封
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 294, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7426
- Dae Jaweon: page 581, character 21
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 504, character 14
- Unihan data for U+5C01
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic (
Originally 丰 (OC *pʰoŋ), depicting a tree seedling. Variants that added any combination of
Etymology
[edit]Area etymon (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Tibetan ཕུང་པོ (phung po, “heap”), Tibetan སྤུང (spung, “heap”), Lepcha ᰣᰦᰎᰪᰵ (a-pŭŋ, “a heap; a stock”), Mizo [Term?] (puŋᴴ), [Term?] (punᴸ, “increase; assemble”), Mizo vûng (vuuŋᴴ), vûn (vuunᴸ, “swollen”), Mizo vûng (vuuŋᴿ, “heap; mound”), Chepang भुङ्हसा (bhuŋh-, “to be burst or peak of activity (flowering, field work etc.)”). Compare also Khmer ពោង (poong, “protuberances/bumps on an animal's head”), Khmer សំពោង (sɑmpoong, “puffed up; swollen”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fong1
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): fung1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): feng1
- Northern Min (KCR): hó̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): hŭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1fon
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): hong1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fong
- Wade–Giles: fêng1
- Yale: fēng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: feng
- Palladius: фэн (fɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: fong1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fung
- Sinological IPA (key): /foŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fung1
- Yale: fūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: fung1
- Guangdong Romanization: fung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: fuung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɵŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: fung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fuŋ⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûng
- Hakka Romanization System: fung´
- Hagfa Pinyim: fung1
- Sinological IPA: /fuŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: feng1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /fə̃ŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hó̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /xɔŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /huŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: huang1 / hong1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huang / hong
- Sinological IPA (key): /huaŋ³³/, /hoŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
- huang1 - vernacular;
- hong1 - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /fəŋ⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /fəŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /fəŋ²¹/ | |
Jinan | /fəŋ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /fəŋ²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /fəŋ²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /fəŋ²¹/ | |
Xining | /fə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /fəŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /fə̃n³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /fɤŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /foŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /foŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /foŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /foŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /fən³¹/ | |
Hefei | /fəŋ²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /fəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /xuŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /fə̃ŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /foŋ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /foŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /foŋ³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /hoŋ³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /fʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /fan¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /xoŋ³³/ |
Xiangtan | /ɸən³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /fuŋ⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /fuŋ⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /fuŋ²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /foŋ⁵³/ |
Nanning | /fuŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /fuŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hɔŋ⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /huŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xɔŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /hoŋ³³/ /huaŋ³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /foŋ²³/ /ʔbaŋ²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: pjowng, pjowngH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*p(r)oŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*poŋ/, /*poŋs/
Definitions
[edit]- (literary) border; boundary
- (literary) to raise a mound
- to close; to seal; to bind
- to block (a website, a person on the Internet, etc.); to censor
- envelope; wrapper
- cover of a book
- Classifier for envelopes, letters and mail. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
- to confer (a title) upon; to enfeoff
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Tāng fēng Xià zhī hòu, zhì Zhōu fēng yú Qǐ yě. [Pinyin]
- Tang enfeoffed the descendants of the Xia dynasty; until the Zhou dynasty's time their fief was at Qi.
湯 封 夏 之 後 ,至 周 封 於杞也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
汤封 夏 之 后 ,至 周 封 于杞也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary, of emperors) to build an altar to worship heaven
- From: Guanzi, 5th century BCE to 220 CE
- Fēng yú Tàishān, Shàn yú Liángfǔ. Fēngshàn zhī wáng, qīshí'èr jiā. [Pinyin]
- Some seventy-two kings performed the Feng sacrifice [to Heaven] on Mount Tai and the Shan sacrifice [to Earth] on Liangfu (translation based on Rickett, 1998)
封 於泰山 ,禪 於梁 父 。封 禪 之 王 ,七 十 二 家 。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]封 于泰山 ,禅 于梁 父 。封 禅 之 王 ,七 十 二 家 。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: 《
大 戴禮記 》 Records of Ritual Matters by Dai the Elder, Late Western Han - Shìyǐ fēng Tàishān ér shàn Liángfǔ, cháo zhūhóu ér yī tiānxià. [Pinyin]
- So he offered sacrifices to Heaven at Mount Tai and offer sacrifices to Earth at Liangfu; he gathered the various princes and united All under Heaven.
