約やく尼あま

約やく尼あま和わ林はやし伽とぎ圖示ずし有ゆう圓形えんけい和わ方形ほうけい兩りょう種たね基本きほん形式けいしき。約やく尼あま是ぜ神聖しんせい女性じょせい生殖せいしょく能のう量的りょうてき象徵しょうちょう。

約やく尼あま（梵語ぼんご：योनि，IAST：yoni；又また稱しょう優ゆう尼あま、尤ゆう尼あま），是ぜ印度いんど教きょう女神めがみ夏なつ克かつ提ひさげ的てき抽象ちゅうしょう或ある非ひ偶像ぐうぞう崇拜すうはい代表だいひょう。^[1]^[2] 它通常つうじょう被ひ與あずか林はやし伽とぎ一起かずき展示てんじ^[1]^[3]，它們一起象徵著微觀宇宙和宏觀宇宙的融合^[3]，創造そうぞう和わ再生さいせい的てき神聖しんせい永えい恆ひさし過程かてい，以及重じゅう建けん全部ぜんぶ存在そんざい的てき女性じょせい和わ男性だんせい的てき結合けつごう。^[2]^[4] 約やく尼あま被ひ概念がいねん化か為ため自然しぜん中ちゅう全部ぜんぶ誕生たんじょう的てき門戶もんこ，特別とくべつ是ぜ在ざいKaula和わTantra實踐じっせん中ちゅう，以及印度いんど教きょう的てき沙すな克かつ提ひさげ派は和わ濕しめ婆ばば教きょう傳統でんとう中ちゅう。^[5]

約やく尼あま是ぜ一いち個こ梵語ぼんご單たん詞し，字面じめん意思いし是ぜ“子宮しきゅう”^[4]^[6]，“源みなもと頭あたま”^[7]，以及女性じょせい的てき生殖せいしょく器官きかん^[8]^[9]。它也意味いみ著ちょ女性じょせい性せい器官きかん，例れい如“陰かげ道どう”^[2]，“女おんな陰かげ”^[10]^[11]，和かず“子宮しきゅう”^[12]^[13]，或ある在ざい其他脈絡みゃくらく下か任にん何なん事物じぶつ的てき“起源きげん，居所きょしょ或ある來らい源みなもと”。^[14]^[2] 例れい如，吠ほえ檀まゆみ多おお文ぶん本ほん《梵天ぼんてん經けい》（Brahma Sutras）將しょう形がた上じょう學がく概念がいねん「梵」比ひ喻為「宇宙うちゅう的てき約やく尼あま」。^[15] 在ざい印度いんど次じ大陸たいりく和わ東南とうなん亞あ的てき濕しめ婆ばば神殿しんでん和わ考古こうこ遺のこ址し^[16]^[17]^[18]以及 Lajja Gauri ^[19]等とう雕塑中ちゅう，都と發はつ現有げんゆう約やく尼あま與あずか林はやし伽とぎ的てき圖像ずぞう。

