中なか

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See also: 𝌆, Φふぁい, Ф, and ቀ
中なか U+4E2D, 中
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E2D
← 丬
[U+4E2C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丮 →
[U+4E2E]

Translingual

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Stroke order
4 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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中なか (Kangxi radical 2, 丨+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 中なか (L), four-corner 50006, composition ⿻口くち丨)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 79, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 73
  • Dae Jaweon: page 158, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 28, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+4E2D

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 中なか
alternative forms 𠁦
𠁧
𠁩
𠔈
𠔗
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 中なか
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Shizhoupian script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script
j00886
j00887
j00888
j00889
j00890
j00891
j00892
j00893
j00894
j00895
j00896
j00897
j00898
j00899
j00900
j00901
j00902
j00903
j00904
j00905
j00906
j00907
j00908
j00909
j00910
j00911
j00912
j00913
j00914
j00915
j00916
j00917
j00918
j00919
b00634
b00635
b00636
b00637
b00638
b00639
b00640
b00641
b00642
b00643
b00644
b00645
b00646
b00647
b00648
b00649
b00650
b00651
b00652
b00653
b00654
b00655
b00656
b00657
b00658
b00659
b00660
b00661
b00662
b00663
b00664
b00665
b00666
b00667
b00668
b00669
b00670
b00671
b00672
b00673
b00674
b00675
b00676
b00677
b00678
b00679
s00273
s00274
s00275
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (中なか) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
中なか *tuŋ, *tuŋs
忠ただし *tuŋ
衷 *tuŋ, *tuŋs
忡 *tʰuŋ
浺 *tʰuŋ
盅 *tʰuŋ, *duŋ, *tjoŋ
种 *duŋ
沖おき *duŋ
翀 *duŋ
仲なか *duŋs

Pictogram (象形しょうけい) – a flagpole. Based on archaeological evidence, the middle box has been interpreted as a drum (建けん鼓こ). This flagpole with a drum was placed in the center of a field to gather people and to detect the direction of the wind. In addition, the pronunciation of 中なか (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) is reminiscent of the beating of a drum.

Shuowen interprets the character as a vertical stroke 丨 passing through the center of 口くち, indicating the center.

It has also been interpreted as an arrow in the center of a target.

Etymology

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“Middle; centre” (Pronunciation 1) > “to hit the centre; to attain” (Pronunciation 2).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t/duŋ. Cognate with Tibetan གཞུང (gzhung, “middle, center”).

Related to:

  • 衷 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs, “middle; inner garment; inner feelings”);
  • 仲なか (OC *duŋs, “second (of the brothers or months)”).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
Note:
  • chûng, zung1 - literary;
  • tûng, dung4 - vernacular.
Note:
  • dé̤ng - literary;
  • dô̤ng - vernacular.
Note:
  • dṳ̆ng - literary;
  • dŏng - vernacular.
Note:
Note:
  • dang1 - vernacular;
  • dong1/diong1 - literary (diong1 - Chaoyang).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 中なか
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂuŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂuŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡suŋ²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂuŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /p͡fəŋ²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂuə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂuŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /p͡fə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂuŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂoŋ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂoŋ³¹/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡suəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡suŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡soŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡soŋ³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕoŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /t͡san¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂoŋ³³/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂən³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡suŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /tuŋ⁴⁴/ ～心しん
/t͡suŋ⁴⁴/ ～間あいだ
Taoyuan /tuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡soŋ⁵³/
Nanning /t͡suŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡suŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tiɔŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tyŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tœyŋ⁵⁴/
/tœyŋ³³/ ～奬すすむ
Shantou (Teochew) /toŋ³³/
/taŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /toŋ²³/
Rime
Character 中なか
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲こえ) 知ち (9)
Final (韻いん) 東ひがし (2)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 陟のぼる弓ゆみ切きり
Baxter trjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʈɨuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈiuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȶiuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈuwŋ/
Li
Rong 		/ȶiuŋ/
Wang
Li 		/ȶĭuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȶi̯uŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhōng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zung1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 中なか
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhōng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ trjuwng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*truŋ/
English center

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 中なか
Reading # 1/2
No. 17407
Phonetic
component 		中なか
Rime
group 		終おわり
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		中なか
Old
Chinese 		/*tuŋ/

Definitions

[edit]

