こうとう父老ふろう／江こう东父老ふろう
• 漁父ぎょふ／渔父 (yúfǔ)
• 漁父ぎょふ引／渔父引
• 漁父ぎょふ曲きょく／渔父曲きょく
• 漁父ぎょふ行ぎょう／渔父行ぎょう
• 漢かん陰かげ老父ろうふ／汉阴老父ろうふ
• 無む父ちち／无父
• 無む父ちち無む君きみ／无父无君
• 父ちち世よ縣けん／父ちち世よ县
• 父ちち事ごと
• 父ちち任にん
• 父ちち債さい子こ還かえ／父ちち债子还
• 父兄ふけい (fùxiōng)
• 父ちち喪も／父ちち丧
• 父ちち嚴げん子こ孝こう／父ちち严子孝こう
• 父ちち國こく／父ちち国こく
• 父ちち執と／父ちち执 (fùzhí)
• 父ちち執と輩やから／父ちち执辈
• 父ちち天てん
• 父ちち天てん母はは地ち
• 父子ふし (fùzǐ)
• 父子ふし兵へい
• 父子ふし同どう牝めす
• 父子ふし天性てんせい
• 父子ふし軍ぐん／父子ふし军
• 父ちち宗むね
• 父ちち師し／父ちち师
• 父ちち息いき
• 父ちち慈子しげこ孝こう (fùcízǐxiào)
• 父ちち憂う／父ちち忧
• 父ちち族ぞく
• 父ちち服ふく
• 父ちち析子荷に
• 父ちち業ぎょう／父ちち业 (fùyè)
• 父權ふけん／父ちち权 (fùquán)
• 父母ちちはは (fùmǔ)
• 父母ちちはは之の命いのち
• 父母ちちはは之の邦くに
• 父母ちちはは國こく／父母ちちはは国こく
• 父母ちちはは子女しじょ
• 父母ちちはは官かん (fùmǔguān)
• 父母ちちはは恩おん勤つとむ
• 父母ちちはは雙そう亡ほろび／父母ちちはは双そう亡ほろび
• 父母ちちはは骨肉こつにく
• 父ちち為ため子こ隱かくれ／父ちち为子隐
• 父ちち王おう (fùwáng)
• 父祖ふそ (fùzǔ)
• 父ちち禰／父ちち祢
• 父ちち精せい母はは血ち
• 父系ふけい (fùxì)
• 父系ふけい制度せいど
• 父老ふろう (fùlǎo)
• 父ちち臺だい／父ちち台だい
• 父ちち舅しゅうと
• 父ちち艱／父ちち艰
• 父ちち蔭かげ／父ちち荫
• 父親ちちおや／父ちち亲 (fùqīn)
• 父親ちちおや節ぶし／父ちち亲节 (fùqīnjié)
• 父ちち賞しょう／父ちち赏
• 父ちち輩やから／父ちち辈 (fùbèi)
• 父ちち道どう
• 父ちち馬ば／父ちち马
• 父ちち黨とう／父ちち党とう
• 狐きつね父ちち
• 猶なお父ちち／犹父
• 猿さる父ちち
• 王おう大だい父ちち
• 王おう父ちち
• 生なま父ちち (shēngfù)
• 田た父ちち (tiánfù)
• 甲きのえ父ちち
• 田た父ちち之の功こう
• 田た父ちち之の獲え／田た父ちち之の获
• 田た父ちち野の叟
• 田た父ちち野老ところ
• 異父いふ／异父
• 皇すめらぎ父ちち
• 相あい父ちち
• 眾父／众父
• 眾父父ちち／众父父ちち
• 瞿父
• 祈いのり父ちち
• 神父しんぷ (shénfù)
• 祖父そふ (zǔfù)
• 祖父母そふぼ (zǔfùmǔ)
• 祖そ王おう父ちち
• 穀こく父ちち蠶かいこ母はは／谷たに父ちち蚕かいこ母はは
• 粉こな父ちち
• 緹縈救すくい父ちち／缇萦救すくい父ちち
• 縣けん父母ちちはは／县父母ちちはは
• 繼父けいふ／继父 (jìfù)
• 罕父
• 義父ぎふ／义父 (yìfù)
• 老ろう師父しふ／老ろう师父
• 老父ろうふ (lǎofù)
• 老ろう父母ちちはは
• 老父ろうふ臺だい／老父ろうふ台だい (lǎofùtái)
• 耕こう父ちち
• 聖せい父ちち／圣父 (Shèngfù)
• 肉にく父ちち
• 舅しゅうと父ちち (jiùfù)
• 舉父／举父
• 苗なえ父ちち
• 虜とりこ父ちち／虏父
• 蚚父
• 蜜みつ父ちち
• 衣食いしょく父母ちちはは (yīshífùmǔ)
• 親おや生せい父母ちちはは／亲生父母ちちはは
• 言げん父ちち
• 許もと父ちち／许父
• 認みとめ仇かたき作さく父ちち／认仇作さく父ちち
• 認みとめ敵てき作さく父ちち／认敌作さく父ちち
• 認みとめ賊ぞく作さく父ちち／认贼作さく父ちち (rènzéizuòfù)
• 認みとめ賊ぞく為ため父ちち／认贼为父
• 誼よしみ父ちち／谊父
• 諸しょ父ちち／诸父
• 證あかし父ちち／证父
• 證あかし父ちち攘羊／证父攘羊
• 谿父
• 豪ごう父ちち
• 貜父
• 資し父ちち／资父
• 賣うれ身み葬そう父ちち／卖身葬そう父ちち
• 越えつ石せき父ちち
• 跨またが牛うし父ちち
• 農のう父ちち／农父
• 造みやつこ父ちち
• 那な父ちち
• 邵父
• 郊父
• 重生しぎょう父母ちちはは
• 野の父ちち
• 門もん父ちち／门父
• 阿おもね父ちち (āfù)
• 雄お父ちち
• 雍父
• 電でん父ちち／电父
• 章あきら父ちち
• 章あきら父ちち薦こも屨／章あきら父ちち荐屦
• 頑父嚚母／顽父嚚母
• 顯あらわ父ちち／显父
• 養やしなえ不ふ教きょう，父ちち之の過か／养不教きょう，父ちち之の过 (yǎngbùjiào, fùzhīguò)
• 養父ようふ／养父 (yǎngfù)
• 養やしなえ身み父母ちちはは／养身父母ちちはは
• 高祖父こうそふ (gāozǔfù)
• 高祖こうそ王おう父ちち
• 魁さきがけ父ちち
• 魚さかな父ちち／鱼父
• 麝父
• 麟父筆ひつ／麟父笔
• 黃き父ちち／黄き父ちち
• 黃き父鬼ちちおに／黄き父鬼ちちおに

