逆
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1256, character 30
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38849
- Dae Jaweon: page 1741, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3833, character 2
- Unihan data for U+9006
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
---|---|
斥 | *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ |
訴 | *sŋaːɡs |
泝 | *sŋaːɡs |
愬 | *sŋaːɡs, *sŋreːɡ |
*sŋaːɡs | |
塑 | *sŋaːɡs |
*sŋaːɡs | |
遻 | *ŋaːɡs |
柝 | *tŋ̊ʰaːɡ |
*ŋaːɡ | |
諤 | *ŋaːɡ |
齶 | *ŋaːɡ |
*ŋaːɡ | |
遌 | *ŋaːɡ |
崿 | *ŋaːɡ |
偔 | *ŋaːɡ |
堮 | *ŋaːɡ |
湂 | *ŋaːɡ |
鱷 | *ŋaːɡ |
噩 | *ŋaːɡ |
咢 | *ŋaːɡ |
鑩 | *ŋaːɡ |
鄂 | *ŋaːɡ |
*ŋaːɡ | |
*ŋaːɡ | |
愕 | *ŋaːɡ |
*ŋaːɡ | |
*sŋraːɡ | |
槊 | *sraːwɢ |
蒴 | *sraːwɢ |
坼 | *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ |
拆 | *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ |
*ŋraɡ | |
屰 | *ŋraɡ |
縌 | *ŋraɡ |
蝷 | *reːɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (
Also originally written 屰, see there for more.
Etymology 1
[edit]trad. | ||
---|---|---|
simp. # | ||
alternative forms | 屰 𨒫 |
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋra-k/ŋ (“to meet; to encounter”). Cognate with
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyie2
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): nieh5
- Northern Min (KCR): ngà̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngĭk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8gniq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyi6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nì
- Wade–Giles: ni4
- Yale: nì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nih
- Palladius: ни (ni)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nyie2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nie
- Sinological IPA (key): /nʲiɛ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jik6 / ngaak6
- Yale: yihk / ngaahk
- Cantonese Pinyin: jik9 / ngaak9
- Guangdong Romanization: yig6 / ngag6
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɪk̚²/, /ŋaːk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- jik6 - literary;
- ngaak6 - vernacular.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ngak5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡak̚³²/
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngia̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiag
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiag6
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯ak̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: nieh5
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /niəʔ⁵⁴/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngà̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɛ⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngĭk
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋiʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k
- Tâi-lô: gi̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: gek
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiɪk̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡiɪk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍k
- Tâi-lô: gia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: giak
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ɡiak̚²⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ngêg8 / ngiag8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nge̍k / ngia̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋek̚⁴/, /ŋiak̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: nyi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /n̠ʲi²⁴/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ni⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /ni⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /ni⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /ȵi⁴²/ /i⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /ni⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /i⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /ni²¹/ | |
Xining | /mji²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /ni¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ȵi¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ȵi²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /ni²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /ȵie³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /ni²¹/ | |
Kunming | /ni³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /liʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /liəʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /niəʔ⁵⁴/ |
Pingyao | /niʌʔ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /niəʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ȵiɪʔ¹/ |
Suzhou | /ȵiəʔ³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ȵiəʔ²/ | |
Wenzhou | /ȵai²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ni²²/ |
Tunxi | ||
Xiang | Changsha | /ȵi²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /ȵi²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | |
Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiak̚⁵/ |
Taoyuan | /ŋiɑk̚⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jek̚²/ |
Nanning | /nek̚²²/ /ŋek̚²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /jik̚²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /gik̚⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋiʔ⁵/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ŋɛ⁴²/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /ŋek̚⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ŋek̚³/ |
- Middle Chinese: ngjaek
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋrak/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋraɡ/
Definitions
[edit]- (literary) to greet; to meet; to welcome
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Dàfū nì yú jìng zhě, zhí qí shǒu ér yǔ zhī yán, dào nì zhě, zì chē yī zhī, nì yú mén zhě, hàn zhī ér yǐ. [Pinyin]
- Of the great officers who met him at the borders, he took the hands, and spoke with them. To those who met him [afterwards] on the road, he bowed, [saluting them with his hands]. To those [who were waiting] at the gate, he only nodded.