中なか

  1. middle; center
    居きょ中なか  ―  jūzhōng  ―  to be placed in the middle
    華はな中なか／华中なか  ―  Huázhōng  ―  Central China
  2. medium; intermediary
    中なか型かた  ―  zhōngxíng  ―  medium-size; mid-size
    這件けん夾克有ゆう三さん個こ尺せき碼：小しょう、中なか、大だい。 [MSC, trad.]
    这件けん夹克有ゆう三さん个尺せき码：小しょう、中なか、大だい。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè jiàn jiākè yǒu sān ge chǐmǎ: xiǎo, zhōng, dà. [Pinyin]
    You can get the jacket in three sizes - small, medium and large.
  3. within; among; in
    水みず中なか  ―  shuǐ zhōng  ―  in the water
    我わが們中なか間あいだ有ゆう一いち個こ15歲とし的てき女おんな孩。 [MSC, trad.]
    我わが们中なか间有ゆう一いち个15岁的てき女おんな孩。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen zhōngjiān yǒu yīge 15 suì de nǚhái. [Pinyin]
    A 15-year-old girl was among us.
    他た在ざい事故じこ中なか受傷じゅしょう。 [MSC, trad.]
    他た在ざい事故じこ中なか受伤。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā zài shìgù zhōng shòushāng. [Pinyin]
    He was injured in the accident.
  4. while; in the process of; during; in the middle of
    發展はってん中なか國家こっか／发展中なか国家こっか  ―  fāzhǎn zhōng guójiā  ―  developing countries
    網あみ頁ぺーじ正せい在ざい建設けんせつ中なか。 [MSC, trad.]
    网页正せい在ざい建けん设中なか。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǎngyè zhèngzài jiànshè zhōng. [Pinyin]
    The website is under construction.
  5. to be fit for
    中なか用よう  ―  zhōngyòng  ―  to be useful
    中なか聽／中なか听  ―  zhōngtīng  ―  pleasant to the ear
  6. heart; innermost being
  7. intermediary
  8. (dialectal) all right; OK
  9. (Cantonese) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    五ご四よん中なか二に十じゅう [Cantonese]  ―  ng5 sei3 zung1 ji6 sap6 [Jyutping]  ―  five time four equals twenty
  10. Short for 中國ちゅうごく／中国ちゅうごく (Zhōngguó, “China; Chinese”).
    中なか醫い／中なか医い  ―  zhōngyī  ―  traditional Chinese medicine
    中なか美よし關係かんけい／中なか美よし关系  ―  Zhōng Měi guānxì  ―  China–United States relation
  11. Short for 中學ちゅうがく／中学ちゅうがく (zhōngxué, “middle school”). Used only in the abbreviation of the name.
    三さん中なか  ―  Sān Zhōng  ―  No.3 Middle School
  12. 1st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "the center" (𝌆)
  13. a surname

Synonyms

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  • (China):

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Note:
  • tiòng - literary;
  • tèng - vernacular;
  • thàng - vernacular (limited).
Note:
  • dong3 - literary;
  • dêng3 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 中なか
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲こえ) 知ち (9)
Final (韻いん) 東ひがし (2)
Tone (調しらべ) Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 陟のぼる仲なか切きり
Baxter trjuwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʈɨuŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈiuŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȶiuŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈuwŋH/
Li
Rong 		/ȶiuŋH/
Wang
Li 		/ȶĭuŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȶi̯uŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhòng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zung3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 中なか
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhòng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ trjuwngH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*truŋ-s/
English hit the center

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 中なか
Reading # 2/2
No. 17410
Phonetic
component 		中なか
Rime
group 		終おわり
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		中なか
Old
Chinese 		/*tuŋs/

Definitions

[edit]

中なか

  1. to hit the mark; to be correct; to be successful
    導しるべ彈だん成功せいこう擊げき中なか目標もくひょう。 [MSC, trad.]
    导弹成功せいこう击中なか目め标。 [MSC, simp.]
    Dǎodàn chénggōng jī zhòng mùbiāo. [Pinyin]
    The missile successfully hit the target.
    真しん讓ゆずる他た說せつ中なか了りょう。 [MSC, trad.]
    真しん让他た说中なか了りょう。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhēn ràng tā shuō zhòng le. [Pinyin]
    He turns out to be correct.
  2. to be hit by; to suffer; to be affected by
    中なか暑あつ  ―  zhòngshǔ  ―  to suffer a heat stroke
    他た試ためし圖ず爬走はし時とき肩かた膀中なか槍やり了りょう。 [MSC, trad.]
    他た试图爬走はし时肩かた膀中なか枪了りょう。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā shìtú pá zǒu shí jiānbǎng zhòngqiāng le. [Pinyin]
    As he tried to crawl away, he was hit in the shoulder.
    他た中なか了りょう肺炎はいえん。  ―  Tā zhòng le fèiyán.  ―  He has contracted pneumonia.
  3. to win (a prize, a lottery)
    中なか樂らく透とおる／中なか乐透  ―  zhòng lètòu  ―  win a lottery
    中なか咗六合くに彩あや [Cantonese]  ―  zung3 zo2 luk6 hap6 coi2 [Jyutping]  ―  won the lottery
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (中なか):