 

References

• “父ちち”, in 漢語かんご多功たこう能のう字じ庫こ (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港ほんこん中ちゅう文ぶん大學だいがく (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育きょういく部ぶ異體いたい字じ字典じてん), A02471
• Ding, Fubao (丁ちょう福ぶく保ほ) (1922), “父ちち” in 佛學ぶつがく大だい辭典じてん [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

Japanese

Shinjitai	父ちち
Kyūjitai	父ちち󠄁 父ちち+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

父ちち

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ぶ (bu)、ふ (fu, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ふ (fu, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: ほ (ho)
• Kun: ちち (chichi, 父ちち, Jōyō)、てて (tete, 父ちち)、とと (toto, 父ちち)、ちゃん (chan, 父ちち)、かそ (kaso, 父ちち)
• Nanori: のり (nori)

Compounds

• 祖父そふ(じじ) (jiji), 祖父そふ(じい) (jī)
• 秩父ちちぶ(ちちぶ) (Chichibu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
父ちち
ちち Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese 父ちち (titi), from Proto-Japonic *titi.

Still in modern usage.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ちち [chìchíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• (Tokyo) ちち [chíꜜchì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕi̥t͡ɕi]

Noun

父ちち(ちち) • (chichi) 

1. father

   野比のび(のび)のび助すけ(すけ)は、主あるじ(しゅ)人ひと(じん)公おおやけ(こう)のび太ふとし(た)の父ちち(ちち)。

   Nobi Nobisuke wa, shujinkō Nobita no chichi.

   Nobi Nobisuke is the father of the protagonist Nobita.

   • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 115:

     父ちち(ちち)　爲ため(す)考こう(こう)、和わ(わ)名な(めい)知ち(ち)々(ち)、日ひ(に)本ほん(ほん)紀きの(き)私わたし(し)記き(き)云うん(いう)加か(カ)曾(ソ)

     chichi sukō, wamei chichi, Nihon Ki Shiki iu kaso

     Father: considered in Japanese as chichi; in the Nihon Shoki Shiki it is pronounced kaso

2. (by extension, figurative) a father figure (male initiator or founder of something)

   近ちか(きん)代だい(だい)医い(い)学がく(がく)の父ちち(ちち)

   kindai igaku no chichi

   the father of modern medicine

3. (Christianity) God, the Holy Father

Usage notes

• This term conveys neither positive nor negative connotations. However, using it to describe someone the speaker knows personally is often considered lacking respect, where more polite forms like お父ちち(とう)さん (otōsan) are preferred.
• This term is sometimes used in objective narrations, but for this purpose, 父ちち(ちち)親おや(おや) (chichioya) is more common.