大夫 逆 於竟者 ,執 其手 而與 之 言 ,道 逆 者 ,自 車 揖之 ,逆 於門 者 ,頷之 而已 。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]大夫 逆 于竟者 ,执其手 而与 之 言 ,道 逆 者 ,自 车揖之 ,逆 于门者 ,颔之 而已 。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) to meet the enemy head-on
- (literary) to accept
- opposite
- to go against; to disobey
- to resist; to reject
- to rebel; to betray
- adverse; unfavourable
逆 境 ― nìjìng ― adverse situations
- rebel; traitor
- in advance
Compounds
[edit]亂臣 逆子 /乱臣 逆子 亂逆 /乱逆 (luànnì)- 以意
逆 志 倒 行 逆 施 (dàoxíngnìshī)凶 逆 反逆 (fǎnnì)叛逆 (pànnì)可逆 反應 /可逆 反 应 (kěnì fǎnyìng)吐逆 - 呃逆 (ènì)
- 嘔逆/呕逆
大逆 (dànì)大逆 不孝 大逆 不 道 (dànìbùdào)大逆無道 /大逆 无道 (dànìwúdào)封筒 逆 封 忠言 逆 耳 (zhōngyánnì'ěr)- 忤逆 (wǔnì)
- 忤逆
不孝 (wǔnì bùxiào) 悖 逆 (bèinì)惡逆 /恶逆抗 逆 力 (kàngnìlì)- 批
逆鱗 /批逆鳞 拂 逆 - 昏逆
本末 舛 逆 - 桀逆
放恣 橫 逆 /横 逆 氣 逆 /气逆目 逆 相 視 莫逆 /相 视莫逆 - 篡逆 (cuànnì)
罪 逆 深 重 背 逆 舛 逆 莫逆 (mònì)莫逆 之 交 (mònìzhījiāo)莫逆 之 友 莫逆 之 契 莫逆 交- 衝波
逆 折 /冲波逆 折 襲 逆 /袭逆覆 逆 觸 逆 /触 逆 - 討逆
除 暴/讨逆除 暴 - 誅凶殄逆
- 誅凶討逆/诛凶讨逆
- 誅暴討逆/诛暴讨逆
- 誖逆
謀 逆 /谋逆 (móunì)謀 逆 不軌 /谋逆不 轨貿易 逆 差 /贸易逆 差 賊臣 逆子 /贼臣逆子 逆 亂 /逆 乱 (nìluàn)逆 事 逆 來 順 受/逆 来 顺受 (nìláishùnshòu)逆 倫 /逆 伦逆光 (nìguāng)逆 入 平出 逆 勢 /逆 势逆 取 順守 /逆 取 顺守逆 叛逆 向 (nìxiàng)逆 向 公 車 /逆 向 公 车逆 向 思考 逆 向 整合 逆 命 逆境 (nìjìng)逆 增 逆 天 悖理 逆 天 暴物逆 天 犯 順 /逆 天 犯 顺逆 天 背理 逆 天 違 理 /逆 天 违理逆 女 逆子 (nìzǐ)逆子 賊臣 /逆子 贼臣逆 家子 逆 差 (nìchā)逆 序 逆 折 逆接 逆 料 (nìliào)逆旅 (nìlǚ)逆 水 (nìshuǐ)逆水 行 舟 (nìshuǐxíngzhōu)逆流 (nìliú)逆 溫 /逆 温 逆 溯 逆 溫 層 /逆 温 层逆理 違 天 /逆理 违天逆產 /逆 产逆睹 逆 知 逆 耳 (nì'ěr)逆 耳 之 言 逆 耳 利行 逆 耳 忠言 逆臣 賊子 /逆臣 贼子逆行 (nìxíng)逆行 倒 施 逆 訪 /逆 访逆 詐 /逆 诈逆 證 /逆 证逆 豎/逆 竖 (nìshù)逆賊 /逆 贼 (nìzéi)逆轉 /逆 转 (nìzhuǎn)逆 道 亂 常 /逆 道 乱 常 逆 鋒 /逆 锋逆風 /逆 风 (nìfēng)逆風 撐船/逆 风撑船 逆鱗 /逆 鳞 (nìlín)違 逆 /违逆 (wéinì)附 逆 順 我 者 昌 ,逆 我 者 亡 /顺我者 昌 ,逆 我 者 亡 (shùn wǒ zhě chāng, nì wǒ zhě wáng)- 頑逆/顽逆
高空 逆 溫 /高空 逆 温
Etymology 2
[edit]trad. | ||
---|---|---|
simp. # | ||
alternative forms | 扴 桀 恝 椵 硌 |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke̍h
- Tâi-lô: ke̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: keh
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /keʔ⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /keʔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke̍eh
- Tâi-lô: ke̍eh
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛʔ¹²¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gêh8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ke̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /keʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
Definitions
[edit]- (Hokkien, Teochew) to oppose; to go against
- (Xiamen Hokkien) unable to be harmonious
- (Hokkien) to be stuck in (something)
