封ふう

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封ふう U+5C01, 封
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C01
← 尀
[U+5C00] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 専せん →
[U+5C02]

Translingual

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Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

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封ふう (Kangxi radical 41, 寸すん+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土ど土木どぼく戈ほこ (GGDI), four-corner 44100, composition ⿰圭けい寸すん)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 294, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7426
  • Dae Jaweon: page 581, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 504, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+5C01

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 封ふう

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 封ふう
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (封ふう) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
幫 *paːŋ
鞤 *paːŋ
封ふう *poŋ, *poŋs
葑 *poŋ, *poŋs
犎 *poŋ
崶 *poŋ
湗 *poŋs

Ideogrammic (會意かいい／会意かいい) and phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *poŋ, *poŋs) : abbreviated phonetic 丰 (OC *pʰoŋ, “seedling”) + 土ど (“dirt”) + 寸すん (“hand”) – mark boundaries by planting trees. Compare 邦くに.

Originally 丰 (OC *pʰoŋ), depicting a tree seedling. Variants that added any combination of 土ど (“dirt”), 又また (“hand”), 田た (“field”), 丮 (“kneeling person with hands stretched out”) appeared from bronze inscriptions onwards.

Etymology

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Area etymon (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Tibetan ཕུང་པོ (phung po, “heap”), Tibetan སྤུང (spung, “heap”), Lepcha ᰣᰦᰎᰪᰵ (a-pŭŋ, “a heap; a stock”), Mizo [Term?] (puŋᴴ), [Term?] (punᴸ, “increase; assemble”), Mizo vûng (vuuŋᴴ), vûn (vuunᴸ, “swollen”), Mizo vûng (vuuŋᴿ, “heap; mound”), Chepang भुङ्‌हसा (bhuŋh-, “to be burst or peak of activity (flowering, field work etc.)”). Compare also Khmer ពោង (poong, “protuberances/bumps on an animal's head”), Khmer សំពោង (sɑmpoong, “puffed up; swollen”).

邦くに (OC *proːŋ, “country”) may be the same etymon (Wang, 1982, Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note: pang - vernacular, hong - literary.
Note:
  • huang1 - vernacular;
  • hong1 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 封ふう
Mandarin Beijing /fəŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /fəŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /fəŋ²¹/
Jinan /fəŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /fəŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /fəŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /fəŋ²¹/
Xining /fə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /fəŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /fə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /fɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /foŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /foŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /foŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /foŋ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /fən³¹/
Hefei /fəŋ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /fəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /xuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /fə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /foŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /foŋ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /foŋ³³/
Wenzhou /hoŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /fʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /fan¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /xoŋ³³/
Xiangtan /ɸən³³/
Gan Nanchang /fuŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /fuŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /fuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /foŋ⁵³/
Nanning /fuŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /fuŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hɔŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /huŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xɔŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hoŋ³³/
/huaŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /foŋ²³/
/ʔbaŋ²³/
Rime
Character 封ふう 封ふう
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲こえ) 幫 (1) 幫 (1)
Final (韻いん) 鍾 (7) 鍾 (7)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open Open
Division (等ひとし) III III
Fanqie 府ふ容よう切きり 方ほう用よう切きり
Baxter pjowng pjowngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pɨoŋ/ /pɨoŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pioŋ/ /pioŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pioŋ/ /pioŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/puawŋ/ /puawŋH/
Li
Rong 		/pioŋ/ /pioŋH/
Wang
Li 		/pĭwoŋ/ /pĭwoŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pi̯woŋ/ /pi̯woŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fēng fèng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fung1 fung3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 封ふう
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fēng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjowng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*p(r)oŋ/
English raise a mound; enfeoff

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 封ふう 封ふう
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 3253 3259
Phonetic
component 		封ふう 封ふう
Rime
group 		東ひがし 東ひがし
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		封ふう 葑
Old
Chinese 		/*poŋ/ /*poŋs/
Notes 甲きのえ文ぶん同どう豐ゆたか金きむ文ぶん加か又また或ある寸すん轉てん註，
表ひょう封ふう土ど植うえ木き爲ため封ふう疆