Others:

Japanese

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Kanji

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中なか

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
中なか
ちゅう
Grade: 1
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 中なか (MC trjuwng).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

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中なか(ちゅう) • (chū) 

  1. the middle, medium
    大だい(だい)中なか(ちゅう)小しょう(しょう) ― dai chū shō ― large, medium and small
  2. an average, neither good nor poor mark
    中なか(ちゅう)の出で(で)来き(き)映うつ(ば)え ― chū no dekibae ― an average performance
  3. the second volume of a three-volume set
Derived terms
[edit]

Affix

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中なか(ちゅう) • (chū) 

  1. center, middle
  2. medium, intermediate, middle(-level)
  3. neutral, middle
  4. within (a specific range)
  5. among (friends, company, etc.)
  6. hitting (the center, mark, etc.)
  7. Short for 中国ちゅうごく (Chūgoku): China, Chinese
    日ひ(にっ)中なか(ちゅう)関せき(かん)係かかり(けい) ― Ni'chū kankei ― Sino-Japanese relations
  8. Short for 中学生ちゅうがくせい (chūgakusei): junior high school student
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Suffix

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中なか(ちゅう) • (-chū) 

  1. during..., being in the process of doing...
    ダウンロード中なか(ちゅう) ― daunrōdo-chū ― downloading; download in progress
    メンテ中なか(ちゅう) ― mente-chū ― currently in maintenance
    インストール中なか(ちゅう) ― insutōru-chū ― installing
    準備じゅんび(じゅんび)中なか(ちゅう) ― junbichū ― currently in preparation
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
中なか
じゅう
Grade: 1
on'yomi

The rendaku (連濁れんだく) form of chū above.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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中なか(じゅう) • (-jū) ←ぢゆう (dyuu)?

  1. during, in the course of, throughout
    世よ(せ)界さかい(かい)中なか(じゅう) ― sekaijū ― throughout the world
    体からだ(からだ)中なか(じゅう) ― karadajū ― throughout the body
  2. all over, everywhere
Usage notes
[edit]

The distinction between the suffixes じゅう (-jū) and ちゅう (-chū) can be confusing: じゅう (-jū) means throughout, in all places, as in 一いち日にち中ちゅう (ichinichijū, “all day long”) or 体からだ中ちゅう (karadajū, “throughout the body”), while ちゅう (-chū) means within, but not everywhere, as in 授業じゅぎょう中ちゅう (jugyōchū, “in class, during class”). Contrast in “I worked on this all day long” with “I worked on this in class (but not necessarily for the entire time)”.

Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
中なか
なか
Grade: 1
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 中なか – see the following entry.
【なか】
[noun] 中なか: inside
[noun] 中なか: middle
[noun] 中なか: among (a group or mass)
[noun] 中なか: during (time); amidst
(This term, 中なか, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 4

[edit]
Kanji in this term
中なか
うち
Grade: 1
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 中なか – see the following entry.
【内うちうち】2
[noun] the inside, within (a physical location)
[noun] something between, among
[noun] something while, during, inside or within a span of time
[noun] (when used possessively) one’s own, my, our
[noun] This term needs a translation to English.
[pronoun] (informal, women's speech) I, me
(This term, 中なか, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 5

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Kanji in this term
中なか
ちゅん
Grade: 1
irregular

Borrowing from Mandarin 中なか (zhōng).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

中なか(チュン) • (chun) 

  1. (mahjong) Short for 紅あか中なか (honchun): a red dragon tile
  2. (mahjong) a 役やく (yaku, “winning hand combination”) with a meld of red dragon tiles, worth 1 翻こぼし (han, “double”)
    Hypernym: 役やく牌ぱい (yakuhai, yakupai)

See also

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Etymology 6

[edit]

Various nanori readings.

Proper noun

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中なか(あたり) • (Atari) 

  1. a surname

中なか(あたる) • (Ataru) 

  1. a female given name

中なか(なかば) • (Nakaba) 

  1. a surname

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語にほんご発音はつおんアクセント辞典じてん [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 中なか (MC trjuwng).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 듀ᇰ (Yale: tyùng)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 가온〮ᄃᆡᆺ (Yale: kàwóntòy-s) 듀ᇰ (Yale: tyùng)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

中なか (eumhun 가운데 중 (gaunde jung))

  1. Hanja form? of 중 (“average (grade or class)”).
  2. Hanja form? of 중 (“middle; medium”).
  3. Hanja form? of 중 (“amongst”).
  4. Hanja form? of 중 (“in the course of; during”).
  5. Hanja form? of 중 (“China (in compounds or in news media)”).