- (Hokkien) to impede; to hinder
- (Teochew) to quit (something bad)
Compounds
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Shinjitai | ||
Kyūjitai [1] |
󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) |
![]() |
󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ぎゃく (gyaku, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: げき (geki)
- Kun: さか (saka,
逆 , Jōyō); さかう (sakau,逆 う); さかさ (sakasa,逆 さ); さかさま (sakasama,逆 さま); さかしま (sakashima,逆 しま); さかる (sakaru,逆 る); さからう (sakarau,逆 らう, Jōyō); むかたむ (mukatamu,逆 む)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
ぎゃく Grade: 5 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]- reverse; contrary; opposite
位置 が逆 なことに気 づく- ichi ga gyaku na koto ni kizuku
- to notice that the positions are switched
- すごすぎて
逆 に普通 - sugosugite gyaku ni futsū
- so extraordinary that it's actually not that interesting
- クソすぎて
逆 に見 たい- kusosugite gyaku ni mitai
- so shitty that on the contrary, I do want to see
逆 に知 りたい- gyaku ni shiritai
- honestly, I want to know too
- (logic) converse
Inflection
[edit]Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective ( |
ぎゃくだろ | gyaku daro | |
Continuative ( |
ぎゃくで | gyaku de | |
Terminal ( |
ぎゃくだ | gyaku da | |
Attributive ( |
ぎゃくな | gyaku na | |
Hypothetical ( |
ぎゃくなら | gyaku nara | |
Imperative ( |
ぎゃくであれ | gyaku de are | |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | ぎゃくではない ぎゃくじゃない |
gyaku de wa nai gyaku ja nai | |
Informal past | ぎゃくだった | gyaku datta | |
Informal negative past | ぎゃくではなかった ぎゃくじゃなかった |
gyaku de wa nakatta gyaku ja nakatta | |
Formal | ぎゃくです | gyaku desu | |
Formal negative | ぎゃくではありません ぎゃくじゃありません |
gyaku de wa arimasen gyaku ja arimasen | |
Formal past | ぎゃくでした | gyaku deshita | |
Formal negative past | ぎゃくではありませんでした ぎゃくじゃありませんでした |
gyaku de wa arimasen deshita gyaku ja arimasen deshita | |
Conjunctive | ぎゃくで | gyaku de | |
Conditional | ぎゃくなら(ば) | gyaku nara (ba) | |
Provisional | ぎゃくだったら | gyaku dattara | |
Volitional | ぎゃくだろう | gyaku darō | |
Adverbial | ぎゃくに | gyaku ni | |
Degree | ぎゃくさ | gyakusa |
See also
[edit]Noun
[edit]Antonyms
[edit]Affix
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
さか Grade: 5 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of | ||
| ||
(This term, |
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 반역 (
反逆 /叛逆 , banyeok, “revolt, rebellion”) - 역전 (
逆轉 , yeokjeon, “reversal; comeback”) - 역풍 (
逆風 , yeokpung, “adverse wind, headwind”)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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