參看さんかん

约尼按摩あんま

參考さんこう資料しりょう

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Dasgupta, Rohit. Kimmel, Michael; Christine Milrod; Amanda Kennedy , 编. Cultural Encyclopedia of the Penis. Rowman & Littlefield. 26 September 2014: 107. ISBN 978-0-7591-2314-4.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Doniger, Wendy; Stefon, Matt. Yoni (Hinduism). Encyclopædia Britannica. Edinburgh: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 24 December 2014 [22 May 2021]. 已やめ忽ゆるがせ略りゃく未知みち参さん数すう|orig-date= (帮助)
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Beltz, Johannes. The Dancing Shiva: South Indian Processional Bronze, Museum Artwork, and Universal Icon. Journal of Religion in Europe (Brill Academic Publishers). 2011-03-01, 4 (1): 204–222. S2CID 143631560. doi:10.1163/187489210x553566.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Lochtefeld, James G. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Volume 2. The Rosen Publishing Group. 2001: 784. ISBN 978-0-8239-3180-4.
^ Jones, Constance A.; Ryan, James D. Yoni. Melton, J. Gordon (编). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Encyclopedia of World Religions 1st. New York: Facts On File: 260–261, 515–517. 2007. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9. LCCN 2006044419. OCLC 255783694.
^ Indradeva, Shrirama. Correspondence between Woman and Nature in Indian Thought. Philosophy East and West. 1966, 16 (3/4): 161–168. JSTOR 1397538. doi:10.2307/1397538. , Quote: "Nature is my yoni (womb), [...]"
^ Grimes, John A. (1996). A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-3067-7.
^ Adams, Douglas Q. Studies in Tocharian Vocabulary IV: A Quartet of Words from a Tocharian B Magic Text. Journal of the American Oriental Society (JSTOR). 1986, 106 (2): 339–341. JSTOR 601599. doi:10.2307/601599. , Quote: "Yoni- 'womb, vulva', Yoni- "way, abode' is from a second PIE root [...]"; Indradeva, Shrirama. Correspondence between Woman and Nature in Indian Thought. Philosophy East and West (JSTOR). 1966, 16 (3/4): 161–168. JSTOR 1397538. doi:10.2307/1397538.
^ Abhinavagupta. A Trident of Wisdom: Translation of Paratrisika-vivarana. 由ゆかりJaideva Singh翻こぼし译. State University of New York Press. 1989: 122, 175. ISBN 978-0-7914-0180-4. , Quote: "yoni or womb [...]" p. 122, "[...] in the female aspect, it is known as yoni or female organ of generation [...], p. 175"
^ Cheris Kramarae; Dale Spender. Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge. Routledge. 2004: 1840. ISBN 978-1-135-96315-6. , Quote: "The sculpted image of the lingam usually stands erect in a shallow, circular basin that represents the yoni."
^ Medical literature from India, Sri Lanka, and Tibet. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 1991. ISBN 90-04-09522-5. OCLC 24501435.
^ Louis Renou (1939), L'acception première du mot sanskrit yoni (chemin), Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris, volume 40, number 2, pages 18-24
^ Gerd Carling. New look at the Tocharian B medical manuscript IOL Toch 306 (Stein Ch.00316. a2) of the British Library - Oriental and India Office Collections. Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics. 2003,. 116. Bd., 1. H. (1): 75–95. JSTOR 40849180. , Quote: "[...] diseases of the yoni (uterus and vagina) [...]"; Shivanandaiah, TM; Indudhar, TM. Lajjalu treatment of uterine prolapse. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine. 2010, 1 (2): 125–128. PMC 3151380 . PMID 21836800. doi:10.4103/0975-9476.65090 . , Quote: "[...] vaginal-uterine disorders (Yoni Vyapat) [...]"; Frueh, Joanna. Vaginal Aesthetics. Hypatia (Wiley). 2003, 18 (4): 137–158. S2CID 232180657. doi:10.1111/j.1527-2001.2003.tb01416.x.
^ Monier-Williams, Monier. Yoni. Harvard University Archives: 858. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于3 March 2009）.
^ Klostermaier, Klaus K. A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Oneworld Publications. 1998: 214. ISBN 978-178074-6-722 （英えい语）.
^ Urban, Hugh B. The Power of Tantra: Religion, Sexuality and the Politics of South Asian Studies. I.B.Tauris. 2009: 2–11, 35–41. ISBN 978-0-85773-158-6.
^ Andrew Hardy; Mauro Cucarzi; Patrizia Zolese. Champa and the archaeology of Mỹ Sơn (Vietnam). Singapore: NUS Press. 2009. ISBN 978-9971-69-451-7. OCLC 246492836.
^ Lopez, Donald S. Religions of India in Practice. Princeton University Press. 1995: 304–307. ISBN 978-0-691-04324-1.
^ Bolon, Carol Radcliffe. Forms of the Goddess Lajja Gauri in Indian Art. Pennsylvania State University Press. 2010: 40–47, 54. ISBN 978-0-271-04369-2.

这是一いち篇へん與あずか印度いんど相關そうかん的てき小しょう作品さくひん。您可以通过编辑或ある修おさむ订扩充其内容ないよう。

[dasgupta107-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Dasgupta, Rohit. Kimmel, Michael; Christine Milrod; Amanda Kennedy , 编. Cultural Encyclopedia of the Penis. Rowman & Littlefield. 26 September 2014: 107. ISBN 978-0-7591-2314-4.

[britannica-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Doniger, Wendy; Stefon, Matt. Yoni (Hinduism). Encyclopædia Britannica. Edinburgh: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 24 December 2014 [22 May 2021]. 已やめ忽ゆるがせ略りゃく未知みち参さん数すう|orig-date= (帮助)

[Beltzp204-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Beltz, Johannes. The Dancing Shiva: South Indian Processional Bronze, Museum Artwork, and Universal Icon. Journal of Religion in Europe (Brill Academic Publishers). 2011-03-01, 4 (1): 204–222. S2CID 143631560. doi:10.1163/187489210x553566.