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “father”): 母はは(はは) (haha, “mother”)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 父君ふくん(ちちぎみ) (chichigimi)
• 父ちち(ちち)御お(ご) (chichigo)
• 父ちち者しゃ(ちちじゃ)人ひと(ひと) (chichija hito)
• 小父おじ(おじ) (oji)
• 伯父おじ(おじ) (oji)
• 叔父おじ(おじ) (oji)
• 親父おやじ(おやじ) (oyaji)
• 父上ちちうえ(ちちうえ) (chichiue, “honourable father”, term in respect primarily used in writing)
• 父親ちちおや(ちちおや) (chichioya, “father”, specifically as someone's parent)
• 父ちち(ちち)無む(な)し子こ(ご) (chichinashigo, “fatherless child”)
• 父母ちちはは(ちちはは) (chichihaha, “father and mother, both parents”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
父ちち
てて Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Appears in the Utsubo Monogatari of roughly 970 CE.

Glossed as “I[gualmente], chichi. Pay” (“same as chichi. Father”) in Nippo Jisho.

Shift from chichi.

Usage continued until at least the early 1700s.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [te̞te̞]

Noun

父ちち(てて) • (tete) 

1. (archaic) one's own father

Derived terms

Derived terms

• ててうちぐり (teteuchiguri)
• 父ちち(てて)打だ(う)ち母はは(はは)打だ(う)ち (teteuchi hahauchi)
• 父君ふくん(ててぎみ) (tetegimi)
• 父ちち(てて)御お(ご) (tetego)
• 父ちち者しゃ(ててじゃ)人ひと(ひと) (teteja hito)
• 父ちち(てて)無む(な)し金きむ(がね) (tetenashigane)
• 父ちち(てて)無む(な)し子こ(ご) (tetenashigo)
• 大父おおぶ(おおてて) (ōtete)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
父ちち
とと Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Appears in the Nippo Jisho of 1603.

Originally a shift from chichi or tete in baby talk, used by children to refer to their own father.

Still in modern usage.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) とと [tóꜜtò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [to̞to̞]

Noun

父ちち(とと) • (toto) 

1. (childish) one's own father: daddy

   Coordinate term: 母はは (kaka)

2. (by later extension) a husband, master of the house

Derived terms

• 父ちち(とう)さん (tōsan)
  • お父ちち(とう)さん (otōsan)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
父ちち
ちゃん Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
爺じい

/totosan/ → /totːɕan/ → /t͡ɕan/

Likely a contraction of 父とうさん (toto-san).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ちゃん [cháꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕã̠ɴ]

Noun

父ちち(ちゃん) • (chan) 

1. (informal, possibly dialect) one's own father [from Edo to early-Meiji period]
2. (by later extension) the head or master of an establishment such as a teahouse, boathouse, etc.

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
父ちち
ふ Grade: 2
goon

The “father” and “uncle” affixes is from Middle Chinese 父ちち (MC bjuX).

The “old man” affix is from Middle Chinese 父ちち (MC pjuX).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟]

Affix

父ちち(ふ) • (fu) 

1. father
2. father figure
3. uncle
4. old man, elderly man

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 父ちち(ふ)君きみ(くん) (fukun, “honourable father”)
• 父ちち(ふ)系けい(けい) (fukei)
• 父ちち(ふ)子こ(し) (fushi)
• 父ちち(ふ)母はは(ぼ) (fubo)
• 父ちち(ふ)老ろう(ろう) (furō)
• 亜あ(あ)父ちち(ふ) (afu)
• 岳たけ(がく)父ちち(ふ) (gakufu)
• 義よし(ぎ)父ちち(ふ) (gifu)
• 教きょう(きょう)父ちち(ふ) (kyōfu)
• 漁りょう(ぎょ)父ちち(ふ) (gyofu)
• 君きみ(くん)父ちち(ぷ) (kunpu)
• 厳いむ(げん)父ちち(ぷ) (genpu)
• 国くに(こく)父ちち(ふ) (kokufu)
• 慈(じ)父ちち(ふ) (jifu)
• 叔(しゅく)父ちち(ふ) (shukufu)
• 諸しょ(しょ)父ちち(ふ) (shofu)
• 神かみ(しん)父ちち(ぷ) (shinpu)
• 実み(じっ)父ちち(ぷ) (jippu)
• 祖そ(そ)父ちち(ふ) (sofu)
• 尊みこと(そん)父ちち(ぷ) (sonpu)
• 代だい(だい)父ちち(ふ) (daifu)
• 伯はく(はく)父ちち(ふ) (hakufu)
• 亡ほろび(ぼう)父ちち(ふ) (bōfu)