Compounds

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Compounds

Proper noun

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Hanja in this term
中なか

中なか • (Jung) (hangeul 중)

  1. (in news headlines) Short for 中なか(중)國くに(국) (Jungguk, “China”).
    韓かん·中なか 관계 ― Han·Jung gwangye ― South Korea – China relations

Usage notes

[edit]

In news headlines, this is usually written solely in the hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any hanja.

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [2]

Old Korean

[edit]

Alternative forms

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  • 希まれ (*-huy) (probably represents lenition of initial *k)

Particle

[edit]

中なか (*-kuy, *-huy)

  1. in; at; amid (locative case marker, attested in isolation only before the eleventh century)

Reconstruction notes

[edit]
  • Conventionally reconstructed as *-kuy because Idu manuals in Han'gul read this character as 희 (-huy), which is believed to reflect an ancient reading tradition. Middle Korean intervocalic /h/ is usually lenited from Old Korean */k/ based on internal and dialectal reconstruction. The non-lenited form also survives directly in pronouns: 이ᅌᅥ긔〮 (ìngèkúy, “here”), 뎌ᇰ어긔〮 (tyèngèkúy, “there”), etc.
  • Assumed to be a logogram borrowed from Chinese, as no Chinese reading or native Korean equivalent of 中なか whose phonology is even remotely similar to *kuy is known. The Chinese word often bears a locative meaning as well, and there is a certain parallel in the Vietnamese Nôm use of the same character to write the native preposition trong (“in; inside”).
  • First-millennium Old Korean also featured the locative particle 良りょう (*-a). The two particles were compounded as 良よ中なか (*-a-kuy) as early as the seventh century. The compounded form becomes predominant in the corpus after the eleventh century, after which 中ちゅう *-kuy in isolation is rarely encountered (although a likely Middle Korean reflex is attested in Hangul form as late as the fifteenth century). The compounded form eventually fused into a single morpheme, becoming the Middle Korean locative particle 에〮/애〮 (-éy/áy).
  • At some point, perhaps even before widespread compounding, */k/ was lenited to */h/. Lenition may have begun as early as the eighth century, given the attestation of the 希まれ form in the poem 讚たたえ耆婆郞ろう歌か Changiparang-ga, whose claimed date of composition is 740.
  • Nam Pung-hyun suggests that 矣 (*-uy), another apparent locative particle attested in the Old Korean corpus, should be connected to 中なか (*-kuy.) He classifies both as "uy-type locatives", in contrast to 良りょう (*-a) as an "a-type locative", and speculates that the uy-type locatives were reserved for animate beings while 良りょう could be used indiscriminately.

Descendants

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See also

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  • 良りょう (*-a) (locative case marker)
  • 矣 (*-uy) (locative case marker)
  • 良よ中なか (*-akuy) (locative case marker predominant after the eleventh century)

References

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  • 배대은 [baedaeeun] (1996) “이두 처격조사의 통시적 고찰 [idu cheogyeokjosaui tongsijeok gochal, A diachronic study of locative case markers in Idu]”, in Baedalmal, volume 21, pages 139–156
  • 이승재 [iseungjae] (2000) “차자표기 자료의 격조사 연구 [chajapyogi jaryoui gyeokjosa yeon'gu, Study of case markers in the Chinese-based orthography [of Korean]]”, in Gugeo Gukmunhak, volume 127, pages 107–132
  • Hwang Seon-yeop (2006). "Godae gugeo-ui cheogyeok josa" 고대국어의 처격조사] ["The locative case markers of Old Korean"]. Hanmal Yeon'gu Hakhoe Jeon'guk Haksul Daehoe (conference). Seongnam, South Korea. pp. 35–48.
  • Nam Pung-hyun (2012) “Old Korean”, in Tranter, Nicolas, editor, The Languages of Japan and Korea, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 41–72

Vietnamese

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Han character

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中なか: Hán Việt readings: trung (陟のぼる(trắc)弓ゆみ(cung)切きり(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], trúng[1][2][3][4][5]
中なか: Nôm readings: trúng[1][2][3][4][6], trong[1][2][3][7], trung[1][2][4][6], truồng[3][4][5][6], đúng[3], truông[7]

  1. Chữ Hán form of trung (“middle”).
  2. Chữ Hán form of Trung (“Sino-”).
  3. Chữ Hán form of trúng (“to hit”).
  4. Nôm form of trong (“in; inside; within”).

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Hồ (1976).
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