球たま

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See also: 毬かさ
球たま U+7403, 球
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7403
← 琂
[U+7402] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 琄 →
[U+7404]

Translingual

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Han character

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球たま (Kangxi radical 96, 玉たま+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 一いち土ど戈ほこ十じゅう水みず (MGIJE), four-corner 13132, composition ⿰𤣩求もとむ)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 732, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21011
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1144, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1114, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+7403

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 球たま
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (求もとむ) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
救すくい *kus
求もとむ *ɡu
球たま *ɡu
逑 *ɡu
賕 *ɡu
蛷 *ɡu
莍 *ɡu
殏 *ɡu
梂 *ɡu
俅 *ɡu
脙 *ɡu, *qʰu
絿 *ɡu
銶 *ɡu
毬かさ *ɡu
捄 *ɡu, *ko
觩 *ɡu

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *ɡu) : semantic 玉たま (“jade”) + phonetic 求もとむ (OC *ɡu).

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
 球たま
alternative forms 毬かさ
𤥲

"Ball", earlier some "kind of jade". Bodman (1980) relates this to Wuming Zhuang klauA2 (“ball”), and relates 俅 (qiú, “gem-adorned”) to Tibetan གྲུ (gru, “lustre of gems”). This character had a softened initial in Proto-Min.

Originally written as 毬かさ (since Tang dynasty). The form 球たま (since Qing dynasty) is now more common.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 球たま
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 群ぐん (30)
Final (韻いん) 尤ゆう (136)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 巨きょ鳩ばと切きり
Baxter gjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡɨu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡiu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/guw/
Li
Rong 		/ɡiu/
Wang
Li 		/ɡĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/gi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qiú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		kau4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 球たま
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qiú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ gjuw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ](r)[u]/
English "ball"?

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 球たま
Reading # 1/1
No. 10561
Phonetic
component 		求もとむ
Rime
group 		幽かそけ
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		𧚍
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡu/