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
父ちち
ほ Grade: 2
kan'yōon

From a corruption of Middle Chinese 父ちち (MC pjuX).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ho̞]

Affix

父ちち(ほ) • (ho) 

1. (honorific) old man

Derived terms

• 尼あま父ちち(じほ) (Jiho)

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
父ちち
かそ Grade: 2
kun'yomi

⟨kaso₂⟩ → */kasə/ → /kaso/ → /kazo/

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE as unvoiced kaso. Further derivation unknown.

May have fallen out of use by 1603, when neither kaso nor kazo are found in the Nippo Jisho. Kaso would be here as the sixth entry from the bottom on the left, and kazo would be here as the eighth from the bottom on the right.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ka̠zo̞]

Noun

父ちち(かぞ) • (kazo) 

1. (obsolete) one's own father
   • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 115:

     父ちち(ちち)　爲ため(す)考こう(こう)、和わ(わ)名な(めい)知ち(ち)々(ち)、日ひ(に)本ほん(ほん)紀きの(き)私わたし(し)記き(き)云うん(いう)加か(カ)曾(ソ)

     chichi sukō, wamei chichi, Nihon Ki Shiki iu kaso

     Father: considered in Japanese as chichi; in the Nihon Shoki Shiki it is pronounced kaso

Derived terms

• 父ちち(かぞ)母はは(いろは) (kazo iroha)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 父ちち (MC bjuX, “father”).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 뿡〯 (Yale: ppwǔ^?) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國とうごく正せい韻いん / 동국정운), 1448.
• Recorded as Middle Korean 부〮 (pwú)^訓くん (Yale: pwú) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙くんもう字じ會かい / 훈몽자회), 1527.
• Recorded as Middle Korean  부 ( pwu)^訓くん (Yale: pwu) in Gwangju Cheonjamun (光州こうしゅう千せん字じ文ぶん / 광주천자문), 1575.
• Recorded as Middle Korean  부 ( pwu)^訓くん (Yale: pwu) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新しん增ぞう類るい合あい / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pu]
• Phonetic hangul: [부]

Hanja

Wikisource

父ちち (eumhun 아비 부 (abi bu))

1. Hanja form^? of 부 (“father”).
2. Hanja form^? of 부 (“elderly male relative”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 부계 (父系ふけい, bugye)
• 부권 (父權ふけん, bugwon)
• 부녀 (父ちち女おんな, bunyeo)
• 부도 (父ちち道どう, budo)
• 부로 (父老ふろう, buro)
• 부명 (父ちち命いのち, bumyeong)
• 부모 (父母ちちはは, bumo)
• 부사 (父ちち師し, busa)
• 부자 (父子ふし, buja)
• 부조 (父祖ふそ, bujo)
• 부집 (父ちち執と, bujip)
• 부친 (父親ちちおや, buchin)
• 부형 (父兄ふけい, buhyeong)
• 가부 (家父かふ, gabu)
• 계부 (繼父けいふ, gyebu)
• 군부 (君父くんぷ, gunbu)
• 내부 (乃父だいふ, naebu)
• 노부/로부 (老父ろうふ, nobu/robu)
• 대부 (代だい父ちち, daebu)
• 망부 (亡父ぼうふ, mangbu)
• 백부 (伯父おじ, baekbu)
• 빙부 (聘父, bingbu)
• 사부 (師父しふ, sabu)
• 생부 (生なま父ちち, saengbu)
• 성부 (聖せい父ちち, seongbu)
• 숙부 (叔父おじ, sukbu)
• 신부 (神父しんぷ, sinbu)
• 악부 (岳父がくふ, akbu)
• 양부 (養父ようふ, yangbu)
• 어부 (漁父ぎょふ, eobu)
• 엄부 (嚴父げんぷ, eombu)
• 왕부 (王おう父ちち, wangbu)
• 유부 (猶なお父ちち, yubu)
• 의부 (義父ぎふ, uibu)
• 이부 (李り父ちち, ibu)
• 자부 (慈父じふ, jabu)
• 제부 (諸しょ父ちち, jebu)
• 조부 (祖父そふ, jobu)
• 천부 (天てん父ちち, cheonbu)
• 친부 (親父おやじ, chinbu)
• 부사지 (父ちち事ごと之の, busaji)
• 부선망 (父ちち先さき亡ほろび, buseonmang)
• 부주전 (父ちち主ぬし前まえ, bujujeon)
• 조부모 (祖父母そふぼ, jobumo)
• 고조부 (高祖父こうそふ, gojobu)
• 족대부 (族ぞく大父おおぶ, jokdaebu)
• 족조부 (族ぞく祖父そふ, jokjobu)
• 증조부 (曾祖父そうそふ, jeungjobu)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 父ちち (MC pjuX, “old man; elderly man”).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 붕〯 (Yale: pwǔ^?) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國とうごく正せい韻いん / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [po̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [보]

Hanja

父ちち (eumhun 사내 보 (sanae bo))

1. (literary) Hanja form^? of 보 (“respectful term for an elderly man”).