[lochtefeld784-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Lochtefeld, James G. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Volume 2. The Rosen Publishing Group. 2001: 784. ISBN 978-0-8239-3180-4.

[JonesRyan2006p516-5] Jones, Constance A.; Ryan, James D. Yoni. Melton, J. Gordon (编). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Encyclopedia of World Religions 1st. New York: Facts On File: 260–261, 515–517. 2007. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9. LCCN 2006044419. OCLC 255783694.

[6] Indradeva, Shrirama. Correspondence between Woman and Nature in Indian Thought. Philosophy East and West. 1966, 16 (3/4): 161–168. JSTOR 1397538. doi:10.2307/1397538. , Quote: "Nature is my yoni (womb), [...]"

[7] Grimes, John A. (1996). A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-3067-7.

[Adams1986p339-8] Adams, Douglas Q. Studies in Tocharian Vocabulary IV: A Quartet of Words from a Tocharian B Magic Text. Journal of the American Oriental Society (JSTOR). 1986, 106 (2): 339–341. JSTOR 601599. doi:10.2307/601599. , Quote: "Yoni- 'womb, vulva', Yoni- "way, abode' is from a second PIE root [...]"; Indradeva, Shrirama. Correspondence between Woman and Nature in Indian Thought. Philosophy East and West (JSTOR). 1966, 16 (3/4): 161–168. JSTOR 1397538. doi:10.2307/1397538.

[9] Abhinavagupta. A Trident of Wisdom: Translation of Paratrisika-vivarana. 由ゆかりJaideva Singh翻こぼし译. State University of New York Press. 1989: 122, 175. ISBN 978-0-7914-0180-4. , Quote: "yoni or womb [...]" p. 122, "[...] in the female aspect, it is known as yoni or female organ of generation [...], p. 175"

[10] Cheris Kramarae; Dale Spender. Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge. Routledge. 2004: 1840. ISBN 978-1-135-96315-6. , Quote: "The sculpted image of the lingam usually stands erect in a shallow, circular basin that represents the yoni."

[MeulenbeldLeslie1991p57-11] Medical literature from India, Sri Lanka, and Tibet. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 1991. ISBN 90-04-09522-5. OCLC 24501435.

[renou-12] Louis Renou (1939), L'acception première du mot sanskrit yoni (chemin), Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris, volume 40, number 2, pages 18-24

[13] Gerd Carling. New look at the Tocharian B medical manuscript IOL Toch 306 (Stein Ch.00316. a2) of the British Library - Oriental and India Office Collections. Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics. 2003,. 116. Bd., 1. H. (1): 75–95. JSTOR 40849180. , Quote: "[...] diseases of the yoni (uterus and vagina) [...]"; Shivanandaiah, TM; Indudhar, TM. Lajjalu treatment of uterine prolapse. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine. 2010, 1 (2): 125–128. PMC 3151380 . PMID 21836800. doi:10.4103/0975-9476.65090 . , Quote: "[...] vaginal-uterine disorders (Yoni Vyapat) [...]"; Frueh, Joanna. Vaginal Aesthetics. Hypatia (Wiley). 2003, 18 (4): 137–158. S2CID 232180657. doi:10.1111/j.1527-2001.2003.tb01416.x.

[mmw858-14] Monier-Williams, Monier. Yoni. Harvard University Archives: 858. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于3 March 2009）.

[Klostermaier214-15] Klostermaier, Klaus K. A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Oneworld Publications. 1998: 214. ISBN 978-178074-6-722 （英えい语）.

[Urban2009p2-16] Urban, Hugh B. The Power of Tantra: Religion, Sexuality and the Politics of South Asian Studies. I.B.Tauris. 2009: 2–11, 35–41. ISBN 978-0-85773-158-6.

[hardy103-17] Andrew Hardy; Mauro Cucarzi; Patrizia Zolese. Champa and the archaeology of Mỹ Sơn (Vietnam). Singapore: NUS Press. 2009. ISBN 978-9971-69-451-7. OCLC 246492836.

[Lopez1995-18] Lopez, Donald S. Religions of India in Practice. Princeton University Press. 1995: 304–307. ISBN 978-0-691-04324-1.

[bolon1997p40-19] Bolon, Carol Radcliffe. Forms of the Goddess Lajja Gauri in Indian Art. Pennsylvania State University Press. 2010: 40–47, 54. ISBN 978-0-271-04369-2.

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