Definitions

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球たま

  1. † fine jade
  2. † percussion instrument made of jade
  3. ball; globe; orb
    氣き球たま／气球たま  ―  qìqiú  ―  balloon
    雪ゆき球たま  ―  xuěqiú  ―  snowball
  4. (mathematics) ball; solid sphere
  5. earth
    全ちょん球たま  ―  quánqiú  ―  whole world
  6. ball (in sports)
    發はつ球たま／发球たま  ―  fāqiú  ―  to serve
    一いち個こ籃球たま／一いち个篮球たま  ―  yī ge lánqiú  ―  a basketball
  7. ball game
    球たま迷  ―  qiúmí  ―  fan of a ball sport
    一いち場ば球たま／一いち场球たま  ―  yī chǎng qiú  ―  a ball game
  8. Classifier for spherical objects.
    一いち球たま毛け線せん／一いち球たま毛もう线  ―  yī qiú máoxiàn  ―  a ball of knitting wool
  9. (Teochew, Xiang) Classifier for stringed objects. string
  10. (dialectal Mandarin, Jin, vulgar) Expletive. Often used in the form of ……個こ球だま(…… my ass). Underlying meaning may be "testes".
  11. (Cantonese, colloquial) million dollars
  12. (Singapore, slang) testicle
  13. (medicine, attributive) bulbar
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 球たま (“ball”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 球たま
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 球たま
Taiwan 球たま
Singapore 球たま
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 球たま
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 球たま
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 蛋子
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 蛋子
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 球たま
Wuhan 球たま
Lancang 球たま
Guilin 球たま
Dagudi (Maliba) 球たま
Reshuitang (Longling) 球たま
Mae Salong (Lancang) 球たま
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 球たま
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 球たま
Hefei 球たま
Cantonese Guangzhou 波なみ, 球たま
Hong Kong 波なみ
Taishan 波なみ
Dongguan 波なみ
Rongxian 球たま
Hepu (Lianzhou) 球たま, 波なみ
Hepu (Shatian) 球たま, 波なみ
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 球たま
Beihai 波なみ
Beihai (Nankang) 球たま
Beihai (Yingpan) 球たま
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 球たま, 波なみ
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 球たま, 波なみ
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 球たま
Singapore (Guangfu) 波なみ
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 波なみ
Móng Cái 球たま
Bangkok (Guangfu) 波なみ
Betong (Rongxian) 球たま, 波なみ
Gan Nanchang 球たま
Hakka Meixian 球たま
Jiexi 球たま
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 球たま仔こ
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 球たま仔こ
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 球たま仔こ
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 球たま
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 球たま仔こ
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 球たま
Hong Kong 波なみ
Bangkok (Meixian) 球たま
Bangkok (Jiexi) 球たま
Jin Taiyuan 球たま
Northern Min Jian'ou 球たま
Eastern Min Fuzhou 球たま
Southern Min Xiamen 球たま
Singapore (Hokkien) 球たま
Chaozhou 球たま
Shantou 球たま
Jieyang 球たま
Bangkok (Teochew) 球たま
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 球たま
Hat Yai (Teochew) 球たま
Singapore (Teochew) 球たま
Pontianak (Teochew) 球たま
Leizhou 波なみ
Haikou 波なみ
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 波なみ
Wu Shanghai 球たま
Suzhou 球たま
Wenzhou 球たま
Xiang Changsha 球たま
Shuangfeng 球たま
Dialectal synonyms of 睪丸 (“testicle”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 外そと腎じん, 腎じん
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 睪丸, 精巢せいそう
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 卵子らんし兒じ, 卵たまご包子かねこ, 小しょう蛋兒
Taiwan 蛋蛋
Harbin 卵子らんし兒じ
Singapore 球たま
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 球たま蛋
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 蛋子兒じ, 蛋
Wanrong 子こ
Xi'an 蛋子兒じ
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 卵子らんし
Lanzhou 脬子兒じ, 腎じん
Ürümqi 脬卵子らんし, 卵子らんし
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 卵たまご, 卵たまご蛋, 蛋蛋, 卵子らんし, 敲敲兒じ
Wuhan 卵子らんし, 卵たまご蛋, 卵たまご坨
Guiyang 卵たまご蛋
Liuzhou 卵たまご考こう子こ, 考こう子こ
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 卵子らんし
Yangzhou 卵たまご蛋, 卵子らんし子こ
Cantonese Guangzhou 春子はるこ
Hong Kong 春はる, 春子はるこ, 春はる核かく, 波子なみこ
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 核かく
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 核かく春はる
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 核かく仁ひとし
Kaiping (Chikan) 春はる牯
Dongguan 春はる核かく
Hepu (Lianzhou) 卵子らんし
Hepu (Shatian) 卵たまご脬仁
Guiping 核かく子こ
Guiping (Mule) 𨳍卵たまご
Pingnan 核かく卵たまご
Guigang (Gangcheng) 核かく仔こ
Guigang (Pingdong) 核かく仁ひとし
Beihai 卵たまご仁ひとし
Beihai (Nankang) 卵たまご仁ひとし
Beihai (Yingpan) 卵たまご仁ひとし
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 卵たまご仁ひとし
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 卵たまご核かく
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 卵たまご核かく
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 春はる仔こ
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 卵たまご
Móng Cái 卵たまご核かく
Gan Lichuan 順子じゅんこ
Pingxiang 卵たまご坨子
Hakka Meixian 核かく卵たまご