Definitions

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

封ふう

  1. (literary) border; boundary
  2. (literary) to raise a mound
  3. to close; to seal; to bind
    封ふう閉／封ふう闭  ―  fēngbì  ―  to close'; to seal off
    冰封ふう  ―  bīngfēng  ―  to be frozen
    把わ罐子かんす封ふう上うえ  ―  bǎ guànzi fēng shàng  ―  to seal the jar
  4. to block (a website, a person on the Internet, etc.); to censor
  5. envelope; wrapper
    信しん封ふう  ―  xìnfēng  ―  envelope; letter
  6. cover of a book
    封ふう面めん  ―  fēngmiàn  ―  cover of a book
  7. Classifier for envelopes, letters and mail. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
    一いち封ふう信しん函はこ  ―  yī fēng xìnhán  ―  an envelope
  8. to confer (a title) upon; to enfeoff
  9. (literary, of emperors) to build an altar to worship heaven
    封ふう禪ぜん／封ふう禅ぜん  ―  fēngshàn  ―  to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth
  10. Short for 封建ほうけん主義しゅぎ／封建ほうけん主ぬし义 (fēngjiàn zhǔyì, “feudalism”).
  11. a surname

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 封ふう (“(classifier for letters)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 封ふう
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 封ふう
Taiwan 封ふう
Chengde 封ふう
Chifeng 封ふう
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 封ふう
Heihe 封ふう
Qiqihar 封ふう
Harbin 封ふう
Jiamusi 封ふう
Baicheng 封ふう
Changchun 封ふう
Tonghua 封ふう
Shenyang 封ふう
Jinzhou 封ふう
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 封ふう
Tangshan 封ふう
Cangzhou 封ふう
Baoding 封ふう
Shijiazhuang 封ふう
Lijin 封ふう
Jinan 封ふう
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 封ふう
Dandong 封ふう
Yantai 封ふう
Qingdao 封ふう
Zhucheng 封ふう
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 封ふう
Jining 封ふう
Linfen 封ふう
Shangqiu 封ふう
Yuanyang 封ふう
Zhengzhou 封ふう
Xinyang 封ふう
Ankang 封ふう
Xi'an 封ふう
Baoji 封ふう
Tianshui 封ふう
Xining 封ふう
Xuzhou 封ふう
Fuyang 封ふう
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 封ふう
Lanzhou 封ふう
Dunhuang 封ふう
Hami 封ふう
Ürümqi 封ふう
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 封ふう
Nanchong 封ふう
Dazhou 封ふう
Hanyuan 封ふう
Xichang 封ふう
Zigong 封ふう
Chongqing 封ふう
Wuhan 封ふう
Yichang 封ふう
Xiangyang 封ふう
Tianmen 封ふう
Guiyang 封ふう
Zunyi 封ふう
Bijie 封ふう
Liping 封ふう
Zhaotong 封ふう
Dali 封ふう
Kunming 封ふう
Mengzi 封ふう
Guilin 封ふう
Liuzhou 封ふう
Jishou 封ふう
Changde 封ふう
Hanzhong 封ふう
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 封ふう
Yangzhou 封ふう
Lianyungang 封ふう
Lianshui 封ふう
Nantong 封ふう
Anqing 封ふう
Wuhu 封ふう
Hefei 封ふう
Hong'an 封ふう
Cantonese Guangzhou 封ふう
Hong Kong 封ふう
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 封ふう
Macau 封ふう
Guangzhou (Panyu) 封ふう
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 封ふう
Guangzhou (Conghua) 封ふう
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 封ふう
Foshan 封ふう
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 封ふう
Foshan (Shunde) 封ふう
Foshan (Sanshui) 封ふう
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 封ふう
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 封ふう
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 封ふう
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 封ふう
Zhuhai (Doumen) 封ふう
Jiangmen (Baisha) 封ふう
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 封ふう
Taishan 封ふう
Kaiping (Chikan) 張ちょう
Enping (Niujiang) 封ふう
Heshan (Yayao) 封ふう
Dongguan 封ふう
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 封ふう
Hakka Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 封ふう
Dongguan (Qingxi) 封ふう
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 封ふう
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 封ふう
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 封ふう
Huizhou Shexian 封ふう
Jin Taiyuan 封ふう
Yangyuan 封ふう
Datong 封ふう
Xinzhou 封ふう
Lüliang (Lishi) 封ふう
Changzhi 封ふう
Linhe 封ふう
Jining 封ふう
Hohhot 封ふう
Erenhot 封ふう
Pingshan 封ふう
Zhangjiakou 封ふう
Handan 封ふう
Linzhou 封ふう
Suide 封ふう
Eastern Min Fuqing 張ちょう
Southern Min Xiamen 封ふう
Jinjiang 張ちょう
Yongchun 張ちょう
Tainan 張ちょう
Datian 封ふう
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 封ふう

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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封ふう

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. to seal, to close

Readings

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Compounds

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Korean

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Hanja

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封ふう (eumhun 봉할 봉 (bonghal bong))

  1. hanja form? of 봉 (“letter, envelope”)

封ふう (eumhun 묻을 폄 (mudeul pyeom))

  1. hanja form? of 폄 (“close, hide, seal”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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封ふう: Hán Nôm readings: phong

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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