   Synonym: 甫はじめ (보 (bo))

Compounds

Derived terms

• 공보 (孔あな父ちち, gongbo)
• 선보 (宣せん父ちち, seonbo)
• 이보/니보 (尼あま父ちち, ibo/nibo)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [2]

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

Reduplication of ti below.

Noun

父ちち (titi) (kana ちち)

1. one's own father

   Coordinate term: 母はは (omo, papa)

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 13, poem 3312:
     , text here

     ...奥床おくゆかし仁ひとし母はは者しゃ睡ねむ有ゆう外そと床丹とこたん父ちち者もの寐有...

     ...okuto₂ko₂ ni papa pa inetari to₁do₂ko₂ ni titi pa inetari...

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

• 父母ちちはは (titipapa)
• 母はは父ちち (omotiti)

Descendants

• Japanese: 父ちち (chichi, tete, toto)

Etymology 2

Eastern dialect of titi above.

Noun

父ちち (sisi) (kana しし)

1. (regional, Northern Eastern Old Japanese) one's own father

   Antonym: 母はは (amo)

Derived terms

• 母はは父ちち (amosisi, “mother and father”)

Etymology 3

From Proto-Japonic *ti.

Noun

父ちち (ti) (kana ち)

1. (honorific) a term of respect for males
   • 711–712, Kojiki, poem 48:

     加志かし能のう布ぬの邇余久ひさ須袁都と久ひさ理り余あまり久ひさ須邇迦美斯意富美ふみ岐宇麻あさ良よ爾しか岐許志こころざし母はは知ち袁勢麻呂まろ賀が知ち

     kasi no₂ pu ni yo₂kusu wo tukuri yo₂kusu ni kami₁si opomi₁ki₁ umara ni ki₁ko₂simo₂tiwose maro₂ ga ti

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

     Note: Poem 39 of the Nihon Shoki is similar to this but replaces 迦美斯 (kami₁si) with 伽とぎ綿めん蘆あし (kame₁ru).

Derived terms

• 父ちち (titi, “father”, see above)
• 祖父そふ (opodi, “grandfather”)
• 小父おじ (wodi)
  • 伯父おじ (wodi, “older uncle”)
  • 叔父おじ (wodi, “younger uncle”)
  • 爺じい (wodi, “old man”)

Etymology 4

Unknown.

Noun

父ちち (kaso₂) (kana かそ)

1. one's own father

   Antonym: 母はは (iro₂pa)

   • 720, Nihon Shoki, Emperor Ninken, entry 11: sixth year, ninth month in autumn:

     菱ひし城じょう邑人鹿しか父ちち〈鹿しか父ちち、人名じんめい也。俗ぞく、呼よび父ちち為ため柯曾〉聞而向こう前ぜん曰「何なに哭之哀あい甚、若わか此乎」。

     A man of Pisikï village, Kakasö (his name is Kakasö; it was customary to call one's father kasö) heard [the woman's] cries, turned to her, and asked, “Why these cries of grief, young one?”

Descendants

• Japanese: 父ちち (kazo)

Vietnamese

Han character

父ちち: Hán Việt readings: phụ (扶(phù)雨あめ(vũ)切きり(thiết))
父ちち: Nôm readings: phụ, phủ

Affix

父ちち (phụ)

1. Chữ Hán form of phụ (“father”).
2. Chữ Hán form of phụ (“elderly male relative”).

Compounds

• 伯父おじ (bá phụ)
• 叔父おじ (thúc phụ)
• 岳父がくふ (nhạc phụ)
• 師父しふ (sư phụ)
• 父兄ふけい (phụ huynh)
• 父子ふし (phụ tử)
• 父權ふけん (phụ quyền)
• 父母ちちはは (phụ mẫu)
• 父系ふけい (phụ hệ)
• 父老ふろう (phụ lão)
• 父親ちちおや (phụ thân)
• 祖父そふ (tổ phụ)
• 義父ぎふ (nghĩa phụ)
• 親父おやじ (thân phụ)