Xingning 核かく卵たまご
Dabu (Xihe) 核かく卵たまご仁ひとし
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 核かく卵たまご
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 核かく卵たまご
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 核かく卵たまご
Wuhua (Huacheng) 核かく卵たまご
Wuhua (Changbu) 核かく卵たまご
Wuhua (Mianyang) 核かく卵たまご
Jiexi 核かく卵たまご
Changting 卵子らんし
Longyan (Yongding) 核かく卵たまご
Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding) 核かく卵たまご仁ひとし
Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding) 核かく卵たまご
Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding) 核かく卵たまご
Wuping (Zhongshan) 核かく卵たまご
Liancheng (Peitian) 卵子らんし
Liancheng (Juxi) 核かく卵たまご
Liancheng (Zhongbao) 核かく卵たまご
Liancheng (Laiyuan) 核かく卵たまご
Yudu 卵子らんし
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 核かく卵たまご
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 核かく卵たまご
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 核かく卵たまご
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 核かく卵たまご仁ひとし
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 核かく卵たまご仔こ
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 核かく卵たまご
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 核かく卵たまご
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 核かく卵たまご
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 核かく卵たまご
Hong Kong 核かく卵たまご
Sabah (Longchuan) 核かく卵たまご
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 核かく卵たまご仁ひとし
Senai (Huiyang) 核かく
Singkawang 核かく卵たまご
Bangkok (Meixian) 核かく卵たまご
Bangkok (Fengshun) 核かく卵たまご
Huizhou Jixi 卵子らんし
Jin Pingyao 堆うずたか兒じ, 蛋
Xinzhou 蛋籽子こ
Eastern Min Fuzhou 𡳞核かく子こ, 𡳞核かく
Fuzhou (Changle) 𡳞核かく子こ
Fuqing 𡳞核かく子こ
Yongtai 𡳞脬子
Gutian 𡳞核かく子こ
Fu'an 𡳞脬子
Ningde 𡳞脬子
Shouning 𡳞脬子
Zhouning 尿にょう脬子
Fuding 卵たまご脬子
Southern Min Xiamen 𡳞核かく, 腎じん子こ
Quanzhou 𡳞核かく, 腎じん子こ
Jinjiang 𡳞核かく
Yongchun 𡳞核かく, 𡳞核かく子こ
Zhangzhou 𡳞核かく, 腎じん子こ
Zhao'an 𡳞核かく
Taipei 𡳞核かく
Taipei (Wanhua) 𡳞脬核仔こ
New Taipei (Tamsui) 𡳞核かく
New Taipei (Sanxia) 𡳞核かく
New Taipei (Pingxi) 𡳞核かく
Kaohsiung 𡳞核かく, 𡳞核かく仔こ
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 𡳞核かく仔こ, 𡳞核かく
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 𡳞核かく
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 𡳞核かく
Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 𡳞核かく
Yilan 𡳞核かく
Yilan (Toucheng) 𡳞核かく仔こ
Changhua (Lukang) 𡳞核かく, 𡳞核かく仔こ
Taichung 𡳞核かく仔こ
Taichung (Wuqi) 𡳞核かく
Tainan 𡳞核かく, 𡳞核かく仔こ, 腎じん子こ
Tainan (Anping) 𡳞核かく
Taitung 𡳞核かく仔こ
Hsinchu 𡳞核かく, 𡳞核かく仔こ
Kinmen 𡳞核かく
Penghu (Magong) 𡳞核かく
Penghu (Xiyu) 𡳞核かく
Penang (Hokkien) 𡳞核かく, 核かく, 𡳞脬子
Singapore (Hokkien) 𡳞核かく, 腎じん子こ, 𡳞脬子
Manila (Hokkien) 𡳞核かく
Chaozhou 核かく
Shantou 𡳞核かく
Shantou (Chenghai) 𡳞核かく
Nan'ao (Houzhai) 𡳞核かく
Nan'ao (Yun'ao) 𡳞核かく
Jieyang 𡳞核かく, 𡳞仁ひとし
Haifeng 𡳞脬核
Bangkok (Teochew) 𡳞核かく
Leizhou 𡳞脬子, 𡳞脬核, 核かく子こ
Wenchang 𡳞仁ひとし
Haikou 𡳞脬仁
Puxian Min Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 𡳞核かく
Central Min Sanming (Sanyuan) 石いし核かく
Sanming (Shaxian) 尿にょう脬核
Shaojiang Min Mingxi 腎じん肚子
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 卵子らんし
Wu Shanghai 卵子らんし
Suzhou 卵子らんし
Danyang 卵たまご脬黃, 卵子らんし黃き
Hangzhou 卵子らんし
Ningbo 卵黃らんおう, 卵たまご袋ぶくろ黃き
Wenzhou 卵子らんし, 卵たまご袋ぶくろ子こ, 陰かげ袋ぶくろ子こ
Jinhua 老ろう核かく子こ
Xiang Loudi 考こう子こ, 卵子らんし

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (球たま):

Others

Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 球たま – see 璆 (“beautiful jade; tinkle of jade objects”).
(This character is a variant form of 璆).

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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球たま

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
球たま
きゅう
Grade: 3
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 毬かさ／球たま (gjuw, “ball, sphere, orb”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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球たま(きゅう) • (kyū) ←きう (kiu)?

  1. sphere, globe, orb
  2. (baseball) pitch
  3. (slang, electronics) vacuum tube, valve
    五ご(ご)球たま(きゅう)スーパーラジオ
    gokyū sūpā rajio
    five-tube superheterodyne receiver

Derived terms

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Derived terms

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
球たま
たま
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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球たま(たま) • (tama) 

  1. ball
  2. bulb (as in a light bulb)
  3. (slang, electronics) vacuum tube, valve
    球たま(たま)のアンプ
    tama no anpu
    tube amplifier
  4. (baseball) pitch
    いい球たま(たま)
    ii tama
    good pitch

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語にほんご発音はつおんアクセント辞典じてん [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

球たま (eumhun 공 구 (gong gu))

  1. hanja form? of 구 (“ball”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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球たま: Hán Việt readings: cầu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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