是 以封 泰山 而禪 梁 甫 ,朝 諸侯 而一 天下 。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]是 以封 泰山 而禅 梁 甫 ,朝 诸侯而一 天下 。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: 《
- Short for
封建 主義 /封建 主 义 (fēngjiàn zhǔyì, “feudalism”). - a surname
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]伯 封 信 封 (xìnfēng)冊 封 /册 封 (cèfēng)- 冰封 (bīngfēng)
分封 (fēnfēng)分封 交換 /分封 交换列 土 封 疆加 封 (jiāfēng)原 封 (yuánfēng)原 封 不動 /原 封 不 动 (yuánfēngbùdòng)- 受封
四 封 堤 封 - 堯封/尧封
塵 封 /尘封 (chénfēng)塵 封 網 罥/尘封网罥 (chénfēngwǎngjuàn)密封 (mìfēng)密封 遺 囑 /密封 遗嘱封 了 火 封 事 封 人 (fēngrén)封 住 封 侯 封 侯 拜 相 封 侯 萬里 封 侯 賜 爵/封 侯 赐爵封 兒 /封 儿封 典 封 包 (fēngbāo)封印 (fēngyìn)封 口 (fēngkǒu)封 君 (fēngjūn)封地 (fēngdì)封 域 封 墊/封 垫封 境 封 墓 封 壤封 奏 封 套 (fēngtào)封 妻 廕子/封 妻 荫子封 姨封 存 (fēngcún)封 官 封 官許 願 /封 官 许愿封 山 (fēngshān)封 山 育 林 封 巒/封 峦封 底 (fēngdǐ)封建 (fēngjiàn)封建 制度 (fēngjiàn zhìdù)封建 思想 封建 社會 /封建 社会 (fēngjiàn shèhuì)封 彌 /封 弥 封 拜 封 押封 控 (fēngkòng)封 條 /封 条 (fēngtiáo)封 棺 封 樁/封 桩封 樹 /封 树封 殖 封殺 /封 杀 (fēngshā)封 河 封 泥 封 港 封 火 封 爐 /封 炉 封 爵 (fēngjué)封 牛 (fēngniú)封 狐 封 略 封 畿封 疆 (fēngjiāng)封皮 (fēngpí)封 神 (fēngshén)封 神 傳 /封 神 传 (Fēngshénzhuàn)封 神 演義 /封 神 演 义 (Fēngshén Yǎnyì)封 祖 蔭 孫 /封 祖 荫孙封 禪 /封 禅 (fēngshàn)封筒 (fēngtǒng)封 筆 /封 笔 (fēngbǐ)封筒 逆 封 封 箱 封 箱 戲 /封 箱 戏封 網 /封 网封緘 器 /封 缄器封 缸酒封 翁 封 胡 羯末封 胡 遏末封 臺 /封 台 封 船 封 號 /封 号 (fēnghào)封 蠟/封 蜡 (fēnglà)封 袋 封 裝 /封 装 (fēngzhuāng)封 裡 /封 里 封 襲 /封 袭封 誥/封 诰封 豕 封 豕 長蛇 /封 豕 长蛇封 貨/封 货封 貯/封 贮封 賞 /封 赏 (fēngshǎng)封 贈 /封 赠封鎖 /封 锁 (fēngsuǒ)封鎖 現場 /封 锁现场封鎖 線 /封 锁线 (fēngsuǒxiàn)封 門 /封 门封 閉/封 闭 (fēngbì)封 閉社會 /封 闭社会 封 關 /封 关 (fēngguān)封 面 (fēngmiàn)封 面 人物 (fēngmiàn rénwù)封 面 女郎 封 面 設計 /封 面 设计封 頂 /封 顶 (fēngdǐng)封 題 /封 题封 齋 /封 斋 (fēngzhāi)彌 封 /弥 封 (mífēng)- 拆封 (chāifēng)
拜 將 封 侯 /拜 将 封 侯 拜 相 封 侯 提 封 (tífēng)放 封 故 步 自 封 (gùbùzìfēng)- 敕封 (chìfēng)
啟 封 /启封 (qǐfēng)晉 封 /晋 封 李 廣 難 封 /李 广难封 束髮 封 帛/束 发封帛- 查封 (cháfēng)
比 屋 可 封 比 屋 而封泥 封 泥 封 函 谷 海上 封鎖 /海上 封 锁發 封 /发封登 封 (Dēngfēng)萬里 封 侯 稱 王 封 后 空中 封鎖 /空中 封 锁紀 念 信 封 /纪念信 封 紙上 封鎖 /纸上封 锁素封 紫 泥 封 經濟 封鎖 /经济封 锁老 封 君 腰 封 自 封 (zìfēng)華 封 三 祝 /华封三 祝 董 氏 封 髮 /董 氏 封 发蔭 子 封 妻 /荫子封 妻 蔭 封 /荫封- 蛛網
塵 封 /蛛网尘封 (zhūwǎngchénfēng) 蟻 封 /蚁封- 蠟封/蜡封
- 褒封
襲 封 /袭封見 血 封 喉 /见血封 喉 - 覓封
侯 /觅封侯 計 勞 納 封 /计劳纳封- 誥封/诰封
論功 封 賞 /论功封 赏論功 行 封 /论功行 封 談笑 封 侯 /谈笑封 侯 護 封 /护封- 貤封/𰷠
封 賞 封 /赏封- 跑封
人 - 踰封/逾封
追 封 釘 封 文書 /钉封文 书鉛 封 /铅封開封 /开封 (kāifēng)開門 封 兒 /开门封 儿隨 封 /随 封 - 雍齒
封 侯 露 封 首 日 封 (shǒurìfēng)馬 封 /马封馬 鬣 封 /马鬣封 (mǎlièfēng)魚 封 /鱼封黃 封 /黄 封
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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